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1、柴油发电机无刷励磁的结构特点工作方式工作原理精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页2 作者：日期：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页3 / 10 柴油发电机无刷励磁的结构特点、工作方式、工作原理无刷励磁的结构特点、工作方式、 工作原理。 发电机励磁电流的调节过程由副励磁机可控硅AVR调节器作为主励磁机定子励磁电流来调节主励旋转电枢的输出电流送至旋转整流盘转子绕组静止的永励副励磁机的电枢送出400Hz 的电源， 通过励磁电压调节器中的三相全控
2、桥式可控硅整流器形成可调的直流电源到交流励磁机的磁场绕组。通过控制全控桥整流器的导通角来调节交流励磁机的磁场电流，从而达到调节发电机励磁电流的目的。当 DAVR 故障时，由厂用电经工频手动励磁调节装置整流后提供。发电机励磁。工作原理发电机的励磁电流由交流励磁机经旋转整流盘整流后提供，交流励磁机的励磁电流则由永磁机经调节装置中的可控硅全控桥整流后提供，励磁电流的大小由自励磁调节装置进行自动或手动调节，以满足发电机运行工况的要求。2.3 无刷励磁系统特点2.3.1 励磁机与发电机同轴，电源独立，不受电力系统干扰2.3.2 没有滑环和电刷，根除了碳粉污染，噪音低，维护简单2.3.3 具备高起始、响应
3、持久、能有效地提高电力系统稳定性2.3.4 选扎整流盘设计合理、电流和电压余量大，运行可靠2.3.5 采用双重数字AVR、功能齐全、故障追忆功能强无刷励磁系统原理框图整流盘及电路整流盘采用双盘结构，一个正极盘，另一个负极盘。整流盘与转轴间绝缘可靠、固定合理，能承受各种短路力矩的冲击而不产生位移。电路接线是：励磁机电枢八个Y 支路中心点通过短路环连接在一起形成公共中心点，八个“Y”支路的出线则分别接一个全波整流桥，它们在直流侧正极性和负极性分别在一起，而后送发电机转子，可称为多支路直流侧并联接线方式，着接线方式可确保各“Y”支路旋转整流管之间均良好。每个“ Y”支路每整流臂有二个整流管，一个电容
4、器和一个保护电容器的小熔断器，它们组装为一体，称为整流组件。另外还有二个主熔断器，主熔断器的端面带有机械熔断器指示器，在电机运转时，当熔丝熔断后，这种指示器弹出，用同步频闪仪能观察到二极管和主熔断器的参数。主熔断器：电流670A 电压850V 二极管： R6LO40 型平板式元件电流 400A 反向峰压2000V 见图（二）2.4 数字式励磁电压调节器（DAVR） DAVR 采用进口三菱公司的用于无刷励磁系统的全双通道数字式励磁电压调节装置 MEC5230 、DAVR 按发电机机端和电网的工况自动地调整发电机的励磁，一旦发电机或励磁系统出现异常，可借助于多种限制功能单元，及时对异常工况限制或发
5、出切机信号，使机组脱离电网并灭磁！2.4.1 DAVR 主要性能： (a) 自动调节范围（恒电压模式）发电机空载工况：10%110%额定电压发电机负载工况：95%105%额定电压(b) 手动调节范围（恒磁场电流模式）发电机空载工况：10%110%额定电压发电机负载工况：允许达到110%发电机额定磁场电压（在额定负载和额定电压运行时）(c) 调压精度：1% (d) 采样固期： 20ms 2.4.2 DAVR 工作原理： DAVR 控制方式： DAVR 提供二种控制方式：发电机恒机端电压控制和恒励磁机磁场电流控制。(a) 发电机恒机端电压控制：这种方式与常规AVR 自动工作方式一样，通过控制发电机
6、的磁场电流使发电机的端电压与电压整定器（90k）的整定值相同，发电机端电压保持恒定值。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页4 / 10 (b) 恒磁场电流控制：这种方式相当于常规的手动工作。通过励磁机磁场电流反馈使发电机磁场电流保持恒定，从而达到发电机磁场电流恒定。工作：（ 1）恒电压控制：发电机机端电压和电流通过三相PT 和 CT，辅助 PT 和 CT 以及模拟式滤波器输入到A/D 转换器， A/D 转换器将模拟量转换为数字量，同时，幼功（P） 、无功 (Q)、端电压（ Vt）和电流（ Ia）通过计算机被检测。端电
7、压信号与电压整定器（90k）的偏差信号通过增益/相位补偿器和控制系统的可条节元件的限制功能级，触发脉冲发生级产生对应这信号的相控制脉冲，控制可控硅的输出。（ 2）恒磁场电流控制：手动电压整定器（70E）的整定值与通过A/D 转换所获得的磁场电流（If ）的偏差信号输出到触发脉冲输出级，产生对应这偏差的控制脉冲，控制可控硅的输出。在这控制环节中形成磁场电流的闭环控制，从而达到控制磁场电流在某一恒定值。3氢气系统3.1 氢气系统功能3.1.1 以 CO2 为中间介质，实现发电机气体置换。3.1.2 自动维持发电机内的氢压3.1.3 自动监测机内气体参数（氢压温度和纯度）及运行工况3.1.4 通过氢
8、气干燥器连干燥机内氢气，维持机内氢气低温度。3.2 系统简介：氢系统由运行和检测两部分组成正常运行时，纯度要求 95%，在额定氢压下机内允许湿度露点为-5（ 3.25g/m3）这可通过控制氢源湿度、润滑油含水量及发电机氢系统培植的氢气干燥器来保证。3.2.1 运行部分：供CO2、H2 装置、氢气压力控制装置充排氢阀门组、氢气干燥器等。3.2.2 检测部分、氢气纯度变送装置、浮子检漏计、发电机局部过热检测装置、氢油水工况检测柜等。3.3 氢气系统主要部件简介3.3.1 氢气干燥器：氢气干燥器为冷凝式干燥器。冷凝式干燥器是利用制冷机将氢气温度降低到-10 -15左右，使氢气中的水分饱和析出并可以霜
9、的形式凝结在蒸发器表面。当霜结到一定的程度时，需停机化霜。为了提高脱水效果，可用二台冷凝式干燥器并联运行，一台干燥，一台化霜，交替运行。3.3.2 发电机机内局部过热检测装置该装置的作用是监测机内是否有局部过热现，其基本原理是定子铁心表面和线棒表面的绝缘漆温度达到一定程度（约200）时，就会引起热分解，从而产生大量高浓度超微粒子。当粒子随氢流入该装置内离子室时，会被大量吸附，从而改变装置原先在正常情况下的输出电流，使之大大下降，从而发出报警信号，可及早发现事故隐患。3.3.3 液体检漏器液体检漏器是指装在发电机机壳和主出线盒下面的浮子控制开关，其可指示出发电机里可能存在的冷却器漏出或冷凝成的任
10、何液体。在机壳的底部，每端机壳端环上没有开口，将收集起的液体排到液体检漏器。3.3.4 发电机漏点检测3.3.4.1 发电机气密试验额定压力0.4mpa 时， 2.1 米/3 天L=0.0023VP/T 20时环境温度L发电机的泄露量单位：立方米/天V发电机容积单位：立方米P保压期间机内压力变化量单位：毫米水柱T保压时间单位：小时保压时间不少于4h 推荐为 24h 3.3.4.2 漏点、检测如果泄露量超过规定的限值，就应该用肥皂液拉开粉溶液或卤素检漏仪进行系统检查。一般肥皂液或拉开粉溶液用于初检，而卤素检漏仪用语精检。发电机和氢系统中凡有电气信号输入和输出以及有绝缘要求的部位，如接线端子、出线
11、瓷瓶及测温元件因出导线等不能用肥皂液检漏，而只能用卤素检漏仪检漏。拉开粉溶液精度高于肥皂液，相当于卤素检漏仪的末级精度，液体检精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页5 / 10 漏仪必须、在0.1Mpa 和额定氢压的压力下各做一次。卤素检漏仪检漏我厂采用日本东芝公司的HAL 8 型卤素检漏仪，灵敏度分六档，最高灵敏度档可测出卤素气体以百万分之一毫升每秒漏出时的泄露量；而取最低灵敏度档也可测出百万分之一毫升/秒的泄露量。发电机气密试验时里面充的空气，用卤素检漏仪漏前，发电机内必须充有氟利昂（F12）气体，本数量配比为70
12、 克/立方米，但F12 不能和 H2 混合，否则将是一种有毒的混合气体。卤素检漏仪重点、检测部位：机座端盖、出线盒、转子引线、管道、阀门、氢气干燥器和氢气纯度、检测变送装置等。4. 密封油系统4.1 功能特点： a 向密封瓦提供二个独立循环的密封油源，防止发电机内压力气体沿转轴逸出。b 保证密封油油压始终高于机内气体压力某一个规定值，并确保密封瓦内氢侧与空侧油压维持相等其差压限定在允许变动的范围之内。c 通过热交换器冷却密封油，从而带走因密封瓦与轴之间的摩擦损耗而产生的热量，确保瓦温与油温控制在要求的范围之内。d 通过滤波器去除油中杂物，保证密封油的清洁度。e 通过发电机消泡箱和氢侧回油控制箱
13、，释放掉溶于密封油中的饱和氢气。f 空侧油路有多路备用油源，以确保发电机安全连续运行。g 利用差压控制器，压力控制器及差压变送器等，自动监测密封油系统的运行。h 空氢侧各装有一套加热器，以保证密封油的运行油温始终保持于所要求的范围之中。i密封油系统大部分集中安装于一块底板中，便于运行巡检的维护。4.2 主要部件简介: 4.2.1 消泡箱从密封瓦氢侧出来的油先流入到消泡箱中，在那里气体得以从油中扩容逸出。消泡箱装于发电机下半端盖中，通过直管溢流装置，使箱中的油位不至于过高。消泡箱汽励端各装有一个，在他们之间的连接管道上装有-U 形管，以防二侧风扇差压不一致使油烟在发电机内循环流动。4.2.2 密
14、封油泵氢空侧、交直流、共四台、螺杆式恒流泵。4.2.3 密封油备用油源空侧：第一备用气轮机高压备用油源。第二备用空侧直流备用泵和第三备用气轮机低压润滑油源氢侧：当交流泵两端压降下降到0.035MPa 时，报警并自动起动直流备用油泵，使氢侧密封油压恢复正常。4.2.4 冷油器由于密封油空、氢侧各自独立，因此冷油器也分开关- 均为卧式管壳型，内部为浮动式管板结构，壳侧通热油，管侧通冷却水。5. 定子水冷系统5.1 系统的特点及功能简介：5.1.1 采用冷却水通过定子线圈空心导线，将定子线圈损耗产生的热量带出发电机。5.1.2 用水冷却器带走冷却水从定子线圈吸取的热量。5.1.3 系统中没有过滤器以
15、除去水中的杂质。5.1.4 用旁路式离子交换器对冷却水进行软化，控制其电导率。5.1.5 使用监测仪表及报警器件等设备对冷却水的电导率、流量、压力及温度等进行连续的监控。5.1.6 具有定子线圈反冲洗功能，提高定子线圈冲洗效果。5.1.7 水系统中的所有管道及与线圈冷却水接触的元器件均采用抗腐蚀材料。5.2 系统主要部件简介5.2.1 水箱：是闭路循环水系统中的一个储水容器，定子线圈的出水首先进入水箱，回水中如含有微量的氢气可在水箱内释放。当水箱内气压高于一定值时，可通过水箱上的安全阀自动排气。水箱装有液位控制器用于自动控制补水以保持箱内正常的液位水平及对过高或过低的液位发出报警，水箱上还配有
16、玻璃管液位计，用精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页6 / 10 以目测观察水箱液位水箱为带氢设备？因为由于少量高压氢气可渗过聚四氟乙烯绝缘引水管而进入定子水系统中，最终汇集于水箱上部。水箱内还装有蒸气加热装置，以便在机组升压和投入运行之前对定子线圈内部的循环水进行加热，从而杜绝线圈表面结露现象的产生。加热蒸气为电厂杂用蒸气压0.81.3Mpa，温度约320 ，水箱检修完毕后，需做水压试验。5.2.2 水泵The structural characteristics of the diesel generator b
17、rushless excitation, work, works The structural characteristics of the brushless excitation, work, works. of the adjustment process of the generator excitation current from the exciter - SCR - AVR regulator - as the main exciter stator excitation current - to regulate the output current of the rotat
18、ing armature of the main Reed - sent to the rotating rectifier plate - rotor winding The Wing Lai, vice static exciter armature send the 400Hz power, the excitation voltage regulator in the three-phase full-controlled bridge thyristor rectifier to the formation of an adjustable DC power to AC excite
19、r field winding. Adjusted by controlling the conduction angle of the full-controlled bridge rectifier to the AC exciter field current, so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the generator excitation current. When DAVR failure by the Auxiliary power frequency manually excitation conditioning rect
20、ifier. Generator excitation. Working principle After rotating rectifier consolidation flow generator excitation current from the AC exciter AC exciter excitation current of the SCR by the permanent magnet machine by adjusting device to provide full-controlled bridge rectifier, the size of the excita
21、tion current from the self-excitation The adjustment device automatic or manual adjustment, to meet the requirements of the generator operating conditions. 2.3 brushless excitation system features 2.3.1 exciter and generator coaxial, power independent of the power system interference 2.3.2 there is
22、no slip rings and brushes, the eradication of toner pollution, low noise, simple maintenance 2.3.3 have a high initial response lasting, and can effectively improve power system stability 2.3.4 election tie rectifier plate design is reasonable, current and voltage margin and reliable operation 2.3.5
23、 using the dual digital AVR, full-featured failure recall function Brushless excitation system block diagram Rectifier plate and the circuit Rectifier plate using double-disc structure, a cathode plate, and the other negative plate. Reliable insulation between the rectifier plate with the shaft, a f
24、ixed and reasonable, and able to withstand the impact of a variety of short-circuit torque without displacement. The circuit wiring: excitation armature eight Y slip the center of the shorting rings connected together to form a public center point, eight Y slip of the outlet, respectively, then a fu
25、ll-wave bridge rectifier, the DC side of positive polarity and negative together, and then sent to the generator rotor, known as the the multidrop DC side parallel wiring, the wiring to ensure that each Y branch rotating rectifier were good. Each Y slip each rectifier arm two rectifier, a capacitor
26、and a capacitor fuse protection, they are assembled into one, called a rectifier component. There are also two main fuse, the end of the main 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页7 / 10 fuse with a mechanical fuse indicators, in the operation of the motor, when the fuse blows, th
27、is indicator pops up, can be observed with a synchronized stroboscope diode and the main The parameters of the fuse. Main fuse: current 670A voltage 850V Diode: R6LO-40 tablet component current of 400A Reverse peak pressure 2000V Figure (b) 2.4 Digital Excitation voltage regulator (DAVR) DAVR for im
28、ported Mitsubishi brushless excitation system of the full dual-channel digital excitation voltage to regulate device MEC5230, the DAVR to automatically adjust the generator the generator side and grid conditions excitation generator or excitation system abnormalities, may be by means of a variety of
29、 restrictions functional unit, in a timely manner restrictions on the abnormal conditions or the issue of the signal of the cutting machine, the unit from the power grid and deexcitation! 2.4.1 DAVR performance: (a) automatically adjust the range (constant voltage mode) Generator no-load conditions:
30、 10% 110% rated voltage The generator load conditions: 95% 105% rated voltage (B) Manual adjustment range (constant magnetic field of the current mode) Generator no-load conditions: 10% 110% rated voltage Generator load conditions: allowing to reach 110% of generator rated field voltage at rated loa
31、d and rated voltage operation (C) The voltage regulation accuracy: 1% (D) sample of solid: 20ms 2.4.2 DAVR works: DAVR control mode: DAVR provide two kinds of control mode: the generator terminal voltage constant machine control and constant exciter field current control. (A) The generator constant
32、terminal voltage control: in this way with the conventional AVR automatically work like generator terminal voltage and the voltage setting (90k) by controlling the generator field current setting value, the generator terminal voltage to maintain a constant value. (B) the constant magnetic field curr
33、ent control: in this way is equivalent to a conventional manual work. Feedback to the generator field current through the exciter field current is kept constant so as to achieve a constant generator field current. Work: (1) constant voltage control: Generator terminal voltage and current through the
34、 three-phase PT and CT, auxiliary PT and CT as well as analog filter input to the A / D converter, the A / D converter will convert analog to digital at the same time, young power (P ), reactive power (Q), the terminal voltage (Vt) and current (Ia) to be detected by computer. Error signal of the ter
35、minal voltage signal and the voltage setting (90k) through the limiting level of gain / phase compensator and control system components of the Article section, the trigger pulse level to produce the corresponding signal of the control pulse, control SCR outputs. (2) constant magnetic field current c
36、ontrol: The setting value of the manual voltage setting (70E) and the error signal output by the A / D converter to obtain the magnetic field current (If) to the trigger pulse output stage to produce the corresponding deviation of the control pulse to control the output of the SCR. Form a closed-loo
37、p control of the magnetic field current in the control link to achieve the control field current at a constant value. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页8 / 10 3. 3.1 The hydrogen system function of the hydrogen system 3.1.1 CO2 as the intermediate medium to achieve the replace
38、ment of generator gas. 3.1.2 automatically maintain the hydrogen pressure within the generator 3.1.3 Automatic gas monitoring machine parameters (temperature and purity of the hydrogen pressure) and operating conditions 3.1.4 The hydrogen gas dryer with dryer, hydrogen, hydrogen low temperature to m
39、aintain machine. 3.2 Introduction: the hydrogen system to normal operation from two parts of the operation and testing, purity 95% rated hydrogen pressure inside the machine to allow humidity, dew point -5 C ( 3.25g/m3) through control of hydrogen Source humidity, oil water content and the generator
40、 hydrogen system propagated hydrogen dryer to ensure 3.2.1 running parts: for CO2, H2, devices, hydrogen pressure control device filling and emptying the hydrogen valve group, hydrogen dryer, etc. 3.2.2 detection part, the hydrogen purity transmitter device, float Leak meter generators to local over
41、heating detection device, hydrogen, oil and water work condition detection cabinet. 3.3 the main components of the hydrogen system Introduction 3.3.1 hydrogen dryer: hydrogen dryers condensation dryer. Condensing dryer is chillers will reduce the hydrogen temperature to about -10 -15 to make the hyd
42、rogen in water-saturated precipitation and frost in the form of condensation in the evaporator surface. When the cream bind to a certain extent, need to stop defrost. Order to improve the dehydration effect can be used two sets of condensing dryers operating in parallel, one dry, one of cream, alter
43、nating run. 3.3.2 generator local overheating detection device The role of the device is monitoring machine, whether local overheating now, the basic principle is that the surface of the stator core and wire rod surface, insulating paint temperature reaches a certain level (about 200 C), can cause t
44、hermal decomposition, resulting in a large number of high concentration ultrafine particles. Particles with the hydrogen into the plasma chamber of the device, a large number of adsorption, in order to change the devices original output current under normal circumstances, declined significantly, to
45、an alarm signal, early detection of potential accidents. 3.3.3 Liquid Leak Detector Liquid leak detector is installed in the generator casing and the main outlet box following the float control switch, may direct any liquid that may exist in the generator cooler leakage or condensation into. At the
46、bottom of the chassis, each end of the chassis on the side ring opening will be collected from the liquid discharged to the liquid leak detector. 3.3.4 generator leak detection 3.3.4.1 Generator airtight test rated pressure 0.4mpa 2.1 m / 3 days L = 0.0023VP / T 20 C ambient temperature L - generato
47、r disclosure of the amount units: cubic meters / day V - generator volume: cubic meters P - pressure pressure change during machine unit: mm water column T - Packing Unit: Hour Dwell time is not less than the 4h recommendation for the 24h 3.3.4.2 leak, detection If disclosure of the amount exceeding
48、 the prescribed limits, it should be opened with soap powder solution or halogen leak detector system checks. General soap or Nekal solution for the initial 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页9 / 10 inspection, the term fine halogen leak inspection. Where the electrical signal
49、input and output generators and hydrogen systems and insulation requirements of the site, such as terminals, outlet vases and temperature measurement devices, the wire can not leak with soap, but only using the halogen leak check leakage. Opened powder solution accuracy is better than soap, which is
50、 equivalent to the final stage of the accuracy of the halogen leak detectors, liquid leak detector must do each time under the pressure of 0.1Mpa and rated hydrogen pressure. Halogen leak detector leak I plant with Japans Toshiba Corp. HAL-8 halogen leak detector, the sensitivity of a six-speed, hig