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1、.2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)例： its so nice to hear from her again，we last met more than thirty years ago.A. whats more B. Thats to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not答案是D。1.-Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around？-Hello, Peter. Im Bo
2、b. I juston Monday.A. Start B. have started C. started D. had started2. we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. Although B. While C. If D. Until3. along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D.
3、Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and as a volunteer in the neighborhood. when I visited her last yearA. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fitA. Which B. who C.as D. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family memb
4、ers often gather togethera meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. Share B. to share C. having shared D. shared7. Chinas high-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the pastfew years.A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simplythe button a
5、nd a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. Press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists whoin the mountains for two days.A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, correctly, can deal
6、with bacteria effectively.A. Used B. to use C. using D. use11. Without his support, we wouldnt bewe are now.A. How B. when C. where D. why12. In todays information age, the loss of datacause serious problems for a company.A. Need B. should C. can D. must13. They might have found a better hotel if th
7、eya few more kilometers.A. Drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven14.-Good morning, Mr. lees office.-Good morning. Id like to make an appointmentnext Wednesday afternoon.A. For B. on C. in D. at15. This ismy father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. How B.
8、 which C. that D. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分） The Homeless HeroFor many，finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）.But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of
9、the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he co
10、uld contact（联系）the driver， only to 21 it contained 400 in notes，with another 50 in spare change beside it. He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the c
11、ar-which was itself worth 35，000in Glasgow city centre， they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 24 . The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 . Mr. Anderson said：“I couldnt believe that the guy never too
12、k a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 27 he didnt take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 28 its unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys out there.” Mr. smiths act 30 mu
13、ch of the publics attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. “I think the fait
14、h that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; hes ha I job 34 and all sorts, ”Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D
15、. effort17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached21.A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused
16、 D. shocked24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement26. A. when B. if C. where D. because27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew31
17、. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn33. A. of B. at C. for D. in34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,共30分)AMy First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon
18、, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He lat
19、er informed me that I was“ not athletic”.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test
20、 of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带)became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted！At mile3, I passe
21、d a sign:“ GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving！As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never
22、minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and world
23、ly labels(世俗标签)， I can now call myself a marathon winner”.36. A month before the marathon, the author .A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. Lost hope37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B. To amuse the
24、 readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports .D. To share a precious memory.38. How was the authors first marathon?A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end.39. What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his fam
25、ily support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success. D. One is never too old to learn.BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空)CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be. The Center offers
26、programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an as
27、tronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom. For the trainees，the programs also offer a great wayto earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about
28、space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators. T
29、rainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-andland-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of “downed pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All th
30、is fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week-there is something here for everyone!For more details，please visit us online at .40. Why do people come to SAC?A. To e
31、xperience adventures. B. To look for jobs in aviation.C. To get a degree in engineering. D. To learn more about medicine.41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .A. fly to space. B. get an Aviation badge first.C. study the principles of flight. D. build and fire model rockets.42. W
32、hat is the most important for trainees?A. Leadership. B. Team spirit .C. Task planning. D. Survival skills.CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)， and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. qSo far the
33、re is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worm
34、s on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, theresearchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plasti
35、c films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass-apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food-beeswax-also allow
36、s them to break down plastic Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is thereas well, she explains. The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the
37、 study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by
38、 its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”43. What can we learn ab
39、out the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills.44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source
40、 of the enzymeC. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future46. What is the main purpose of th
41、e passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years
42、away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars,
43、and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. Its hard to predict whendriverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technolog
44、y has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-
45、driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordablemobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy- or even worsen- the traffic of toda
46、y with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The