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1、学习必备欢迎下载高三英语总复习之句子系列复习（4）状 语 从 句一、常见状语从句简介概说：由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。（一）时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (
2、 或 the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. He started as soon as he received the news. Once you see him, you will never forget him. No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep. （二）原因状语
3、从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that （既然）等， for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。e.g. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position. As it is raining, I will not go out. Now that you mention it, I do remember. （三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和 wherever 等。e.g. Sit wherev
4、er you like. Make a mark where you have a question. （四）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case （以防，以免）等。e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early in case he should miss the
5、train. （五）结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词） , so that, such that等引导。e.g. She was ill, so that she didn t attend the meeting.He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her. （六）条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话
6、者看来不大可能实现的事情） 条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有 if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if ) 。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用 whether 替换。e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch. You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. So far as I know （据我所知） , he will be away f
7、or three months. You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don t go too far away from the river bank.If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载（七）让步状语从句让步状语从句可由although, though , as, even if (though), howev
8、er, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot. Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I ll never change my mind.（八）方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than 等引导。e.g. You must do t
9、he exercise as I show you. He acted as if nothing had happened. （九）比较状语从句比较状语从句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引导。e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have. He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. The busier he is, the happier he feels. （十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件 （有时也在方式、让
10、步等） 从句中， 主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. We ll go outing if it doesn t rain tomorrow.I ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it） ，从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“ 主语 + be” 部分。e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night. If (you are) aske
11、d you may come in. If (it is) necessary I ll explain to you again.3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。e.g. You are to find it where you left it. （地点状语从句）Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）I don t know where he came from.（宾语从句）Where he has gone is not known yet. （
12、主语从句）This place is where they once hid. （表语从句）二、状语从句考点透视笔者根据近年高考试题，将状语从句的考点作了较为全面的归纳，让考生在复习备考时，明确状语从句在高考中究竟考什么、怎样考。考点一：时间状语从句1. when ,while ,as 的用法：when 意为“当 /在时，每当” ；while 意为“在期间” ，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词；as 意为“一边一边，随着”，动词通常为动作动词。如：（1）He transplanted the little tree to the garden _it was the best time for it
13、 . A. where B. when C. that D. until 解析：选B，when 引导时间状语从句，句意为：在最合适的时候，他将小树移植了。（2）-I ，m going to the post office. -_ you re there ,can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载解析 : 虽然 as和 while 都可表示“在期间”，但 as要与动作动词连用，而本题的“
14、are there”是状态，不是动作，只能用while，故选 B。2. before 的用法：before 的本意为“在之前” ，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就，趁着还没就，不知不觉就，才”等。如：（3）The American Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end . A. after B. before C. when D. then 解析：美国内战“在北方获胜之前”延续了四年，故选B。（4）Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they
15、 hung up _ I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. before 解析：选D，句意为：有人半夜打来电话，但是我还没来得及接，对方就挂了电话。3until 和 till 的用法：与肯定式的主句连用，主句谓语必须是延续性动词，till/ until 表示 “直到” ；与否定式的主句连用，且主句谓语是结束性动词时，till/ until 表示“直到才”。如：（5）We were told we should follow the main road_ we reached the central railway. A. wh
16、enever B. until C. while D. wherever 解析：选B，句意为：有人告诉我们，我们应当沿着这条主道往前走，直走到中心火车站。（6）-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school ? -Yes .He had never praised him_ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 解析：选C，句意为：直到他成为全级最优秀的学生，他父亲才表扬他。4表示“一就”的四类从
17、属连词：as soon as= the moment(that); = the minute(that ); = the second(that); = the instant(that ); = immediately(that); = directly(that); = instantly(that); = no soonerthan; = hardly when.如：(7) Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her ? Yes ,I gave it to her I saw her. Awhile B. the moment
18、 C. suddenly D. once 解析：选B，句意是“我一看见她就还给她了”，故选 B。虽然 once 也可表示“一就”但含有很强的条件意味，即“一旦”，不合语境。5可引导时间状语从句的time 短语：every time, each time, (the) next time, (the)last time, by the time, the first time, any time等以 time 结尾的短语可引导从句。如：（8）I thought her nice and honest I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C
19、. the first time D. by the first time 解析：选项中只有the first time 可引导时间状语从句，故选C。6It be since/before/when 句型：“ It be +时间段 +since”表示“自从以来有多久了”，但若从句谓词是延缓性动词时，则意为“（多久）不做了” ；“ It be +时间段 +before”表示“过之后才”，若 be 是否定式，则表示“没过就”。“ It be +时间点 + before”表示“在之前，时间是”。“ It be +时间点 +when”表示“当时，时间是”。如：（9）It is almost five
20、years we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when 解析：由句意“我们自上次见面以来已经五年了”可知选B。其中 it is 也可说成 it has been. （10） That was really a splendid evening .It s years I enjoyed myself so much. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载Awhen B. that C. before D. since
21、 解析：在it 后是 is ,从句谓语是一般过去时，应用since，故选 D；enjoy 是延缓性动词，表示“多年没这么快乐过了”。（11） It was some time we realize the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before 解析：由句意“过了一段时间之后，我们才了解事情的真相”可知用before，故选 D。（12） It was evening reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before 解析：由句意“我们在到达Winch
22、ester 这个小镇之前，天就黑夜了”可知用before，故选 D。（13） Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight o ，clock he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until 解析：由句意“ （当）他回来时，还不到8 点”可知用when，故选 B。考点二：地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where(在的地方 )或 wherever(在的任何地方)等。如：（14） The famous scientist grew up he was bo
23、rn and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever 解析：表示“在他出生的地方”，用 where 引导地点状语从句，故选C。考点三：条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if ,unless(=if not 如果不，除非)， as/so long as ,while(=as long as 只要)，supposing(that),provided/providing(that),in case( 假使 )，on condition that( 在的条件下)等。如：（15） The WTO c
24、annot live up to its name it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though 解析： 选 C，句意是 “如果 WTO 不包括一个占人类五分之一人口的国家，那么世贸组织也就名不符实了。”另外， as long as 表示惟一条件，语气过重。（16） It is known to all that you exercise regularly, you won t keep good health. A
25、. unless B. whenever C. although D. if 解析：由句意“如果你不经常锻炼，你就没有好的身体”可知用unless，故选 A。(17) I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While 解析：选C，句意为：只要我知道这引起钱是安全的，我就不担心了。考点四：目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that , in order that (为了，以便 )；in case(以防，以免 )，lest(免得，以防
26、 )，for fear that( 以免，惟恐 )等。从句中一般含有can , could, may, might ,will, would等情态动词。如：（18） I d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea. A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 解析：选D，句意为：为了有时间喝杯茶，我想早到20 分钟。（19） I always take something to read when I go to the doctor s I ha
27、ve to wait. A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if 解析：去看病时带些读物，显然是“以防万一”需要久等时好阅读，故选A。考点五：原因状语从句精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because, since, now (that), when(既然 ), as, seeing (that)( 由于 ), considering (that), given (that)( 考虑到 )等。如：（20） Parents sh
28、ould take seriously their children s requests for sunglasses eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. A. because B. though C. unless D. if 解析：“艳阳天里有必要保护眼睛”是“父母亲应该认真对待孩子们买太阳镜的要求”的原因，故选A。（21）everybody knows about it ,I don t want to talk any more. A. For B. Even C. Since D. However 解析：答案是C。句意是：既然
29、大家都了解此事，我就不多说了。（22）you ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. ANow that B. After C. Although D. As soon as 解析：选A，句意为：既然你有机会，你不妨充分利用它。（23） Why do you want a new job you ve got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when 解析：选D，句意为：既然你有了这么好的一份工作，干吗不要找新的工作呢？考点六：让步状语从句引导让步
30、状语从句的从属连词有although, though, as, while( 虽然 ), even if/though( 即使 ), whether or(不论不管还是)以及“疑问词 +ever”和“ no matter +疑问词”等。如：（24），he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a st
31、udent 解析： as 引导让步状语从句时，表语、状语等要置于句首；当表语是单数名词前时，前面的不定冠词通常省略，故选。（25）I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 解析：由句意“尽管我承认他并不十全十美，但我的确喜欢他”可知用While （尽管），故选 A。（26） There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, she was an only child. A. ever
32、since B. now that C. even though D. even as 解析：选C，句意是：尽管Kate 是独生女，但她从未感到孤独。（27） -Dad, I ve finished my assignment. -Good, and you play or watch TV, you mustn t disturb me. A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter 解析：选B，句意是：不管你玩还是看电视，你千万不要打扰我。（28） He tried his best to solve the problem, diffic
33、ult it was. Ahowever B. no matter C. whatever D. although 解析：因difficult 是形容词，修饰形容词要用连接副词however（不管多么） ，故选 A。注：英语中，表示“虽然，尽管”之类的连词不可与表示“但是”的词but 和副词however 等连用，但可与 yet ,still 等连用。如：（29） Although he is considered a great writer, . A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read C.
34、 however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载解析： although 不与 but 或 however 连用， 排除 B 和 C；虽可与 still 连用， 但 still 应放在 are 之后， 排除 D；故选 A。考点七：状语从句的连词这是状语从句最常见的考查形式，命题意图是检测考生对逻辑关联词的实际运用能力。近年来考查的热点聚焦于：1). 引导时间状
35、语从句的when, while, as, before, until, since ；引导条件状语从句的unless, once；引导地点状语从句的where 以及引导目的(或结果 )状语从句的so that等这些普通连词。2). 引导时间状语从句的the moment , immediately ；引导条件状语从句的in case；引导原因状语从句的now (that) 和引导让步状语从句的even if，even though 等这些特殊连词。例如： . It was some time _ we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since
36、D. before . - Why didn t you tell him about the meeting? - He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after 简析：before 表明主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词之间的先后关系，有“在以前” , “没来得及就”， “不等就”的意思(如句 ) ；句考查的是句型It + be + 时间段+ before.( 过了 /要过若干时间某人才做某事)。 . _ you tried it, you can t imagine how p
37、leasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When 简析： unless 意为“除非，若不” ，相当于if not。 . If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where 简析：句中where the customs are really foreign to your own 是地点状语从句，in which 用于引导定语
38、从句，因而不选A 项。 . I d like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 简析：句中so that（以便）引导的是目的状语从句。 . You d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor _ you have to wait. A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that
39、 简析：句中in case（以防万一）引导的是条件状语从句。 . - Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? - Yes , I gave it to her _ I saw her . A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 简析： the moment （一就）引导时间状语从句，与as soon as immediately 相同。 . There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely , _ she was an only ch
40、ild. A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as 简析： even though she was an only child （尽管她是独生子女）是让步状语从句。考点八：状语从句的时态主要考查1). 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的时间。2). when, before , after 引导的从句的动作与主句动作的先后关系。例如： . - What could you do if it _ tomorrow? - We have to carry it on , since we ve got everythi
41、ng ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining . When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载A. started; had already hidden B. had started ; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D
42、. was starting ; hid 简析：若主从句的动作先后发生在过去，通常先发生的用过去完成时。before, after 本身已能表达动作的先后关系，所以主从句的动作都可用一般过去时。考点九：状语从句的强调主要考查如何强调not until 引导的时间状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句。例如：It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. A. when B. that C. where D. before 简析：强调句的基本结构是It is/was +被强调部分 +that/w
43、ho. 要判断一个句子是不是强调句，可以把It is/was . that/who. 去掉，适当调整语序，如果句子完整，那一定是强调句。not until. 句型的强调句形式为 It was not until . that. 。考点十：状语从句的成分省略主要考查在时间、条件、原因、让步、方式等状语从句中的成分省略问题或根据省略情况解决问题的能力。例如： . The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. beg
44、un . While watching television, _ . A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 简析：句中once begun 实际上就是once it is begun 的省略形式。解答句时要考虑到状语从句成分省略的前提条件，那就是：主从句主语相同，且从句中含有be 动词，因此我们可从watching television 判断出主从句的主语都应是we ，再由 rings 的形式错误排除D。考点十一：状语从句的
45、语气这方面近年来较少考查。内容包括：1). as if /as though 从句、wish 引导的宾语从句以及If only.（但愿， 要是就好了）句子的虚拟情况：用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。2). if 引导的非真实条件句。例如： . When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 简析：从句子提供的语境看来，笔并没有真的折断，因此从句应用虚拟语气。由于主从句
46、动作是同时发生的，因而选项C 是正确答案。 . You didn t let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didn t get B. drove; wouldn t get C. were driving; wouldn t get D. had driven; wouldn t have got考点十二：状语从句或主句的语序一般情况下，引导状语从句的连词应放在从句之首，其后用陈述句语序。但要注意以下几种倒装情况：1. “only + 状语从句”位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。例如： Only when
47、the war was over _ to his hometown. A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned. C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return 2. not until 从句被提到句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。例如： Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers r
48、ealize B. the villagers realized 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize 3. 表示“一就”的两个常见结构“no sooner than.”和“ hardly.when.” ，当 no sooner 和“hardly 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，且用过去完成时态。例如： - Did Linda see the traffic accident? - N
49、o, no sooner _ than it happened. A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone 4. so/such.that（ 如 此 以 致 ） 结 构 中 ， so 或such 位 于 句 首 加 强 语 气 时 ， 主 句 用 部分倒装语序。例如： So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to asked Tom for advice. A. I did find B. did I find C. I have fo
50、und D. have I found 简析：该句的正常语序是I found it so difficult to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice . 5. as 引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。被提前的部分可以是从句的表语、状语或动词原形。若被前置的表语是单数名词时，须省略冠词。例如：. _, Carolina couldn t get the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she