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1、北师大版高考英语语法复习精品：介词、介词短语和连词一、介词和介词短语介词是一种虚词， 不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词或代词( 相当于名词的其他词类短语或从句 ) 构成介词短语，才能在句中充当某一个成分。介词短语在句中可充当状语，表语，定语及补语等成分。How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden! Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? With a lot of difficult pr
2、oblems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. 二、连词连词是用来连接词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词不能独立担任句子成分。按词义及其句法作用，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。常见的并列连词有and, but, or, not only.but also, yet, either.or.等。常见的从属连词有when, because, if, though, as if, now that, until, unless等。I saw Bob play the piano at Johns party and
3、on that occasion he was simply brilliant. Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it. Please follow your supervisors instructions, or youll offend him. 一、介词和介词短语在高考试题中对介词的考查主要集中在常见介词搭配中。如：1for为了；因为I apologised to the teacher fo
4、r my being late. For some reason, I refused his invitation. 2without 没有He came in without his managers permission. I wouldnt have finished the task without your help. 3by 借助于某种手段The old man earned his living by selling fruits. 4over “在正上方( 但未接触 ) ；超过”，多表示年龄，距离或跨越一定的高度You cant wear a blue jacket over
5、 that shirt. The plane can fly over the mountain. 5beyond 超越 ( 界限、范围、限度) ，可指时间或程度 Its quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen. 6across 表示从空间表面上横穿。through 表示从人体或物体的内部穿过，也可指抽象意义上的通过。He suddenly saw Mary across the room. He pushed his way through the crowd of people to get to her. 7
6、besides “除之外”，其宾语包括在内。except “除了”，其宾语不包括在内。except for强调整体中的细节，前后事物不属于同类。but 常和 except 互换，强调不在其中。but for“要不是”，往往用在虚拟语气的含蓄条件句中。Besides flowers, the pupils sent their teacher a nice greeting card for her birthday. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 22 页The article is very good except
7、for some spelling mistakes. 二、连词对连词的考查，近年高考主要集中在对从属连词和并列连词的考查上。对从属连词的考查主要集中在对其在不同从句中的不同用法的考查；对并列连词的考查主要集中在对其连接并列成分的用法以及特点上。1并列连词(1)and, or和 but I must work hard, or Ill fail in the contest. Make up your mind, and youll get the chance. Would you like to come to dinner tonight? Id like to, but Im too
8、busy. (2)not only.but (also), as well as不但而且She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. (3)neither.nor “ 既 不 也 不 ”；both.and.“两 者 都 ” ；either.or.“不是就是”Neither you nor he is to blame. Either you or I am right. (4)not.but.
9、 不是而是 They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a human being. (5)for 因为 He is absent today, for he is ill. 注意： for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。(6)so, therefore因此He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game. 2. 从属连词主要应用在各种状语从句中。高考真题探究（20062011 年）【2011 全国卷 II 14】This shop will
10、 be closed for repairs _ further notice. A. with B. until C. for D. at 【答案】 B 【考点】考查介词。【解析】句意：在另行通知前，这家店将停止整顿。until further notice表示“在另行通知前”。【2011 北京卷 35 】With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be take _ color. A. by B. for C. with D. in 【答案】 D 【考点】考察介词的用法。【解析】 In color表示“使用彩色”。固定搭配
11、。句意：随着科技的发展，水下沟壑的图片可以做成彩色的。【2011 上海卷 25 】Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 22 页the tough years. A. through B. up C. with D. from 【答案】 A 【考点】考察介词的用法。【解析】句意：一年中，毕业的时候是感谢那些曾经帮助过你的最好时机。【2011 湖北卷 30 】 When asked about their
12、 opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men. A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of 【答案】 C 【考点】 考察介词词组的用法。句子意思是， 当在问及对这个学校的校长有什么看法时很多老师宁愿他闪到一边去支持年轻人。in praise of 表扬， in terms of 就而言， in need of需要。【解析】【2011 山东卷 30 】I m sorry I
13、didn t phone you, but I ve been very busy_ the past couple of weeks. A. beyond B. with C. among D. over 【答案】 D 【考点】固定介词搭配。【解析】通过前半句“ I ve been very busy”现在完成时，可知搭配用的时间状语为“在过去的几周里”，固定搭配用介词“over the past couple of weeks=in the past couple of weeks ”. 句意为：很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。【2011 安徽卷 25 】Sometimes
14、proper answers are not far to seek_ food safety problem. A. in B. to C. on D. after 【答案】 B 【考点】考查介词。【解析】 句意为： 有时不容易找到解决食品安全问题的适宜的办法。本题考查名词后的介词的固定搭配。 此句中主语为answers ， 意为“解决办法”， 作此意时后跟介词to 或 towards ，故选 B项。【2011 浙江卷 5 】I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _.A. on B. for C. by D. of 【答案】
15、B 【考点】 考查介词。 语义：我经常想做我之前为之受过培训的工作，for表示目的， 意为“为了”，符合题意。【解析】【2011 四川卷 8 】Nick, it s good for you to read some books _China before you start your trip there. A. in B. for C. of D. on 【答案】 D 【考点】考查介词。【解析】 on 表示关于， some books on China 意为“关于中国的一些书”。句意为：“Nick，你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。”故选D。【2011 天津卷 11 】 He wa
16、s a good student and scored _ average in most subjects. A. below B. of C. on D. above 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 22 页【答案】 D 【考点】考察介词。【解析】句意为：他是一个好学生, 大多数科目得分高于平均水平。above average高于平均数； below average低于平均数；on average平均起来，一般说来。【2011 天津卷 5 】_ regular exercise is very important,
17、its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless 【答案】 C 【考点】考查连词。【解析】 although “尽管” ; As “如” ; Unless “除非”。句意为：尽管有规律的运动很重要，但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。【2011 重庆卷 24 】Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the library. A. in B. for C. by D. from 【答案
18、】 D 【考点】考查介词。【解析】句意为“Shirley，一个读书爱好者，经常从图书馆带些书回家去读”。【2011 江苏卷 32 】We d bette r discuss everything _before we work out the plan. A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time 【答案】 A 【考点】考查副词短语辨析。【解析】句意：在我们制定计划之前，我们最好详细地讨论每件事。In detail详细地； in general通常，大体上；on purpose故意地； on time准时，按时。【2011 全国卷 I
19、 30 】The form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself. A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. better than 【答案】 B 【考点】考察连词用法【解析】【2011 全国卷 I 22 】Try_ she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.A. if B. when C. sine D. as 【答案】 D 【考点】本题考察连词。【解析】题目前半句说，她试过；后半句说Sue 不能打开门，明显前后两句意思相反。As表示虽然，尽管。【2011 浙江卷 6
20、 】The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I ll just have to _it.A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with 【答案】 A 【考点】考察短语用法【解析】【2011 福建卷 22 】 _ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished. A. Far from B. Apart
21、 from CInstead of DRegardless of 【答案】 B 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 22 页【考点】考查介词短语。【解析】除了优质的服务外，这个饭店提供了不同种类的传统的福建菜。apart from表“除以外”，符合语意。far fr om“远离，远非”； instead of“代替，而不是”；regardless of“不管，不顾”。【2011 安徽卷 24 】To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, _, honest. A. ther
22、efore B. above all C. however D. after 【答案】 B 【考点】考察连词用法【解析】【2011 全国卷 I 25 】 Someone wants you on the phone. _nobody knows I am here. A. Although B. And C. But D. So 【答案】 C 【考点】考察连词用法。【解析】前半句为：有人给你打电话；后半句为：没有人知道我在这儿，根据句子意思可知前后两句明显为转折关系，因此选C。【2011 山东卷 23 】Find ways to praise your children often, _ yo
23、ull find they will open their hearts to you. A. till B. or C. and D. but 【答案】 C 【考点】考并列连词用法。【解析】 分析前后分句逻辑关系，是条件或假设关系，而且“祈使句 +and/or/otherwise”固定句型所以选C. 【2011 辽宁卷 31 】Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open. A. or B. and C. but D. for 【答案】 B 【考点】考察连词用法。【解析】固定句型祈使句+and/or+ 简单句。根据题意，应为顺承关
24、系。【2011 江西卷 27】 The haouse was too expensive and too hig. _, I d grown fond of our little rented house. A.Besides B.Therefore C.Somehow D.Otherwise 【答案】 A 【考点】考察连词用法【解析】 句意为这个房子太贵太大。我已经对我的小的租用房越来越感兴趣了。根据前后句判断出为并列关系。Besides 此外，表并列， therefore 因此，表因果， somehow 无论如何，表转折， otherwise 除此之外，表转折。选A 。10 福建 The
25、girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. A. before B. until C. as D. since 答案 A 考点考连词的使用解析根据“rung the bell” 和“the door was opened “的发生先后, 可以得出答案。句子的含义是： 女孩还没来得及按门铃, 门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上去欢迎她。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 2
26、2 页10 上海our manage objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After 答案 B 考点本题考查连词解析此句意思是“除非我们经理反对tom 加入俱乐部 , 不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。”10 安徽 The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest. A. wherev
27、er B. whenever C. even if D. as if 答案 C 考点本题考查状语从句连词辨析。解析句意为“工程师们非常繁忙, 即使（ even if ）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。”10 安徽 Just use this room for the time being, and we ll offer you a larger one _it becomes available A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until 答案 A 考点本题考查状语从句连词辨析。解析句意为“仅暂时使用此房间, 它一（ as soon as）
28、可以正常使用, 我们就提供你一个大点的。”10 江西 Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it? Well, that doesnt matter_ you enjoyed yourselves.A as long as B unless C as soon as D though 答案 A 考点考查连词和具有连词作用的词组解析 as long as只要 unless 除非否则 as soon as 一就 though虽然 , 后一句为只要你玩的开心 , 花多少钱就不重要。10 江西 Nowadays some hospitals refer to pat
29、ients _ name, not case number. A of B as C by D with 答案 C 考点考查介词解析方式方法可以用by 也可以用 with, by+ n(方式 ), with+修饰词 + n( 工具 ). 10 全国 Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal . A. so that B. although C. while D. as if 答案 C 考点此题考查连词的用法。解析句意：Mary 做咖啡当她的客人们将要结束用餐的时候。根据选项此题考查连词的用法。 so that译为“以便”表示
30、目的, although译为“尽管 , 虽然” , as if译为 “好像”, while译为“当 . 的时候” , 因此while 符合句意 , 选择 C。10 全国 The little boy won t go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story.A. or B. unless C. but D. whether 答案 B 考点此题考查连词的用法。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 22 页解析 句意： 这个小男孩儿不会睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲故事。根据选项此题考查连词的用法。
31、 or 译为“或者”表示选择, unless译为“除非”表示条件, but译为“但是”表示转折 , whether译为“是否” , 根据句意选择B。10 辽宁 The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. Aalthough Bunless Cbecause Dif 答案 C 考点考查从属连词。解析 句意： 这位老人叫露丝挪到另一把椅子上因为他想跟他妻子挨着坐。空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在原因关系, 所以用 because 引导原因状语从句。Although引导让步状
32、语从句 , unless和 if引导条件状语从句。10 辽宁 It s no use having ideas only . Don t worry. Peter can show you _to turn an idea into an act. A. how B. who C. what D. where 答案 A 考点考查连接词的用法。解析句意： 光有主意没用。不用担心, 皮特可以教你怎样把主意变为行动。虽然四个词都可以和动词不定式连用, 但是意义不同。how 表示 “怎样” , 强调方式。而who 和what 是连接代词 , 一般在不定式短语中作宾语, 此句中动词不定式有宾语, 不再需
33、要宾语, 所以排除 , where则强调地点。与上一句不对应。10 北京 they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A. As B. While C. Until D. Once 答案 D 考点本题考查连词。解析此题重在句意的判断。“一旦学生们决定了去哪所大学读书, 他们就得研究下办理入学的手续。” A. As当；因为 .B. while做连词强调一件事发生时另外一个动作正在进行； C. Until直到 .D. Once一旦。因此选D 10 上海 Sean has
34、 formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. A. between B. along C. below D. with 答案 B 考点考查介词的用法解析根据句意“Sean 已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”, 表示 “沿着”时 , 应该选 B。10 天津 My father warned me going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. A. by B. on C. for D. against 答案
35、 D 考点考查介词用法。解析句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸, 因为那里挤满了游客。句中谓语动词warned和介词 against搭配 , 构成 warn sb. against doing sth. 相当于 warn sb. not to do sth, 意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。10 四川 Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 22 页A. in B. below C. beside D. against 答案 D
36、考点考查介词。解析 句意为：“累了 , 吉姆背倚着树, 很快就睡着了。 ”against此处意为：“倚着 , 靠着”； below “在下方”；beside “在旁边”；in “在里面或 （时间） 之后”。10 辽宁 I agree to his suggestion _the condition that he drops all charges. A. by B. in C. on D. to 答案 C 考点考查介词用法。解析句意：我同意他的建议, 条件是他放弃所有指控。介词on 和 the condition that一起相当一个连词, 引导条件状语从句, 意思是“条件是 , 以为条件”
37、。 10北 京 Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are everyones enjoyment. A. in B. at C. for D. to 答案 C 考点本题考查enjoyment 的习惯用语。解析 for enjoyment为了寻求乐趣。例如：We work in the garden for enjoyment. 我们为寻求乐趣而在园子里劳作。10 重庆 The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money me. A. by B.
38、 for C. in D. with 答案 D 考点考查介词。解析 I don t have enough money with me 意思是我没有随身带那么多钱。10 浙江 I guess we ve already talkedabout this before but Ill ask you again just . A by nature B in return Cin case D by chance 答案 C 考点本题考查介词短语。解析 分析四个选项的意思：by nature 天生地； in return作为回报 , 作为交换； in case 万一 , 以防； by chance
39、 偶然地。根据句意：我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事, 但是以防万一 , 我再问你一次。09 安徽 I wonder how much you charge for your services. The first two are free the third costs $30. A. while B. until C. when D. before 答案 A 考点此题考查连词的用法。解析 while 表转折“而 , 然而”。根据句子意思, 前两份免费 , 而第三份要 $30。09 北京 John plays basketball well, _his favorite sport is ba
40、dminton. A. so B. or C. yet D. for 答案 D 考点此题考查连词的用法。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 22 页解析 前半句说 , “约翰打棒球打得很好, 后半句却说“他最喜欢的运动是打羽毛球”, 所以前后两句话存在转折关系, 故选 C yet “但是 , 然而”来表示转折。09 北京 The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, _ little foreign ownership. A. by B. of C
41、. with D. from 答案 C 考点本题考查介词。解析句意为：这个地区的白酒业以一种特殊的方式在发展着, 具有很少的外国所有权。with 具有 , 带有 , 表伴随。09 北京 Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _extra stress. A. it B. them C. one D. him 答案 A 考点本题考查介词。解析本题较难, 根据句意 , “作为一个父母并非总是一件容易的事, 而作为一个有特殊需求的
42、孩子的父母来说就需要有的额外的压力。后一分句的正常语序为being the parent of a child with special needs often carries extra stress with it. it特指 being the parent of a child with special needs这件事。”09 北京 You may use room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if 答案 C 考点此题考查连词的用法。解析
43、so f ar as “就 , 据” so long as “只要” , 引导条件状语从句。 in case “以防, 以免”；even if “即使 , 尽管”。根据句意：你可以随心所欲的使用这个房间, 只要之后你把房间打扫干净。09 北京 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see_ it got any better. A. when B. how C. why D. if 答案 D 考点此题考查连词的用法, 引导宾语从句。解析 根据句意： 起初 , 他对这项新工作持犹豫态度,
44、 但又决定给自己几个月的时间看能否好些 , 可知选 D。09 湖南 _ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as 答案 A 考点考查从属连词的用法。解析根据句意, 引导让步状语从句。故选A。09 四川 Owen wouldnt eat anything _ he cooked it himselfA. unti
45、l B. since C. unless D. while 答案 C 考点考查连词的区别。解析该句的意思是：欧文不吃任何东西, 除非这种东西是他自己09 浙江 The medicine works more effectively _ you drink some hot water after 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 22 页taking it. A. as B. until C. although D. if 答案 D 考点此题考查连词的用法。解析该题的意思是, 这种药的效果更明显, 如果你在吃药后喝一些开水
46、的话。08 全国 Let s learn to use the problem we are facing a stepping stone to future success.A.to B.for C.as D.by 答案 C 考点此题考查固定搭配。解析考查use.as.把当作使用。08 全国 The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit the season.A.whatever B.wherever C.whenever D.however 答案 A 考点考查whatever 引导的从句。解析 whatever the season
47、意为“无论什么季节”。08 全国 Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I don t mind where we go theres sun, sea and beach.A.as if B.as long as C.now that D.in order that 答案 B 考点考查连词的用法。解析 as long as意为“只要”。08 全国 A small car is big enough for a family of three you need more space for baggage.A.once B.because
48、C.if D.unless 答案 D 考点本题考查连词的用法。解析句意为：一辆小汽车对于一个三口之家足够大了, 除非你需要更多的空间放行李。unless 相当于 if not。08 全国 The road conditions there turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect.A.it B.what C.which D.that 答案 C 考点此题考查连词的用法。解析句意为：那里的路况证明是非常好的, 这超出了我们的想象。which 引导非限制性定语从句 , which指代前面整个句子的内容。A、B 、D三项均不能引
49、导非限制性定语从句。08 全国Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like_working here.A.with B.over C.at D.about 答案 D 考点本题考查介词的用法。解析句意为：关于在这里工作, 我喜欢的两件事情是现代化设备和禁止吸烟。about “有关, 关于” , 符合题意。08 天津 At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _. 精选学习资料 - - - - -
50、 - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 22 页 A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place 答案 A 考点本题考查介词短语的辨析。解析 out of sight看不见； out of reach 够不到； out of order 杂乱 , 出故障； out of place 不在原来的地方, 不恰当。句意为：在火车站, 这位母亲挥手向她的女儿告别, 直到火车看不见为止。08 北京 If you really have to leave during the meeting