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1、1 / 9 roduction and prevention and cure of the crack of skyscraper Along with the speeding of town house construction step, not a few areas with small residences set up one after another, many inhabitants move continuously into the new residence, their quality to housing request is more and more hig
2、h, particularly pay attention to very much to some cracks circumstances which sprinkle building plank to appear now, worry these cracks aring end will cause insecurity trouble, but in succession to building quality direct the section hurl tell. Such as once the some city develop a company to set up
3、6 layers of floor residence 16 totally, constructing area about 100,000 square meters, the brick mixs structure, the beginning repairs, one steps 2 box off with the brick wall, each ones establishing a turn of beam together building plank is togetherwhole to sprinkle, the plank thick 100 mms, concre
4、te mark number is C20, house long about with 80-90 ms, dont establish flexible sew, first floor is the 2.2 m garage layer, the C20 reinforcing bar cage of the foundation adoption infuses to note a stake.Its small areas turn to complete work in October,2003, finishing construction acceptance, didnt d
5、iscover obvious crack, discover the building plank appears crack when the inhabitant repair, past jointly to quality direct the section hurl tell, through step to see on the spot, 16 houses all exist the depth different crack.The crack width is between the 0.2 mms mms-0.4ses, the great majority of t
6、he crack position is placed in plank four Capes, the dynasty sun is more obvious.Hence, the Superintendent office of quality concerned, sinking to decline quantity and inclination degree to carry on a reexamination to the house first, result all in allow the scope, again look into construction diagr
7、am paper to also match to request concerning the norm.Owing to above-mentioned circumstance, pass by hard analytical, the confirmation crack reason has the following what time: 1, cause now main reason of sprinkling the plank crack is the constringency of concrete, the concrete is in the nature the
8、hardening the process, because water evaporates continuously, but the physical volume gradual constringency, but the plank is on all sides to be subjected to a stipulation of, cant flex freely, so when the constringency of concrete cause to sprinkle knothole stipulation now should the dint exceed ce
9、rtain limit, certanly will cause to sprinkle plank to open crack now.And the crack part take place much at should the dint more concentrated Cape in the place-plank, but is mutually perpendicular with the Overcast angle line of wall 2, construct too early on the cast-in-place board , add and carry o
10、n ones shoulder or back the crack caused. norm of inspection of quality of structural construction of concrete stipulates , before the concrete intensity reaches 1.2N/mm2, cant trample or install template and support on it . But developer , for race against time , catch up with progress , or concret
11、e at , congeal and congeal stage after all for the first time still in water at the good cast-in-place board just, take up the post of purpose to trample, carry the material , concentrate on piling up fragment of brick , mortar , 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页2 / 9 template
12、 ,etc. Premature adding and is carried on ones shoulder or back, has caused the crack of cast-in-place board artificially. 3, the crack which the temperature change causes. As everybody knows, the cement condenses and hardens fast at room temperature, the characteristic such as being great of heat o
13、f hydration, especially in summer, after the concrete is built, the release amount of the heat of hydration is great, the concrete is under the high temperature, cant get and water maintenance in time , and desiccate and shrink, make concrete take place dry to split , result in fracturing finally. I
14、nvestigation find in the majority board corner crack in , tan by the sun towards the front directly the sun. 4, the house is crossed too long to set up the essential expansion joint , is the reason which causes the crack too. The developer is in order to save the land, often take the length of the h
15、ouse into account , make the house whole too long, set up expansion joint either, because of lack essential expansion joint, freedom flexible degree in house reach or exceed should set up interval that expansion joint require , will present the crack too. 5, the board is defeated by the muscle and s
16、unk in the crack produced . In the course of constructing, because constructors operate barbarously, trample the reinforcing bar arbitrarily , cause and shoulder the muscle and sink, the antiabrasion layer is too big, reduce the sectional effective height of the board, make the bearing capacity of t
17、he board unable to reach the requirement of ones that design, thus cause the production of the crack of board. Effective height, make the bearing capacity of the board unable to reach the requirement of ones that design, thus cause the production of the crack of board. How to prevent and cure the pr
18、oduction of the board crack of cast-in-place board, according to the construction experience for many years, offer some following prevention measures, suitable for consulting : 1, Do well cast-in-place board maintain , work , guarantee concrete intensity , prevent and cure important link that crack
19、produce one of conscientiously. The norm stipulates , must cover and keep maintenance warm in 12 hours after the concrete is built at room temperature, ordinary cement is no less than 7 days, if the one that ignored to concrete watered maintenance, on one hand it reduce concrete intensity, on the ot
20、her hand it make concrete to be in the course of hardening too late to supplement the moisture, therefore lack water and produce the crack in a large amount. So do a good job of watering maintenance of concrete , can already reduce the crack that temperature produces , can also reduce the crack that
21、 the concrete shrink and produce . 2, cast-in-place board dont pass morning people , pile material , He Shi load , because concrete have a sclerosis course build , just have intensity。 In this course , should maintain the concrete , cant exert any external force to the concrete . In a situation that
22、 the concrete has not had certain intensity yet , concentrate on , pile up construction material or prop up mould stand , rest on it, that brought the cast-in-place board is not intensity like this, but more cracks. So, must make sure that just allow to trample or install template and support on it
23、after the concrete intensity reaches 1.2N/mm2. 3, shoulder thickness of antiabrasion layer of the muscle the strict control panel . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页3 / 9 Cast-in-place board shoulder muscle put , on board , have roof beam according to designing requirement thr
24、ough generally put on reinforcing bar of roof beam or stay with reinforcing bar lashing of roof beam cut off ,. For control good to shoulder muscle antiabrasion layer thickness , must adopt 10 - 14 reinforcing bar horse stool, vertical-horizontal interval 800mm come fixed position to shoulder muscle
25、 from side to side, and with electric welding horse with shoulder muscle weld firm stool, make horse to be stool while the concrete builds non-wiping, guarantee , shoulder muscle sink, control , shoulder muscle thickness of antiabrasion layer effectively , make board shoulder muscle antiabrasion lay
26、er cross thick producing cracking. 4, control good sand , stone in a foot-path and mud content strictly. The thick sand in the cast-in-place board should be selected for use, a stone of foot-path between 0.25-0.5mm, the mud content of grit cant exceed 1% . Sand, stone grains of foot-path careful and
27、 too light, mud content too big, will reduce concrete intensity, will make the concrete produce the crack finally. 5, dispose certain amounts of angle muscles in four corners of the board , radiate the muscle . Take place in board corner phenomenon this more to cast-in-place board crack, corner set
28、up all around in boardThe length radiates the muscle for about 1800mm, so as to meet demands of angle stress of the board, the stress sphere of action of making the cast-in-place board produce the crack conforms with radiation muscle, thus change and control the production of the crack effectively f
29、orced concrete structure reinforced with an overviewRein Since the reform and opening up, with the national economys rapid and sustained development of a reinforced concrete structure built, reinforced with the development of technology has been great. Therefore, to promote the use of advanced techn
30、ology reinforced connecting to improve project quality and speed up the pace of construction, improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and is of great significance. Reinforced steel bars connecting technologies can be divided into two broad categories linking welding machinery and steel. There are
31、six types of welding steel welding methods, and some apply to the prefabricated plant, and some apply to the construction site, some of both apply. There are three types of machinery commonly used reinforcement linking method primarily applicable to the construction site. Ways has its own characteri
32、stics and different application, and in the continuous development and improvement. In actual production, should be based on specific conditions of work, working environment and technical requirements, the choice of suitable methods to achieve the best overall efficiency. 1、 steel mechanical link 精选
33、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页4 / 9 1.1 radial squeeze link Will be a steel sleeve in two sets to the highly-reinforced Department with superhigh pressure hydraulic equipment (squeeze tongs along steel sleeve radial squeeze steel casing, in squeezing out tongs squeeze pressur
34、e role of a steel sleeve plasticity deformation closely integrated with reinforced through reinforced steel sleeve and Wang Liangs Position will be two solid steel bars linked Characteristic: Connect intensity to be high, performance reliable, can bear high stress draw and pigeonhole the load and ti
35、red load repeatedly.Easy and simple to handle, construction fast, save energy and material, comprehensive economy profitable, this method has been already a large amount of application in the project. Applicable scope : Suitable for , , grade reinforcing bar (including welding bad reinforcing bar wi
36、th ribbing of 18- 50mm, connection between the same diameter or different diameters reinforcing bar .1.2 must squeeze link Extruders used in the covers, reinforced axis along the cold metal sleeve squeeze dedicated to insert sleeve Lane two hot rolling steel drums into a highly integrated mechanical
37、 linking methods. Characteristic: Easy to operate and joining fast and not having flame homework , can construct for 24 hours , save a large number of reinforcing bars and energy. Applicable scope : Suitable for , set up according to first and second class antidetonation requirement - proof armored
38、concrete structure , grade reinforcing bar with ribbing of hot rolling of 20- 32mm join and construct live.1.3 cone thread connecting Using cone thread to bear pulled, pressed both effort and self-locking nature, undergo good principles will be reinforced by linking into cone-processing thread at th
39、e moment the value of integration into the joints connecting steel bars. Characteristic: Simple , all right preparatory cut of the craft , connecting fast, concentricity is good, have pattern person who restrain from advantage reinforcing bar carbon content. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - -
40、 - -第 4 页，共 9 页5 / 9 Applicable scope : Suitable for the concrete structure of the industry , civil building and general structures, reinforcing bar diameter is for for the the 16- 40mm one , grade verticality, it is the oblique to or reinforcing bars horizontal join construct live. conclusions Thes
41、e are now commonly used to connect steel synthesis methods, which links technology in the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries are widely used. There are different ways to connect their different characteristics and scope of the actual construction of production depending on the specifi
42、c project choose a suitable method of connecting to achieve both energy conservation and saving time limit for a project ends. References1 、construction manual write the group. Construction manual. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1992. 2 、JGJ107-96 reinforcing bar machinery connects the
43、common technical regulation 3 GB 1499-91 The armored concrete uses the reinforcing bar. 4 、GB with ribbing of hot rolling 13013-91 The armored concrete uses the round reinforcing bar of hot calendaring. 现浇楼板裂缝的产生与防治随着城市住宅建设步伐的加快，不少住宅小区相继建成，许多住户陆续搬进新居，他们对住房的质量要求越来越高，尤其对一些现浇楼板出现的裂缝情况非常关注，担心这些裂缝最终会引发不安
44、全事故，而纷纷向建筑质量监督部门投诉。如某市一开发商共建6 层楼住宅 16 幢，建筑面积约10 万平方 M ，砖混结构，初装修，一梯二户用砖墙分隔，每层设有圈梁同楼板整浇，板厚100mm ，混凝土标号为C20 ，房屋长约80-90m 之间，不设伸缩缝，底层为2.2m 车库精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页6 / 9 层，基础采用C20钢筋笼灌注桩。该小区于2003 年 10 月完工，竣工验收时，未发现明显裂缝，在住户装修时，发现楼板有裂缝出现，故联名向质量监督部门投诉，经实地踏看，16 幢房屋均存在深浅不一的裂缝。裂
45、缝宽度在0.2mm-0.4mm之间，裂缝位置绝大多数处在板四角，朝阳处更为明显。于是，质监部门组织有关单位，首先对房屋沉降量和倾斜度进行复查，结果都在允许范围内，再查看施工图纸也符合有关规范要求。鉴于上述情况，经过认真分析，确认裂缝原因有以下几点：1、引起现浇板裂缝的主要原因是混凝土的收缩，因为混凝土在自然硬化过程中，由于水份不断蒸发，而体积渐渐收缩，但板四周受支座的约束，不能自由伸缩，所以当混凝土的收缩所引起现浇板的约束应力超过一定限度时，势必引发现浇板开裂。而且裂缝部位多发生在应力比较集中的地方板角处，却与墙阴角线相垂直。2、现浇板上过早施工，加荷引起的裂缝。混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范
46、规定，混凝土强度达到1.2N/mm2 前，不得在其上踩踏或安装模板及支架。但开发商为了抢时间，赶进度，在刚浇好的现浇板上或混凝土尚处在初凝和终凝阶段，就任意踩踏，搬运材料，集中堆放砖块、砂浆、模板等。过早的加荷，人为地造成了现浇板裂缝。3、温度变化引起的裂缝。大家知道，水泥在常温下具有凝结硬化快，水化热大等特点，尤其在夏天，混凝土浇筑后，水化热释放量大，混凝土在高温下，得不到及时浇水养护，而失水收缩，使混凝土发生干裂，最终导致开裂。调查中发现，居多板角裂缝都处在遭受太阳直接曝晒的朝阳面。4、房屋过长未设置必要的伸缩缝，也是导致裂缝的原因。开发商为了节省土地，往往不顾及房屋长度，使房屋整体过长，
47、也不设置伸缩缝，由于缺少必要的伸缩缝，当房屋的自由伸缩度达到或超过应设置伸缩缝要求的间距时，也会出现裂缝。5、板负筋下沉产生的裂缝。在施工过程中，由于施工人员野蛮操作，任意踩踏钢筋，致使负筋下陷，保护层过大，减少了板截面的有效高度，使板的承载能力达不到设计的要求，从而导致板裂缝的产生。如何防治现浇板板裂缝的产生，根据多年的施工经验，提供以下一些防治精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页7 / 9 措施，可供参考：1、认真做好现浇板养护工作，是保证混凝土强度、防治裂缝产生的重要环节之一。规范规定，常温下混凝土浇筑后12 小
48、时内，必须覆盖保温养护，普通水泥不少于7 天，如果忽视对混凝土的浇水养护，一方面会降低混凝土强度，另一方面会使混凝土在硬化过程中来不及补充水分，因而大量缺水而产生裂缝。所以做好混凝土的浇水养护，既可减少温度产生的裂缝，也可降低混凝土收缩而产生的裂缝。2、现浇板上不要过早上人、堆料、施荷加载，因混凝土浇筑后要有一个硬化过程，才会有强度；在这个过程中，应对混凝土加以保养，不能对混凝土施加任何外力。如果在混凝土尚未有一定强度的情况下，在其上面集中堆放建筑材料或支模立撑，这样带给现浇板的不是强度，而是更多的裂缝。因此，必须做到在混凝土强度达到1.2N/mm2以后，才允许在其上踩踏或安装模板及支架。3、
49、严格控制板面负筋保护层厚度。现浇板负筋按设计要求都放在板上面，有梁通过或隔断时一般放置在梁钢筋上面或与梁钢筋绑扎在一起。为了控制好负筋保护层厚度，必须采用10-14 的钢筋马凳，纵横间距800mm左右来固定负筋的位置，并用电焊把马凳与负筋焊牢，使马凳在混凝土浇筑过程中不移位，保证负筋不下沉，从而有效控制负筋保护层的厚度，不使板负筋保护层过厚而产生裂缝。4、严格控制好砂、石粒径及含泥量。现浇板应选用中粗砂，粒径在0.25-0.5mm之间的石子，砂石含泥量均不得超过1。如砂、石粒径过细过小，含泥量过大，都会降低混凝土强度，最终会使混凝土产生裂缝。5、在板四角配置一定数量的角筋，即辐射筋。针对现浇板
50、裂缝多发生在板角这一现象，在板角四周增设8200mm，长度为1800mm左右的辐射筋，以此来满足板角应力的需要，使现浇板产生裂缝的应力作用范围与辐射筋相一致，从而有效地改观和控制裂缝的产生。钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋连接综述精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页8 / 9 改革开放以来，随着国民经济的快速、持久发展，各种钢筋混凝土建筑结构大量建造，钢筋连接技术得到很大的发展。因此，推广应用先进的钢筋连接技术，对于提高工程质量、加快施工速度、提高劳动生产率、降低成本，具有十分重要的意义。钢筋连接技术可分为钢筋焊接和钢筋机械连接两