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1、学习必备欢迎下载语法复习二、主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important
2、 for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意：由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如： What I bought werethree English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 2、由连接词and或 both and 连接起来的合
3、成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意： 若 and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如： The writer and artist has come. ; / 由 and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more th
4、an a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如： Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it. 3、 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, toge
5、ther with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4、 either, neither, each, every 或 no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 注意：在口语中当either 或
6、 neither 后跟有“ of+复数名词（或代词） ”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如： None of us has (have) been to America. 5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 如： He is one of my friends who are working hard. / H
7、e is the only one of my friends who isworking hard. 6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载词就用复数形式。这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a
8、monitor. 注意： people, police, cattle 等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7、由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数 +名词”构成的短语作主语， 其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. /
9、 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数； the number of“ 的数量”，主语是 number，谓语用单数。8、 在倒装句中， 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall aremany pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts. （二） 逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有
10、时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数， 主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其
11、谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book. 4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. 5、 算式中表示数目 （字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 6、一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如： mat
12、hematics, politics, physics 以及 news, works 等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如： The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isnt easy to study. 7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of 等量词修饰时， 谓语动词用单数。 如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes
13、under the bed is his. 8、 “定冠词the + 形容词或分词” ，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2
14、 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right? 2、there be 句型 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 注意：Here 引导的句子用法同上。练习：主谓一致1.I, who_ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. A.am B.is C.are D.be
15、2. The rich _ not always happy. A.are B.is C.has D.have 3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students. A.are B.am C.is D.was 4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China. A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study 5. Neither my father nor I _ at home. A.am B.is C.are D.be 6. Not only my
16、 brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters., A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is 7. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party. A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like 8. Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants. A.was B.is C. would be D.are 9. The populatio
17、n of China _ larger than that of .any other country in the world. A.is B.are C.has D.have 10. Every means _ tried but without any result. A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been 11. Alice, together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule. A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. be
18、ing punished 12. The League secretary and the monitor_ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon. A.is B.was C.are D.is being 13. The great writer and professor_. A. is an old man B. are both old men C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese 14. There _ a pen, two pencils and three book
19、s on the desk. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载A.are B.is C.has D.have 15. A large number of students in our class_ girls. A. are B. was C. is D. be 16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _ much if people leave things as they are. A. doesn t change B.do
20、nt change C.change D.changed 17. The Arabian Nights _ well known to the English. A. is B. are C. was D. were 18. Chairman Mao s works _ published. A. has been B.have been C.was D.is 19. A chemical works_ built there. A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been 20. The Olympic Games _ held every
21、 _ years. A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five 21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world. A.is B.are C.was D.were 22.He is the only one of die students who _ elected. A. are B.have C.has D.is 23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.
22、 A.have B.has C. have been D.has been 24.Many a man _ come to help us. A.have B.has C.is D.are 25.All_ present and all_ going on well, our monitor said. A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are 26. The police _ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were se
23、arching for C. are searching for D. were searching 27.Your trousers_ dirty.You must have_ washed. A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them 28.This pair of trouseis _ too long for him. A.is B.be C.are D.were 29. One and a half bananas _ left on the table. A.is B.are C.has D.have 30. Eight times eight _
24、sixty - four.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载A.is B.are C.get D.equal 31 .Ten minutes_ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes 32._of the money_ nm out. A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-f
25、ifths; have 33. The whole class _ the teacher attentively. A. are listening to B. is listening to C.are listening D. is listening 34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which_ more difficult. A.is B.are C.was D.were 35. Between the two rows of trees _ the teaching building. A.stand
26、 B.stands C. standing D.are 36. Large quantities of water _ for irrigation. A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need 37. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all. A. is B.was C.are D.all 38.What we need_ good textbooks. A.is B.are C.have D.has 39. What you said just now_
27、the matter we are discussing. A.have something to at B. has something to do with C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with 40. More than one member _ against the plan. A. is B.are C.has D.have 41. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. has not decided B. is not decided C.
28、 are not decided D. have not decided 42. Half of the fruit _ bad. A. are B. has C. is D. have 43. _ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is 44. Mathematics _ the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - -
29、- - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载45. My family _ small. A. is B. were C. are D. makes 46. The following _ some other examples. A. are B. is C. was D. were 47. They both have some friends; but his _ more active. A. is B. will be C. was D. are 48. Both rice and wheat _ grown in that country. A. is B. are C
30、. was D. has 49. Early to bed and early to rise _ a good habit. A. are B. is C. were D. was 50. To play basketball and to go swimming _ useful for character-training. A. was B. is C. are D. were 51. Either he or I _ to attend the mass meeting this evening. A. is B. am C. are D. be 52. _ either he or
31、 I to attend the mass meeting this evening. A. is B. am C. are D. be 53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, _ to be built here. A. are B. were C. is D. will 54. She as well as her brother _ a League member. A. are B. were C. will D. is 55. His family _ a big one. Now the family
32、_ watching TV. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 56. It is I who _ going to attend the meeting tomorrow. A. is B. am C. are D. be 57. More than 60% of the students _ the countryside. A. is B. are C. is from D. are from 58. Many a man _ the novel. A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are
33、read 59. Tom is the only one of the students who _ going to swim this afternoon. A. is B. was C. are D. were 60. Here _ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you. A. are B. is C. was D. were 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载参考答案语法复习二：主谓一致15 AAACA 610 CBDAD 1115 ACABA 1620 AABDB 2125 ADCBC 2630 BCAAA 3135 ACAAB 3640 CABBA 4145 BCCCA 4650 ADBBC 5155 BACDA 5660 BDAAB 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页