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1、第三部分体裁应对策略第一讲记叙文仔细研读近几年高考完形填空不难发现，记叙文是高考完形填空中出现频率最高的一类文体。该体裁多以记人、叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件的情态及其发展过程，以表达作者的态度和思想。记叙文多以人物思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述。1抓住文章中心。中心思想是文章的灵魂和统帅，其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。2明确叙述角度。通常记叙文有两大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，考生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景
2、色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。在做题时考生可采用“角色浸透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。3理清写作顺序。根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。理清这些线索有助于了解事情发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。4明确写作要素。包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。5洞悉写作目的。同学们要知道就事论事绝不是记叙文的最终目的，而最终目
3、的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因此，只有在分析具体情节的基础上认真体会文字背后的东西才能洞悉作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主题。文本示例(2019全国卷)Its about 250 miles from the hills of westcentral Iowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota.During the long trip home，following a weekend of hunting，Ehlers _41_about the small dog he had seen _42_alongside the road.He had _43_
4、to coax(哄)the dog to him but，frightened，it had _44_.Back home，Ehlers was troubled by that _45_dog.So，four days later，he called his friend Greg，and the two drove _46_.After a long and careful _47_，Greg saw，across a field，the dog moving _48_away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him
5、.Nervousness and fear were replaced with _49_.It just started licking (舔)Ehlers face.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one _50_as lost in the local paper.The ad had a _51_number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers _52_the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had _53_their dog.Jeff
6、had _54_in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog，Rosie，but the gun shots had scared the dog off.Jeff searched _55_for Rosie in the next four days.Ehlers returned to Minnesota，and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.“Its good to know theres still someone out there
7、 who _56_enough to go to that kind of _57_，”says Lisa of Ehlers rescue _58_.“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as _59_to it as I am to my dogs，”says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog，Id hope that somebody would be _60_to go that extra mile.”41.A.readBforgotC.thought Dheard42.A.fighting Bt
8、remblingC.eating Dsleeping43.A.tried BagreedC.promised Dregretted44.A.calmed down Bstood upC.rolled over Drun off45.A.injured BstolenC.lost Drescued46.A.home BpastC.back Don47.A.preparation BexplanationC.test Dsearch48.A.cautiously BcasuallyC.skillfully Dangrily49.A.surprise BjoyC.hesitation Danxiet
9、y50.A.predicted BadvertisedC.believed Drecorded51.A.house BphoneC.street Dcar52.A.called BcopiedC.counted Dremembered53.A.fed BadoptedC.found Dcured54.A.hunted BskiedC.lived Dworked55.A.on purpose Bon timeC.in turn Din vain56.A.cares BseesC.suffers Dlearns57.A.place BtroubleC.waste Dextreme58.A.serv
10、ice BplanC.effort Dteam59.A.equal BallergicC.grateful Dclose60.A.suitable BproudC.wise Dlearns考场思维第一步通全文知框架明主旨本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会，主题语境内容为良好的人际关系。一个叫Ehlers的人救了一条走丢的小狗，并费尽周折把小狗送还给了它的主人。本文内容有助于培养学生的思维品质。段意梳理第一段：在打完猎回家的途中，Ehlers想起了自己在路边看到的那条小狗。第二段：四天后，Ehlers和他的朋友开车回去，找到了小狗并把它哄到自己身边。第三段：当地农民告诉他们那条狗像登广告丢失的狗，
11、Ehlers拨通了电话。第四段：狗主人解释小狗走失的原因。第五段：Ehlers费尽周折把小狗放到了飞往密歇根的飞机上。第六段：作者发表感慨人人都会如此做。第二步品语境析选项定答案语境取词上文顺承41.在打完猎回家的漫长路途中，Ehlers想起了自己在路边看到的那条小狗。此处表示他一边开车一边在大脑里想(thought about)那条小狗，故选C。44.可是那条狗吓坏了就跑开(run off)了。故选D。46.四天后，Ehlers叫上自己的朋友Greg。两个人开车又回到(back)了他发现那条狗的地方。故选C。47.经过长时间仔细搜寻(search)，Greg看到了那条狗。故选D。49.Ehl
12、ers成功地把那条狗哄到了自己身边，并且它开始舔Ehlers的脸。由此可知“紧张和恐惧变成了欢喜(joy)”，故选B。51.根据常识可知，在报纸上登广告找走丢的狗，肯定会留下电话(phone)号码。故选B。52.知道了失主的电话号码后，Ehlers拨打了(called)这个号码，故选A。53.在电话中Ehlers告诉了失主Jeff和Lisa他找到了(found)他们的狗。故选C。57.此处描述Ehlers开车走了100英里的路到达明尼阿波利斯，再把这条小狗放到飞往密歇根的飞机上。这是非常麻烦的事(trouble)，故选B。语境领悟下文关键42.他看到一条小狗在路边发抖(trembling)。结
13、合下句话中的frightened可知，这条狗因为恐惧而发抖，故选B。45.根据后文第50空后的lost可知答案为C项(lost)。回到家后，Ehlers一直被那条走丢的狗困扰着。故选C。48.那条狗看到了他们两个人后谨慎地(cautiously)走开了。根据下文中的Nervousness and fear可知。故选A。50.结合下句中的ad可知答案为B项(advertised)。一个当地的农民告诉他们这条狗像是那条被在报纸上登广告寻找的狗。故选B。54.结合下文中的“枪声”可知，此处应该是打猎(hunted)，故选A。篇章逻辑上下呼应43.他曾试图(tried)把那条狗哄到自己的身旁。故选A。
14、55.在接下来的四天里，Jeff一直在寻找自己的狗，但是一切都是徒劳(in vain)。故选D。56.此处表示Ehlers很在乎这条走失的小狗。故选A。58.引号里的这句话是狗的主人Lisa在说起Ehlers为营救并费尽周折归还小狗所付出的努力(effort)时说的话。故选C。59.此处表示无论是谁丢了这条狗，他可能和这条狗的关系就像“我”和“我”的狗的关系那么亲近(close)。故选D。语境领悟固定搭配60.此处表示如果这是“我”的狗的话，“我”也会希望有人会愿意多走那段路给“我”送来。be willing to do sth.愿意做某事。故选D。第三步再回看细分辨核答案将答案带入原文中再次
15、对文章进行主旨、逻辑和语境方面的审核。如有个别题目答案尚不把握，换个角度再次揣摩并仔细分辨选项。对于已经明确答案的题目，再次核对，避免低级失误。(2020杭州调研)Fifteen years ago，I took a summer vacation in Lecce，Italy.After climbing up a hill for a full view of the blue sea，I paused to catch my _1_ and then positioned myself to take a photo.Unfortunately，just as I took out my
16、 camera，a woman approached from behind，and _2_ herself right in front of my _3_.Like me，she was here to stop，sigh and appreciate the view._4_ as I was，after about 15 minutes，my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would _5_ take，I was upset.Should I ask her to _6_ so that I could take ju
17、st one picture of the landscape？Sure，I could have asked her，but something _7_ me from doing so.She seemed so _8_ with her observation.I didnt want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew more _9_.The woman was still there.I decided to take the photo _10_.And now when I look at this ph
18、oto，I think her _11_ in the photo is what makes the image _12_.The landscape，beautiful on its own，somehow comes to life and breathes _13_ this woman is engaging in it.This photo，with the _14_ beauty that unfolded before me and the woman who“_15_”it，now hangs on the wall in my bedroom.What would she
19、think if she knew that her figure was captured(捕捉) and _16_ on a strangers bedroom wall？A bedroom，after all，is the private space，in which a woman I dont even know has been kept forever.In some ways，she has been _17_ in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others space.Perhaps this is what photos are
20、 for：to _18_ us that we all appreciate beauty，and that we all share a common _19_ for pleasure and connection.That photo is a reminder，a captured moment，an unspoken _20_ between two women，separated only by a thin square of glass.语篇解读在一次旅途中我发现了一处非常值得拍摄的美景，但是就在我即将拍摄之际，镜头中出现了一个破坏风景的女性的身影。我苦苦等待后还是按下了快门，
21、这张照片中最终留下了她的身影。1A.sightBbreathCway Dattention解析：B考查名词。catch ones breath表示“喘口气，恢复正常呼吸”，是固定搭配。2A.planted BfoundClost Denjoyed解析：A考查动词。此处表示不幸的是，就在我拿出照相机的时候，一位女士从后面走了过来，正好站在我的前面，挡住了我的视线。plant“立稳”，符合语境。3A.concern BphotoCview Ddirection解析：C考查名词。参见上题解析。结合上下文可知view“视线、视野”符合语境。4A.Cautious BCuriousCCasual DPa
22、tient解析：D考查形容词。根据下文的“after about 15 minutes，my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would _5_ take，I was upset”可知，此处表示尽管我很有耐心，与空后的我还是感到心烦意乱相呼应。5A.eventually BrandomlyCextremely Dhurriedly解析：A考查副词。此处表示我最终要拍摄的照片。eventually“最终，终于”，符合语境。randomly随意地；extremely非常，极端；hurriedly匆忙地，仓促地。6A.back awa
23、y Bgo overCmove along Dstay out解析：C考查动词短语。根据下文的“so that I could take just one picture of the landscape”可知，此处表示让这位女士移动一下(move along)。back away 向后退，退缩；go over仔细检查；stay out待在外面。7A.caught BsentCgot Dprevented解析：D考查动词。此处表示我本来可以让她移动一下的，可是一些东西阻止了我这样做。prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。8A.anxious BcontentCqu
24、iet Dconfident解析：B考查形容词。此处表示她似乎对自己的观察很满意。content满意的，符合语境。9A.excited BannoyedCworried Dconfused解析：B考查形容词。根据下文的“The woman was still there”并结合语境可知，此处表示又过了十五分钟，我变得更加生气(annoyed)了。excited兴奋的，worried担心的，confused 困惑的。10A.anyway BsomehowCinstead Dindeed解析：A考查副词。此处表示不管怎样，我决定拍照了。anyway不管怎样， somehow不知为什么，instea
25、d相反，indeed确定。11A.beauty BbehaviorCdetermination Dpresence解析：D考查名词。根据下文可知，这位女士被拍进了照片里。presence“出现，存在”，符合语境。beauty美，behavior行为，determination决心。12A.puzzling BdisappointingCinteresting Dboring解析：C考查形容词。根据下文，尤其是倒数第二段可知，此处表示这位女士出现在照片里，让照片看起来很有趣(interesting)。puzzling令人迷惑的，disappointing令人失望的，boring无聊的。13A.u
26、nless BbecauseCalthough Duntil解析：B考查连词。分析上下文可知此处存在因果关系，表示照片里的风景本身就很美，但因为这位女士的存在，不知怎么的，风景充满了生机和活力。14A.strange BregrettableCdistant Dunique解析：D考查形容词。此处表示这张照片包含了曾展现在我面前的独特的美。unique独特的，符合此处表达的感情色彩。strange奇怪的，regrettable令人遗憾的，distant遥远的。有的考生忽略了上下文语境，主观地认为有人破坏了自己所拍的风景，自己应该感到很遗憾，这就犯了主观臆断的错误。15A.ruined Bcre
27、atedCmissed Ddiscovered解析：A考查动词。根据上文可知，我苦苦等待，但那位女士一直没有离开，我只好把那位女士也拍进照片里。由此推知当时我应该是觉得这位女士破坏(ruined)了美景。注意此处强调的是我的心理变化。16A.protected BobservedCfrozen Ddrawn解析：C考查动词。此处表示如果她知道她的身影被拍到，并定格(frozen)在一个陌生人的卧室的墙上，她会怎么想。protect保护，observe观察，draw画。17A.hanging BlivingCshining Dwandering解析：B考查动词。根据语境可知，此处表示这位女士的照
28、片被我保存在我的私人空间里，所以在某种程度上她也一直住(living)在我的房子里。hang悬挂，shine照耀，wander漫游。18A.promise BtellCconvince Dremind解析：D考查动词。此处表示也许这就是照片的意义，提醒(remind)我们都欣赏美，我们都渴望(desire)快乐和与他人的关系。19A.respect BplanCdesire Dsense解析：C考查名词。参见上题解析。20A.conversation BresultCtrust Dlove解析：A考查名词。结合上文可知，此处表示这张照片能勾起回忆，是一个被拍摄到的瞬间，是两个女人之间无言的对话
29、。Cloze 1The calendar read December 15.It had been one of the hardest periods of my life.Being eight months pregnant with three little children，I just got the _1_ from my householder that we had to _2_ by January 10th，only 3 weeks to find another place.When my husband Don returned home from work，I _3
30、_ the news to him.Through the Christmas holiday，Don went househunting _4_ I attended to everything despite physical discomfort.Soon，the moving day arrived and it was _5_.Don was busy coordinating (协调) the men who had come to help.I packed alone _6_.The children were _7_ in an upstairs bedroom.Unfort
31、unately，with all the toys packed away，soon all three were crying with _8_.The screaming children and the _9_ house reduced me to tears.I had never felt so _10_ in my life.“Are you okay？”One man asked with his eyes fixed on me.All I could do was _11_ my head and say yes._12_，I left the room quietly f
32、or a moment.After regaining my _13_，I returned to face the tough tasks before me._14_，several women were busy packing and one even _15_ my children.Soon after，the trucks were _16_ with furniture and on the way to our new house.Upon arrival，I was not allowed to lift one _17_ for the rest of the night
33、.Our good neighbors helped us _18_ everything.After they finished，they disappeared into the night，not even _19_ a thank you.I have never seen most of those people again；I dont even remember most of their names.But I do remember the _20_ they showed me on a cold winter night when I needed it most.语篇解
34、读 作者通过讲述自己在寒冷冬夜里搬家并得到好心人帮助的故事，表达了对帮助过她的人的感谢和对善良的歌颂。1A.ideaBplanCmessage Dthought解析：C考查名词。根据下文的“to find another place”和“the news”可知，此处表示房东告诉了作者需要在三周后“搬出去”的“消息”，故选C。2A.turn up Bget throughCset off Dmove out解析：D考查动词短语。参见第1题解析。3A.stated BbrokeCannounced Dreported解析：B考查动词。break the news to sb.是固定短语，意为“最先
35、向某人透露坏消息”。根据上文可知，作者怀孕8个月，还有3个小孩子要照顾，因此在寒冷的冬天搬家确实是一个“坏消息”，故选B。4A.while BsinceCuntil Dafter解析：A考查连词。此处表示Don到处奔波寻找房子，而我忍着身体不舒服打理一切事务。此处while表示两个动作的对比，故选A。5A.cool BfreezingCwarm Dboiling解析：B考查形容词。根据文章最后的“they showed me on a cold winter night”可知，搬家的那天很冷，故选B。6A.in advance Bin needCin rain Din detail解析：A考查
36、介词短语。根据生活常识可知，搬家的时候需要先打包好行李，因此，此处表示作者在提前打包行李。故选A。7A.found BkeptCheld Dstored解析：B考查动词。根据常识可知，此处表示大人在搬家，孩子们被“留在”楼上的卧室里。故选B。8A.terror BhungerCboredom Dthirst解析：C考查名词。此处表示所有的玩具都被收起来了，孩子们没有玩具玩，很快就因为“无聊”而哭泣。故选C。9A.empty BshabbyCtidy Dmessy解析：D考查形容词。根据生活常识可知，搬家时家里肯定是“乱糟糟的”。故选D。10A.sad BpeacefulCsick Dregre
37、tful解析：A考查形容词。作者伤心落泪，肯定是感觉到非常“难过”。故选A。11A.shake BnodCturn Dlower解析：B考查动词。根据下文的“and say yes”可知，作者应该是“点头”。故选B。12A.Embarrassed BConfusedCWorried DAlarmed解析：A考查形容词。根据语境可知，作者当众难过落泪，自然感到“尴尬”，所以悄悄地离开了屋子。故选A。13A.balance BbeliefCconfidence Dcourage解析：D考查名词。此处表示当作者鼓起“勇气”重新回到屋里来面对搬家的艰难任务时，“很吃惊地”发现几个女人在忙着帮作者收拾东
38、西，还有一个人在“安慰”孩子们。故选D。14A.Ridiculously BCheerfullyCSurprisingly DHopefully解析：C考查副词。参见13题解析。15A.blaming BpraisingCteasing Dcomforting解析：D考查动词。参见13题解析。16A.flooded BcoveredCequipped Dloaded解析：D考查动词。此处表示很快，卡车“装满”了家具，开往新家。故选D。17A.leg BfingerCarm Dfoot解析：B考查名词。此处表示到那里后，大家都不允许作者动一根“手指”。此处使用夸张的手法，说明邻居都在帮忙，让作者
39、休息。故选B。18A.clean BmakeCsettle Dprepare解析：C考查动词。此处表示作者的好邻居帮助他们“安排好”一切。故选C。19A.waiting for Bturning down Clonging for Dtaking down解析：A考查动词短语。此处表示结束后，他们就消失在黑夜中，甚至不“等”作者说一句谢谢。故选A。20A.friendship BkindnessCsympathy Dhappiness解析：B考查名词。结合全文可知，这些邻居帮助作者搬家，给了作者在寒冷冬夜里最需要的“善意”。故选B。Cloze 2“I just think，a year ago
40、，at 54 years of age，I couldnt swim.I was terrified at the thought of going into the water.Now，I have just _1_ my 200 meters.It feels like a _2_，and it is all thanks to Everyday Swim.”Its never too late to learn swimming.Angela King,55，is a perfect _3_ of it.For years，she had to _4_ sitting on the si
41、de of a pool watching her family splash(拍打着水游) around.Then in August 2016，the family went to an attraction they hadnt _5_ for 15 years.Angela thought，“I still cant _6_.When I get back home tomorrow，Im going to find out more about swimming _7_.”In the cold light of day，she felt a little _8_，but her h
42、usband David searched the Internet for swimming classes.He found Everyday Swim at the local Haleigh pool and _9_ Angela to sign up.When she turned up for her first lesson，she felt a bit sick and _10_，but this soon passed.The instructor _11_ put her at ease，as did the other people in the class.They c
43、ame in all shapes and sizes，_12_ they were all feeling like her.As the lessons _13_，she started to become more _14_ in the water.At first，it was a simple _15_ of learning she wasnt going to sink.Then during the third lesson，the Olympic gold medal winner Duncan Goodhew turned up to offer _16_.“I coul
44、dnt believe it.He held my hand and we all held hands in a circle and splashed under the water.What he did made me believe that I could _17_ it.”When the 10 lessons finished at the pool，she _18_ to sign up for lessons.In fact，from initially being _19_ of the water，Angela now has become a regular swim
45、mer and _20_ some certificates.语篇解读 通过在Everyday Swim学习游泳课程，Angela从一开始害怕水，到现在已经变成了一个经常游泳的人。她也获得了一些证书。1A.undertaken BwonCcompleted Dchallenged解析：C考查动词。此处表示Angela刚完成了200米游泳。undertake承担，win赢得，complete 完成，challenge 向挑战。易错分析：有些考生受中式思维影响，认为在汉语中可以说挑战200米游泳，从而误选D项。但challenge意为“向挑战”时，常跟sb.作宾语。2A.dream BgameCshow Dsuffer解析：A考查名词。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示那感觉像是一场梦。dream梦，game游戏，show显示，suffer遭受。3A.founder BsuccessCexample Dpioneer解析：C考查名词。根据前一句可知，此处表示55岁的Ang