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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思定于从句讲解和训练定于从句是 高中 重点知识， 也是高考常考点，定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词， 被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词 ( 关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。一关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、 定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行
2、词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 2) whose 用来指人或物，( 只用作定语 , 若指物，它还可以同of which 互换 ) 。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。二关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1) 关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于 介词 +
3、 which 结构，因此常常和 介词+ which结构交替使用。例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 2)that代替关系副词， 可以用于表示时间、 地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和 介+which 引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页读书之法
4、,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思三 判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。判断改错：( 错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分( 主、谓、宾、定、状) ，也能正确选择出关系代词 / 关系副词。例1. Is this museum
5、 _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one B.关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词( where 地点状语， when 时间状语， why 原因状语 ) 。四 限制性和非限制性定语从句1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确; 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思
6、，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。( 限制性）2) )The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。五介词 +
7、关系词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思1) 介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2)that前不能有介词。3) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的 介词 +关系词 结构可以同关系副词when 和 where 互换。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. 六 as, which 非限定性定语从句由 as, which 引
8、导的非限定性定语从句，as 和 which 可代整个主句，相当于and this或 and that。As 一般放在句首，which 在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. as 和 which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which 不可。(2) as 代表前
9、面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which 。 (3 ) the same as;such as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。七关系代词that 的用法1) 不用 that的情况 a) 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：( 错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用。例如：We depend on th
10、e land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 2) 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that ，不用 which 。b) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that 。c) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，
11、只用that 。. d) 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。定语从句专项练习题及详解1.the place _interested me most was the childrens palace. a. which b. where c. what d. in which 2.do you know the man _? a.
12、 whom i spoke b. to who spoke c. i spoke to d. that i spoke 3.this is the hotel _last month. a. which they stayed b. at that they stayed c. where they stayed at d. where they stayed 4.do you know the year _the chinese communist party was founded? a. which b. that c. when d. on which 5.that is the da
13、y _ill never forget. a. which b. on which c. in which d. when 6.the factory _well visit next week is not far from here. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思a. where b. to which c. which d. in which 7.great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we
14、 are working. a. where b. that c. which d. there 8.this is one of the best films _. a. that have been shown this year b. that have shown c. that has been shown this year d. that you talked 9.can you lend me the book _the other day? a. about which you talked b. which you talked c. about that you talk
15、ed d. that you talked 10.the pen _he is writing is mine. a. with which b. in which c. on which d. by which 11.they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. a. whom b. who c. which d. that 12.the engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. a. to whom b. on whom c. with which d. with
16、 whom 13.it there anyone in your class _family is in the country? a. who b. whos c. which d. whose 14.im interested in _you have said. a. all that b. all what c. that d. which 15.i want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. a. which b. who c. what d. as 16.he isnt such a man _he used to be
17、. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思a. who b. whom c. that d. as 17.he is good at english, _we all know. a. that b. as c. whom d. what 18.li ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. a. i went with b. with whom i went c. with who i went d.i went with him 1
18、9.i dont like _ as you read. a. the novels b. the such novels c. such novels d. same novels 20.he talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. a. which b. that c. whom d. what 21.the letter is from my sister, _is working in beijing. a. which b. that c. whom d. who 22.in our
19、factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. a. them b. which c. whom d. who 23.youre the only person _ive ever met _could do it. a. who;/ b./; whom c. whom;/ d./; who 24.i lost a book, _i cant remember now. a. whose title b. its title c. the title of it d. the title of that 25.last su
20、mmer we visited the west lake, _hangzhou is famous in the world. a. for which b. for that c. in which d. what 26.i have bought such a watch _ was advertised on tv. a. that b. which c. as d. it 27.i can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
21、 - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思together. a. when; which b. which; when c. what; that d. on which; when 28.the way _he looks at problems is wrong. a. which b. whose c. what d./ 29.this is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. a. in which b. with which c. that d. for which 30.this mach
22、ine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. a. after which i have looked b. which i have looked after c. that i have looked after d. i have looked after 31.the reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. a. why; that b.that;why c. for that;that d.for which;what 32.he is working hard, _will make him
23、 pass the final exam. a.that b.which c.for which d.who 注意此部分只需印一份给老师参考答案及解析1. a. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2c. 和谁讲话 ” 要说 speak to sb. 本题全句应为do you know the man whom i spoke to.。whom 是关系代词，作介词to 的宾语，可以省略。3. d. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. c. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5a. which 是关系代词，在从句中作forget 的宾语。其他
24、几个答案都不能作宾语。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思6c. 解析同第 5题。7. a. 解析见第 3题。8. a. 本句话的先行词应该是films, 因此，关系代词that 是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one 前面使用了定冠词the ，则 the one 应该视为先行词。9. a. “ 谈到某事物 ” 应说 talk about sth. 。 about 是介词，其后要用 which 作宾语，不能用 that。10. a
25、. with which是介词 +关系代词 结构 ,常用来引导定语从句.with 有用的意思 ,介词之后只能用 which, 不能用 that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即 he is writing with a pen. 11. c. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. in front of which在从句中作状语. 12. d. with whom引导定语从句 .with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer. 13. d. whose引导定语从句 ,在从句中作
26、主语family 的定语 . 14. a. that引导定语从句 ,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that 引导 . 15. d. the same .as 是固定用法 , as 引导定语从句时,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语 .在本句话中,as 作从句的主语. 16. d. such as 是固定用法 ,as 引导定语从句时,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语 .在本题中 ,as作表语 . 17. b. as 作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as 所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as 在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as 作宾语
27、. 18. b. li ming enjoyed it very much是主句 ,with whom i went to the concert是定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中为 :i went to the concert with li ming. 19. c. as 引导定语从句时通常构成such as 或 the same as 固定搭配，其中 such 和 same精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思修饰其后的名词，as 为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语
28、从句。as 在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。 such 修饰单数名词时,要用 such a .,本题中 such books, such直接修饰复数名词 . 20. b. things和 persons 是先行词 .当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that. 21. d. who引导非限制性定语从句,who 作从句的主语. 22. c. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. d. 先行词 person 后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom. 因为 , whom 作从句
29、中 met 的宾语 ,可以省略 .第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略 . 24. a. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which 25. a. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语be famous for 以 .而闻名 . 26. c. 当先行词被such 修饰时 ,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. as 在本从句中作主语. 27. a. 两个先行词the day 都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语 ,因此要用关系副词w
30、hen. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent 的宾语 ,因此要用关系代词which 或 that 来引导定语从句. 28. d. 在 way 、distance 、direction 等词后的定语从句中，常用that 来代替 “ in (或其他介词)+which ” 、when 或 where ，而 that 常可省略。29. d. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用 why 来替代 . 30. b. which i have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句. 31. a. the reason why was that .已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why 和 that 不能随意换位，也不能将that 改成 because ，尽管 that 这个词在译文中可能有“ 因为 ” 的含义。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思32. b. 非限制性定语从句常用which 引导 ,which 表示前句话的整个含义. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页