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1、八年级下册英语语法总结。 八年级下册英语语法总结。八年级下册英语语法总结Unit6FunCyclingTopic1Weregoingonaspringfieldtrip一.重点词汇(一)词形转换:1.discuss(名词)discussion2.queen(对应词)fortable(名词)comfort4.safely(形容词)safe(名词)safety(二)词的辨析1.findout/lookfor/find2.cost/payfor/spendon3.other/else4.raise/rise5.each/every6.exciting/excited(三)重点词组:1.goonavi
2、sitto去旅行2.makethedecision做确定3.bringback带回4.goonafieldtrip去野外旅行5.decideon(upon)sth对某事做出确定6seethesunrise看日出7.makeareservation预订eupwith想出（办法）9.lookforwardto(doing)sth期望10.payfor支付；赔偿11.raisemoney筹钱12.bookaticket订票13.makearoomforsb为订房间14.haveawonderfultime玩得开心15.inthedaytime在白天16.atwo-dayvisit为期两天的旅行17.
3、findout查出18.someplacesofinterest名胜19.roomswithbathtub带浴室的房间20ahard(soft)sleeper硬（软）卧21.mypleasure不客气二重点句型及重点语言点1.Ihavesomeexcitingnewstotellyou.我有一些激烈人心的消息要告知你们。totellyou是动词不定式短语，作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：Ihavenothingtotalkabout.Hehasalotofworktodo.2.Soundsgreat!=Itsoundsgreat!听起来不错。3.Wewillgoon
4、atwo-dayvisittoMountTai.我们将要去泰山玩两天。goonavisitto去参观/旅游TheywenttoavisittoEgyptlastyear.类似有：goonatrip/goonapicnicatwo-dayvisit为期两天的旅行atwo-monthholiday两个月的假期aneighteen-year-oldboy一个18岁的男孩4Itshardtosay.这很难说。Tosay是动词不定式作主语，It是形式主语。如：Itsnicetomeetyou.5.Illasktheairlineonthephone.我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是：Illphonean
5、dasktheairline.6.Bringbackyourinformationtoclasstomorrowandwelldecideonthebestwaytogoonourfieldtrip.明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来确定最好的郊游方式。bringback带回。Pleasebringbackyourlibrarybookstomorrow.decideon/uponsth确定，选定Weretryingtodecideonaschool.7.Itstoofarforcycling.骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：Ittoofartocyclethere.8.Howlongd
6、oesittaketoreachMountTaiby？乘去泰山要花多长时间？9Howmuchdoesitcosttogothere?去那里要花多少钱？Howmuchdoesastandardroomcost?一个标准间的价格是多少？10.Wehaveticketsat120yuanforthehardsleeperand180yuanforthesoftsleeper.我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。at意为“以”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for意为“供，适合于”。Ivegotticketsat80yuanforTheSoundofMusic.11.Idliketob
7、ook20ticketsforthehardsleeper.我要预订20张硬卧票。20ticketsforthehardsleeper=20hardsleeperticketsbooktickets预订票bookaroomforsb/sth为预订房间e.g.Wewanttobooksomeroomsfor14th.我们想预订一些14号的房间。12Pleasepayfortheticketsbefore5:30p.m.请在下午5：30之前付款。Payfor支付payforsbtodosth付钱给某人做某事e.g.HerparentspaidforhertogotoAmerica.她的父母支付她去
8、美国的费用.13.Iwanttomakeahotelreservation.我想预订房间。makeareservation预订14.Wehaveroomswithabathtub我们有带浴缸的房间。with有或带着ahousewithaswimmingpoolastandardroomwithtwosinglebeds15.ItsverycommontoraisemoneyinCanadianandAmericanschools.在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raisemoney筹钱Wecanraisethemoneyourselves.16.Itcostseachstudentone
9、dollartobuyaticketforthedraw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。(1)each作主语，谓语用单数Eachofthestudentsspendsonedollarbuyingaticket.（2）用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。Eachstudenthastheirowne-mailaddress.(3)用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。Theyeachhavetheirowne-mailaddress.17.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.我盼望收到你的来信。Lookforwardto盼望，期盼Theyarelo
10、okingforwardtosolvingtheproblem.三.重点语法动词不定式（1.）动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后，want,refuse,forget,need,try,learn,like,agree,help,hope,decide,begin等。可用顺口溜（要想拒绝遗忘，须要努力学习，喜爱同意帮助，希望确定起先）（2）不定式的否定形式是在to的前面干脆加not.Mymotherdecidednottobuyacomputerforme.（3）不定式可以和疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用。Canyoutellmewhattosayatthe
11、meeting?Idontknowhowtogettothestation.（4）本topic出现的句子有：Ihavesomeexcitingnewstotellyou.Iwanttomakeahotelreservation.ItisverycommontoraisemoneyinCanadianandAmericanschools.Thebestwaytoraisemoneyistosellnewspapers.Ithinkthemostexcitingwayistosellflowersintheevening.Kangkanghelpedustobookthetraintickets.
12、Topic2HowaboutexploringtheMingTombs?一、重点词汇：（一）词形转换：1.explore(名词)explore2.east(形容词)eastern3.north(形容词)northern4.push(反义词)pull5.sadly(形容词)sad(名词)sadness6.crowd(形容词)crowded（二）重点词组:1.makeaplan拟定安排2.makesure确信，确保ealongwith和一起来4.atthefootof在的脚下5.besurprisedat对感到惊异6.besatisfiedwith对感到满足7.outofsight看不见8.ste
13、pononestoes踩着某人的脚9.canthelpdoingsth忍不住做某事10.spreadover分布于11.rushout冲出去12.raiseoneshead抬头13.asksbforhelp向某人求助14.thankgoodness谢天谢地二重点句型及重点语言点1.Whileyouwereenjoyingyourtrip,Iwasbusypreparingformyexams.当你在旅行时，我正忙于打算考试。(1)bebusydoingsth,/bebusywithsth忙于做某事Imbusypreparingformybirthdaypartythesedays.(2)whi
14、le当时候，引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。Whilemymotherwascooking,IwaswatchingTV.2.Wouldyouhelpmeplanatrip?请你帮我定个旅行安排好吗？Wouldyou比willyou语气更加客气，委婉,类似还有couldyouCouldyoucomealongwithus?3.Theysurveyedtheareatomakesuretheirtombsfacedsouthandhadmountainsattheback.他们细致勘测了整个区域，确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山环绕。makesure确信，
15、确保Makesureallthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleave.4.Itsabouttwoandahalfhoursbybike.骑自行车大约要2个半小时。Twoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf5.ItstotheeastofYongling.它在永陵的东面。tothe+方位词+of(表示互不接壤)JapanistotheeastofChina.onthe+方位词+of(表示相互接壤)FujianisonthesouthofZhejang.inthe+方位词+of表示在某一范围内的地区BeijingisinthenorthofChina
16、.6.TheywalkedintoDinglingandweresurprisedatthewonders.他们走进定陵，对那里的奇观感到很惊异。besurprisedat对感到很惊异Heissurprisedatdragons.besurprisedtodosth惊异地做某事Shewassurprisedtofindshewaslost.7.sotheyhadtolookforspacetoparktheirbikes他们不得不找寻停自行车的地方space空间Canyoumakespaceforthisoldman?8.Whilethecrowdwaspushinghimindifferen
17、tdirections,someonesteppedonhistoes.当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了他的脚。inonesdirection朝着某人的方向stepononestoes踩了某人的脚steponsth踩某物Dontstepontheflowersandgrass.9.Whenhefinallyrushedoutofthecrowd,henoticedhisfriendswerebothoutofsight.当他最终冲出人群时，他留意到他的两个挚友都不见了。noticesbdosth留意某人做了某事noticesbdoingsth留意某人正在做某事10.Assoonasthethr
18、eeboyssaweachother,theyalljumpeduphappily.三个男孩一见面，就兴奋得跳了起来。assoonas引导时间状语从句意为“一就”Heleftassoonasheheardthenews.IlltellhimassoonasIseehim.11.Hedidntraisehisheaduntilsomeonecalledhisname.直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起头。notuntil直到才12.Theyweresolovelythatwecouldnthelpplayingwiththem.它们太可爱了，我们禁不住和它们一起玩。canthelpdoingsth忍不
19、住做某事WhenIheardthefunnynews,Icouldnthelplaughing.13.IamsatisfiedwitheverythinginChina.我对在中国的一切感到满足。besatisfiedwith对感到满足Heissatisfiedwithmywork.14.Weevenaskedtheguardforhelp.我们甚至向保安寻求帮助。asksbforhelp向某人求助Thelostboyaskedthepoliceforhelp.三.重点语法时间状语从句1。引导词：（1）when,while,as当时候.when后可跟短暂性动词也可跟持续性动词；while后跟持
20、续性动词；as多用于口语，强调同一时间，或一前一后。Thestudentsweretalkingintheclassroomwhentheteachercamein.=Whilethestudentsweretalkingintheclassroom,theteachercamein.学生在教室里谈话时，老师进来了。Motheralwayssingsasshecooksdinnerforus.妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。（2）notuntil直到才，主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。Iwontleavehereuntiltherainstops.Hedidntsleepuntilhismotherc
21、amebackhome.(3)after在之后，before在之前，assoonas一就IwenttosleepafterIfinishedmyhomework.=IfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwenttosleep.Assoonasthebellrings,thestudentswillgointotheclassroom.2.时态（1）当主句为一般过去时时，从句常用过去的某种时态。WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,thetelephonerang.(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。IwillcallyouassoonasIgettoBe
22、ijing.本topic出现的句子有：1.Whileyouwereenjoyingyourtrip,Iwasbusypreparingformyexams.2.Hedidntraisehisheaduntilsomeonecalledhisname.3.Whilethecrowdwaspushinghimindifferentdirections,someonesteppedonhistoes.4.Assoonasthethreeboyssaweachother,theyalljumpeduphappily.5.Aftertheyrodetheirbikesfortwoandahalfhour
23、s,Kangkanf,MichaelandDarrenarrivedattheMingTombs.6.Astheywereexploringhappily,thecrowdbecamelargerandlarger.Topic3Bicyclesarepopularwithpeople一、重点词汇：（一）词形转换：1.death(动词)die(形容词)dead2slow(副词)slowly3.crossing（动词）cross介词）across4.success（动词）succeed(形容词successful5Pain(形容词)painful6.lead(名词)leader7.final(副词
24、)finally8impossible(反义词)possible9courage（动词）encourage（二）重点词组:1Slowdown减速2.runinto撞到3.avoiddoingsth避开防止做某事4.warnsbtodosth警告/提示某人做某事5.rideinto进入跻身于6getusedto(doing)习惯于做某事7.asharpturn急转弯8.bepopularwith受的欢迎9.getafine处以罚金10.goondoingsth接着做某事11.thewaytosuccess胜利之路12.obeythetrafficrules遵守交通规则13.breakthetra
25、fficrules违反交通规则14.beafraidofdoingsth胆怯做某事15.befamousfor因著名16.beindanger处于危急中17.afterawhile一会儿二重点句型及重点语言点1IthinktrafficinBeijingiscrazy.我认为北京的交通很拥堵。traffic是不行数名词2.Ifpeopleobeythetrafficrules,therewillbefeweraccidents.假如人们都遵守交通规则，交通事故将会削减。Ifwebreakthetrafficrules,itwillbedangerousandwewillgetafine.假如人
26、们违反交通规则，将很危急，我们会受到惩罚的。这是if引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。3Ifeelalittlemoreconfident.我感到自信多了。moreconfident是比较级4.Itcanhelpussaveenergyandavoidpollution.这样可以节约能源以及避开空气污染。avoidsth/doingsth避开做某事Youshouldavoidmakingthemistakelikethat.Heranintothewalltoavoidhittingthetruck.5.Bicyclesarepopularwithpeople.自行车深受人
27、们欢迎。Bepopularwith受欢迎6Itwarnsustobemorecareful.Warnsb(not)todosth警告/提示某人做某事Hewarnedhertokeepsilence.Warnsbaboutsth提示某人某事7.Mostpeoplethinkbicyclesaremuchsaferthananyothervehicle.大部分人认为自行车比其他交通工具要平安些。8.However,hiswaytosuccessdidntgowell.然而，他的胜利之路并非一帆风顺。Thewaytosuccess胜利之路successindoingsth在胜利Ididnthavem
28、uchsuccessinfindingajob.我找工作没什么结果。9Liketheotherchallengesinhislife,Lancefacedithead-on.像面对生命中其他挑战一样，兰斯迎头面对。10Itseemsimpossibletobeathim.战胜他好像是不行能的。beatsb战胜某人winagame/match/agoldmedalItseems+adj+todosth做某事好像Shealwaysseemstobesad.三.重点语法条件状语从句1.条件状语从句由if（假如），unless(除非)等引导的，谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。主句if
29、从句Will(must,should,may)一般现在时如：Iwontgoifhedoesntgo.Wewillpasstheexamifwestudyhard.Wewontpasstheexamunlesswestudyhard.2.祈使句+and/or引导的结果句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。如：Hurryup,oryoullbelate.=Ifyoudonthurryup,youllbelate.=Youllbelateunlessyouhurryup.Studyhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexa
30、m.扩展阅读：原创归纳仁爱版八年级下英语语法归纳清华高校英语系学生测试运用。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站：清华高校英语教授探讨组供应English语法归纳（初二下）BYcy2.Unit5Topic1SectionA系动词+adj.构成系表结构。Invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事。Invitesb.+地点邀请某人去某地。Preparefor=getreadyfor为打算。Saythankstosb.向某人道谢。SectionBAtickettofor的票。Beabletodosth有实力做某事。=can。但是can一般用于现在时和过去时而beableto可以用于任何时态。Ri
31、ngsb.up打电话给某人。Beproudof以傲慢。Bepleasedwith对满足。SectionCCareabout关切Care+从句省略aboutGetmarriedtosb.=marrysb.与某人结婚。关于花费：Sth.Costsb.+钱Sb.spend+时钱in、onsth.doingsth.Ittakesb时todosth.Sb.pay钱forsth.Beon上映。Cheerup使振作。Whatfor=why。（口语）SectionDComeintobeing形成。Befullof=befilledwith充溢。Endwith以结尾。Makepeacewithsb.与某人讲和。
32、Unit5Topic2To+动词不定式。SectionASeemtodosth.好像做某事。adj作表语。Itseemthat+从句。Havetalkwithsb.与某人交谈。Bestrictwithsb.对某人严格。SectionBFailtodosth.失败，做不到某事。Atonesage.在年龄时Attheageof.在岁时Makesb.todosth让某人做某事。同级比较As+adjadv原级+as与一样。Notasso+adjadv原级+as与不一样。Begetusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事。Usedtodosth.过去习惯做某事。SectionCBeafraidofdoi
33、ngsth.胆怯做某事。Dealwith=dowith.处理。特别疑问词+不定式。（whattodohowtodoit）Refusetodosth.拒绝做某事。Eventhough=evenif即使。Notanylonger=nolonger不再。Fallasleep入睡。Inonesteens在某人的时代。Giveahand=dosb.afavor=helpsb.给某人帮助。比较级+and+比较级越来越程度递增。The+比较级The+比较级越越两种状况同时变。缘由状语从句。引导缘由状语从句的常用连词是what。用于回答why引导的问句。Unit5Topic3SectionAHavehas+动
34、词过去分词。现在完成时。Cantbe确定不是，否定推想。Mustbe肯定是，确定推想。Maybe可能是，揣测推想。Attheendof在的最终。Intheendof最终。Thatits+adj+forsbtodosth.Insteadof+n.v代代替Taketurnstodosth.=taketurnsatdoingsth.=dobyturns轮番做某事。SectionBBebadgoodfor对有害益。Getalongwithsbsth与相处得好。Justas似乎。Smileattosb.sth.微笑面对某人、某事。Smile,微笑（没有声音）Laugh,大笑(有声音)Laughatsb.
35、取笑某人。Giveasurprisetosb=givesbasurprise给某人一个惊喜。Ontheoneswayto在某人去的路上。后接副词则省去to.SectionC世界上独一无二的事物前加定冠词theHadbetterdosthnotdosth.最好做某事、不要做某事。SectionDGetbacktosth接着回到某事上。Unit6topic1结果状语从句Sothat引导的结果状语从句。So+adj.+从句。So+adj+aan+单数名词+that从句。SectionAGoonavisitto去旅游、参观。Itshatetosay这很难说。Decidetodosth确定做某事。Mak
36、e(take)adecide下确定。Decideonupon确定。SectionBTicketat+钱+for票的价格。详细某一天的早、中、晚上，前用介词on。SectionCComeupwith想出。Lookforwardtosthdoingsth.盼望某事、盼望做某事。Hearfromsb收到某人来信。SectionD动词不定式基本形式：to+动词原形（确定形式）Notto+动词原形（否定形式）特征：没有人称和数的改变。常用句型：Its+adj+todosth.Too+adj+todosth.动词不定式可以跟疑问词连用。E.g.Idontknowwhattodohowtodoit.Unit
37、6topic2SectionAPlantodosth.安排做某事。Makeaplantomakeplansto制定的安排。SectionBAtthefootof在的脚下。Marksthebeginningof标记着的起先。Bytheway.顺便问一下。Onbothsidesof在的两旁。“几个半”表示方法：基数词+and+ahalf+n.=基数词+n.+and+ahalf.E.g.oneandahalfyears=oneyearandahalf.一年半。表示方位的介词区分Inthe+方位名词+of指某一范围内的地区。（中国，北京）tothe+方位名词+of指互不接壤互不管辖的地区。（中国，日本
38、）onthe+方位名词+of相互接壤但互不管辖的地区。（中国，尼泊尔）SectionCOutofsight看不见（视线之外）Noticesbdodoingsth.留意某人（正在做）做某事。Canthelpdoing忍不住。Arrivein+大地点Arriveon+小地点SectionDHavefundoingsth.从做某事中得到乐趣。时间状语从句特征：常用一般现在时表示将来时。前句将来时，从句用一般现在时。时态一样前句与从句同时为过去时。引导时间状语从属连词：When(当的时候，强调同一时间或一前一后)while（当的时候，带有持续性）before(在之前)after（在之后）as（当的时候
39、）until、till（直到为止）assoonas（一就）Unit6topic3SectionABeafraidofdoingsth.that+从句。胆怯做某事。SectionBWarnsbtodosthnottodosth.警告、提示某人做某事、不做某事。Warnsbaboutsth提示某人某事。SectionCGoondoingsth接着做某事（同一件）Goontodosth.接着做某事（另一件）Makeletsbdosth使某人做某事。使役动词makelethave等，一律省去to，干脆加动词原形。SectionD条件状语从句由if,unless(除非)引导的状语从句叫条件状语从句。特征
40、：常用一般现在时表示将来时。前句将来时，从句用一般现在时。主句含一般将来时、祈使句、情态动词，从句用一般现在时。Unit7topic1SectionATurnto=asksb.forhelp向某人求助。Knowabout了解。Chatwithsb.ontheinternet和某人在网上闲聊。Tryonesbestdoonesbest尽某人最大努力。Thinkover细致考虑Thinkof考虑，对有看法。此时可与thinkabout互换。Imaginedoingsth.想象做某事。SectionBHaveasweettooth爱吃甜食。Whatsmore而且。SectionCInordertod
41、o为了做Inorderthat+从句引导目的状语从句。Keepupsth.坚持做Seed+间接宾语(sb.)+干脆宾语（sth.）双宾结构句。Givesb.bestwishesto某人最好的祝福给。感叹句。How引导的感叹句，强调形容词和副词。How+adj.adv.+主语+谓语！What引导的感叹句，强调名词，单数可数名词前带冠词aan.有时主语和谓语可以省去。What+aan+adj.+n.(单数可数)+主+谓！What+adj.+n.(不行数)+主+谓！What+adj.+n.(复数)+主+谓！SectionDCometrue系表结构。成为现实。Invitation邀请函。宾语从句由一个
42、句子充当宾语，这样的句子叫宾语从句。从句与主句之前由从属连词连接。主语+引导词+陈述句。That引导宾从。由陈述句充当宾从，引导词that省略。时态当主句是一般现在时，宾从不随主句时态影响，可以依据句子本身时态运用时态。当主句是一般过去时，从句时态应一样。宾从语序用陈述句语序。Unit7topic2SectionABeglad+adj.+that从句。兴奋Cutsth.切某物。Cutup切碎。Cutsth.Into切成。Cutdown砍到。Addto添加上。Addto将加在Addup加起来。Addupto总计为表依次词：(含序数词)First首先。Second其次next在此then然后。Af
43、terthat然后finally最终。SectionBSpreadsthonsth.往上面抹Practicemakesperfect熟能生巧。SectionCStartwith以起先。Eatsth.up吃完，吃光。Finishdoingsth.完成做某事。Pickup捡起，捡起。SectionDAtthesametime同时。宾语从句Ifwhether引导的宾语从句，不能省略引导词，if可以与whether通用，但在whetherornot的状况下则不能。If引导条件状语从句，当主句是一般将来时，从句为一般现在时。介词后不定式前均用whether而不用if.Unit7topic3Section
44、AForsale待售。Onsale出售。Besatisfiedwith对满足。Wishsb.sth.祝福某人Wishtodosth=Hopetodosth.希望做某事。Wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事。Hope考虑可能性的“希望”With不考虑是否可能。SectionBOrdersbtodosth吩咐某人做某人。Orderthat+从句。SectionCBeworthdoingsth.值得做某事。SectionDItssaid据说后接that引导从句。Inshort总之。Notonlybutalso不但而且连接的并列成分必需相同，当连接两个名词或代词为主语、谓语动词单复数采纳就近原
45、则，保持一样。Notall并非，部分否定。Itsbelievedthat信任副词比较级基本用法。副词的比较等级形式与改变与形容词大致相同，以后缀-ly结尾的比较级和最高级大多在前面加more和most(1)原级。As+adj./adv.原级+as和一样。(2)比较级。Adj./adv.比较级+than比更(3)最高级。三者或三者以上比较时，常用the+adj./adv.最高级+in/of（比较范围）副词最高级前可以省略the*否定比较级可用less+adj./adv.原级+than.*同级比较中第一个as前面用序数词或量词修饰，可表示倍数关系。*形容词和副词比较级前用muchalot等修饰，表
46、示不同程度。*借助other、else或否定词，比较级形式可用来表示最高级概念。(4)the+比较级，the+比较级。表示越越(5)比较级+and+比较级。表示越来越Unit8Topic1SectionA目的状语从句。(同结果状语从句)Sothat引导的状语从句。So+adj./adv.+that、so+adj.+an/a+名词单数+that如此以至于用于引导主句导致的结果。Such+n.+that.从句。同样表示如此以至于。不同：so后面接形容词或副词，such后面接名词。Sothat.引导结果状语从句，表示因此、所以。SectionBBemakeof+原料由制成。（看得出原材料）Bemak
47、efrom+原料由制成。（看不出原材料）Afford(tobuy)sth.买得起、负担得起SectionCDependon依靠、取决于。Dependonsb.todosth.dependonsb./sth.Thesameas与一样。Nearly差不多。Near旁边。Hard努力地。Hardly几乎不。SectionDProtect.from爱护不受的损害。Youarewhatyouwear衣如其人。Unit8Topic2SectionAAllowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事。Allowdoingsth允许做某事。Suitableforsb.todosth.对某人来说适合做某事。Stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻挡某人做某事。Toca