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1、!-2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 22 minutes) Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes on the lef
2、t with the people on the right. Please note there are two extra options you do not need to use.A. John LockeB. Archimedes C. AristotleD. Immanuel Kant E. Steve Jobs_1. Give me a lever long enough and a fulcrum on which to place it, and I shall move the world._2.Morality is not the doctrine of how we
3、 may make ourselves happy, but how we may make ourselves worthy of happiness._3.You cant connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.Questions 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions:
4、 Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.
5、4. Where is the piece of text taken from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestions 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and
6、their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations. 5. What is the best title for this text?A. The future of tourismB. The role of tourismC. The price of touri
7、smD. The benefits of tourismQuestions 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Buying and selling anything is your forte now. If you visit a jumble or car-boot sale or the like, a romantic encounter is more than probable! News l
8、inked to the family is brilliant!6. What type of text is this?A. A personal advertisement.B. A personal horoscope.C. A friends letter of advice.D. A written warning.Questions 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.With our tra
9、vel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and find weve failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of your arrival. Well spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikely event that we cant resolve yo
10、ur problem and make you happy within 24 hours, well fly you home and give your money back.7. The text could best be described as _.A. a commitmentB. an appealC. a warningD. a vowQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text
11、.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if youre not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. Its not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8. What is the meanin
12、g of the missing word (XXXX) in the text?A. “something that is poor quality”B. “an item that is not essential, something extra”C. “something expensive but good value for money”D. “a fashion which always remains popular”Questions 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and
13、answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there was any chance of Mothers train arriving, even if the train were punctual,
14、which was most unlikely.9. What can you say about their mothers train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of und
15、ernourished people in the developing regions, from 19901992 to 20142016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report201510. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A. Current estimates suggest that nearly one in nine in
16、dividuals do not have enough to eat between 2014 and 2016.B. Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with 12.9 per cent of undernourished population.C. The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but went down in the first five years of the new millennium.D
17、. The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almost half since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time allowe
18、d: 38 minutes) Question 11-12 (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)Directions: Read the definitions of two types of logical fallacy. Answer the questions according to the definitions.Poisoning the WellPoisoning the well is a rhetorical technique and logical fallacywhere adverse information about a
19、 target is preemptively presented to anaudience, with the intention of discrediting or ridiculing everything that the target person is about to say. It uses theassociationof negativeemotionsto distract a subject from actualevidencein an argument.11. Which of the following provides a typical example
20、of poisoning the well?A. Thats my stance on funding the education system, and anyone who disagrees with me hates children.B. You are so weird. That meanswe are pretty much surethat your whole family is weird, too.C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore, we know that
21、 God exists.D. I dont care what you say. We dont need any more bookshelves. As long as the carpet is clean, we are fine.False DilemmaA false dilemma arises when we allow ourselves to be convinced that we have to choose between two and only two mutually exclusive options, when that is untrue. General
22、ly, when this rhetorical strategy is used, one of the options is unacceptable and repulsive, while the other is the one the manipulator wants us to choose. Whoever succumbs to this trap has thus made a choice that is forced, and as such, of little value.12. Which of the following provides a typical
23、example of a false dilemma?A. Smoking is harmful to health, so you are supposed to quit smoking. B. If the government doesnt reduce public spending, our economy will collapse.C. You may as well avoid overeating, or else you might be obese in no time. D. You are the worst of the classmates; therefore
24、, what you say is incredible.Questions 13 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about syllogism. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of syllogism.Syllogism is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at
25、a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. It is perhaps todays most commonly accepted form of logical reasoning in aptitude tests. The most commonly used type of syllogisms is elucidated in a frequently used example:Premise 1: All men are mortal.Premise
26、2: Socrates is a man.Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.Now practice syllogisms for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesnt necessarily represent the “truth” always. 13. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: All human action is conditioned by circumstances. Premise
27、2: All human action involves morality. Conclusion: All that involves morality is conditioned by circumstances. Questions 14 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about contraposition. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of contrapos
28、ition.Inlogic,contrapositionis a law that says that aconditional statementislogically equivalentto itscontrapositive. The contrapositive of the statement has its antecedent and consequentinvertedandflipped. The most commonly used type of contraposition is elucidated in the following example:Premise
29、1: If it is raining, then there are clouds in the sky.Premise 2: There are no clouds in the sky.Conclusion: It is not raining.Now practice contraposition for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesnt necessarily represent the “truth” always.14. Valid ( ); Inv
30、alid ( ) Premise 1: If he is not an American, he is not from Texas.Premise 2: He is from Texas.Conclusion: He is an American. Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text. Manipulating MemoryMemo
31、ry is notoriously malleable. Our recollections fade and take on new meanings; sometimes we remember things that never even happened. But 15 .Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp and tinker with memorys physical basis. Last year, in work evocative of films such asEternal Sunshine of th
32、e Spotless Mindand Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals brains by zapping them with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they could delete existing
33、 memories and “incept” false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had once associated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they
34、had once met friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic adva
35、nces, such as treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyond scientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the passage? A. what is really ha
36、ppening in our brain as memories are remodeled remains mysteriousB. scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happened to them C. advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of our brainD. some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is n
37、ot what it really is 16. The word “incept” is closest in meaning to _.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Peoples false memories result from the impact of different emotion provoked by later experience on the same spot. B. The success i
38、n research indicates that it wont be long that a therapy is worked out for people disturbed by painful memory. C. By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create, erase, or alter their memories, good or bad.D. Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are base
39、d on them actually draw greatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following passage about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the passage.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera i
40、s caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected per
41、son doesnt receive treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in th
42、e environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18. Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients. True ( ) False ( )19. Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where c
43、ontaminated food is a major source of the disease.True ( ) False ( )Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the abstract. Teaching Machines to Read
44、and Comprehend Authors: K. M. Hermann, T. Koisk, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. BlunsomPublished: NIPS 2015Abstract: Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions po
45、sed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows
46、 us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure. 20. Previous studies didnt take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which
47、 was why the present research was conducted. True ( ) False ( )21. One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big data is indispensible to artificial intelligence related studies. True ( ) False ( )Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directio
48、ns: Read the passage about the “Think small” advertising campaign. Answer the questions according to the passage. Think SmallIf youre interested in marketing and advertising, Volkswagens “Think small” campaign for the Beetle when it was first introduced to North America in 1959 looms large as one of the greatest advertising campaigns of all time. It wasnt just a revolution in automotive adve