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1、学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆Part IV： Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineeringdevelopment organization 建设单位design organization 设计单位construction organization 施工单位reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土pile 桩steel structure 钢结构aluminium alloy 铝合金masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced 配筋砌体load-bearing 承重砌体unreinforced 非配筋砌体permissib
2、le stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板retaining wall 挡土墙finish 装修finishing material 装修材料ventilation 通风natural 自然通风mechanical 机械通风diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙villa 别墅moment of inertia 惯性矩torque 扭矩stress 应力normal 法向应力shear 剪应力strain 应变age hardening 时效硬化air-conditioning system
3、空调系统(air) void ration（土）空隙比albery 壁厨，壁龛almery 壁厨，贮藏室anchorage length锚固长度antiseismic joint 防震缝architectural appearance 建筑外观architectural area 建筑面积architectural design 建筑设计fiashing 泛水workability (placeability) 和易性safety glass安全玻璃tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃asphalt沥青felt (malt
4、hoid) 油毡riveted connection 铆接welding 焊接screwed connection 螺栓连接oakum 麻刀，麻丝tee三通管tap存水弯esthetics美学formwork 模板（工程）shoring 支撑batching 配料slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工lfit-slab construction 升板法施工mass concrete 大体积混凝土terrazzo水磨石construction joint 施工缝honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面piled foundation 桩基deep founda
5、tion 深基础shallow foundation 浅基础foundation depth基础埋深pad foundation独立基础strip foundation 条形基础raft foundation 筏基box foundation 箱形基础BSMT=basement 地下室lift 电梯electric elevatorlift well 电梯井escalator 自动扶梯Poisson s ratio 泊松比 Youngs modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量 Esafety coefficient 安全系数fatigue failu
6、re 疲劳破坏bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板single way slab单向板window blind 窗帘 sun blindwind load 风荷载curing 养护watertight concrete 防水混凝土white cement白水泥separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete m
7、ortar 砂浆 joint 灰缝pilaster 壁柱fire rating 耐火等级fire brick 耐火砖standard brick标准砖terra cotta 琉璃瓦mosaic 马赛克精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆ceramic mosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，ceramic mosaic tileceramic tile 瓷砖rubble wall 毛石墙marble 大理石 ,大理岩granite 花岗石 ,花岗岩ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土，预
8、拌混凝土real estate房地产reinforcement bar 钢筋veinforcement meal, reinforcing bar, reinforcing steelreinforcement cover混凝土保护层reinforcement mat 钢筋网 , reinforcing meshreinforcing ratio 配筋率reinforcement percentagereinforcing work 钢筋工程residential building 居住建筑rigid foundation 刚性基础roof 屋顶，屋盖，屋面 ; roof board 屋面板
9、; roof garden屋顶花园roof live load 屋面活荷载rustic terrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石sand cushion砂垫层saw-tooth skylight 锯齿形天窗scaffold 脚手架sill 窗台silty soil 粉质土single door单扇门double door双扇门single reinforcemen单筋 tsliding door 推拉门sliding window 水平推拉窗staircase楼梯间stair rail(ing) 楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手stair step楼梯踏步stair string (er)楼梯梁stair cle
10、arance 楼梯净空高度 stair headroomsteel forms钢模板store room贮藏室structural drawings结构图soft substratum软弱下卧层sun louver 遮阳板supporting block 支座supporting layer持力层tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋tensile steel, tension reinforcementterrace roof 平屋顶thermal insulation 隔热through ventilation 穿堂风timber structure 木结构 wood str
11、ucturetoilet 盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池tracing paper描图纸lawn 草坪treatment of elevation立面处理drawing board 绘图板triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验tubular steel scaffolding钢管脚手架uniformly distributed load 均布荷载unnotched bar 光面钢 ; threadbar螺纹钢筋urinal 小便池，小便斗，小便槽valley 天沟ventilating skylight 通风天窗waterproof barrier 防水层 aquatard
12、Terzaghi bearing capacity theory太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论foundation treatment 地基处理foundation pressure 基底压力span 跨度specific gravity 比重quicklime 生石灰 ,氧化钙hydrated lime 熟石灰 ,消石灰hydration 水化作用plaster of Paris熟石膏portland cement 波特兰水泥 ,硅酸盐水泥 ,普通水泥portland blastfurnace slag cement 矿渣水泥por
13、tland fly-ash cement粉煤灰 (硅酸盐 )水泥portland-pozzolana cement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥gas-foaming admixture发泡剂retarding admixture缓凝剂water-reducing agent减水剂air-entrained agent 加气剂slump 坍落度water-cement ratio水灰比 w/carchitectural lighting 建筑采光 ,建筑照明architectural perspective建筑透视图architectural section 建筑剖面图architectural spec
14、ifications建筑规范architectural working drawing 建筑施工图architecture sketch建筑草图arc welding 电弧焊stress concentration 应力集中multi storied building 多层建筑settlement of foundation 地基沉降tensile strength抗拉强度compressive strength抗压强度bending strength抗弯强度construction material 建筑材料 building material精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
15、 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆continuous beam连续梁tower crane 塔式起重机 ,塔吊SPT=standard penetration test 标准贯入度试验wall between two windows 窗间墙stability 稳定性stress-strain curve应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram应力-应变图damp-proof coating防潮层osmosis渗透osmotic co-efficient 渗透系数osmotic pressure渗透压力finite ele
16、ment method 有限单无法finite-difference method 有限差分法finite slice method 条分法deformation 变形displacement位移allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力total and differential settlement 总沉降量和沉降差Mohrs circle of stress 摩尔应力圆snow laod雪(荷)载bent reinforcement bar 弯起钢筋bent steel 弯起钢筋bent-up bar 弯起钢筋bid 投标，标书bid call 招标bid open
17、ing 开标bidding sheet 标价单bid price 出价，投标价格binding reinforcement 绑扎钢筋blocking course檐口墙，女儿墙parapet (wall)bloodwood 红木 redwoodbrick lintel 砖砌过梁brick masonry structure 砖石结构BRKT =bracket 牛腿building height 建筑高度building industrialization 建筑工业化building-in fitting 预埋件building law 建筑法building line 建筑红线building
18、 module 建筑模数building orientation 建筑物朝向building permits for construction 建筑施工执照building equipment 建筑设备building physics 建筑物理building rubble 建筑垃圾building storm sewer 房屋雨水管built in cupboard 壁厨cable structure 悬索结构cable-supported construction悬索结构canopy雨篷cast-in-place concrete 现浇混凝土cast-in-situ concrete 现浇
19、混凝土caterpillar crane 履带式起重机cavity brick 空心砖cavity wall 空心墙ceiling 顶棚，吊顶，天花板cement floor 水泥地面cement mortar水泥砂浆center-to-center中心距 (中到中间距 )chain-pull switch 拉线开关cromatics色彩学city planning 城市规划civil architecture 民用建筑civil building 民用建筑civil engineering 土木工程clay brick 粘土砖clerestory天窗clerestory windows高侧窗
20、closet 盥洗室，厕所，卫生间coated glass 玻璃幕墙 glass curtain wallcollapsible loess 湿陷性黄土 slumping loesscollar tie beam 圈梁combination beam 组合梁combination construction 混合结构shear wall 剪力墙shear strength 抗剪强度transom （门上的）亮子bar 棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋beam 梁framework 框架truss桁架statically determinate 静定桁架statically indeterminate 超
21、静定桁架elasticity 弹性plasticity 塑性stiffness刚度fiexibility 挠度bending moment弯矩 diagram 弯矩图 envelope弯矩包络线influence line 影响线aggregate 骨料coarse 粗骨料fine 细骨料admixture 外加剂concrete mixer混凝土搅拌机paint 油漆density密度viscosity 粘度，粘滞性精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆geology 地质earth pres
22、sure 土压力active 主动土压力coarse sand 粗砂; medium sand中砂; fine sand细砂artificial daylight 人工采光artificial illumination 人工照明art of architecture建筑艺术seismatic design 抗震设计back view 背立面balcony 阳台balustrade 栏杆，扶手bamboo scaffolding竹脚手架band iron扁铁，扁钢bar cutter钢筋切断机bar list 钢筋表bar spacing钢筋间距base board踢脚板basic module
23、基本模数BC=building code 建筑法规beam-and-column construction梁柱结构（框架结构）beam-and-girder construction主次梁梁格结构beam-and-slab construction梁板结构beam with one overhanging end 悬臂梁 cantilever beam, overhanging beambeam with simply supported ends 简支梁 simple beam, simple-supported beam, simply supported beambeam with fi
24、xed ends 固端梁bending stiffness弯曲刚度bending strength抗弯强度bending stress弯曲应力bend bar 弯起钢筋，弯筋commemorative architecture 纪念性建筑commercial buildings 商业建筑物 ,商业房屋compacted fill 压实填土 ,夯实填土compacted soil压实土compaction by layers分层填土夯实compaction by rolling 碾压compaction by vibration 振动压实compartmentation隔断completion
25、acceptance竣工验收completion date 竣工日期compression bar 受压钢筋compression steel受压钢筋concealed work 隐蔽工程conductor 水落管construction administration 施工管理constructional drawing 施工图 ,构造图construction and installation work 建筑安装工程construction company 建筑公司construction economics建筑经济construction industry建筑(工)业constructio
26、n in process 在建工程construction management plan 施工组织设计construction period施工工期construction site 施工现场creep 徐变,蠕变cross wall横墙dark room暗室design development phase 技术设计阶段design scheme设计方案detail drawing 详图,大样图 ,细部图development area 开发区digestion tank 化粪池 septic tank, sewage tankdistributed load分布荷载distributing
27、 bars 分布钢筋distribution reinforcement 分布钢筋BL=dead load 恒载,自重dogleg stair 双折楼梯 half turndomestic building 居住房屋 ,住宅door window 落地窗dormitory 宿舍downspout 雨水管 ,落水管 drain spout, fall pipe, leader pipe, rain conductor, rain leader, rain-water leaderdrip line 滴水线dunny厕所,盥洗室earthquake intensity地震烈度earthquake
28、load 地震荷载earthquake resistant design 抗震设计earthwork土石方工程earthwork quantity 土方工程量eave 屋檐effective depth 有效高度 ,有效深度 ,有效厚度enameled tile 琉璃瓦 ,釉面砖engineering geological prospecting工程地质勘探expanded joint 伸缩缝 ,温度缝 shrinkage joint, temperature jointfactory building 厂房figured glass 图案玻璃 ,压花玻璃 patterned glassfix
29、ed window 固定窗flat skylight 平天窗flexible foundation 柔性基础floor load 楼面荷载floor plan 楼屋平面图floor-to-ceiling height 楼面至顶棚高度 ,室内净高floor-to-floor height 楼面至楼面高度精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆story height 层高farmed steel 型钢 shape(d) steelfoundation beam 基础梁foundation bed 基
30、础垫层gable 出墙 wallgalvanized iron 镀锌铁皮 ,白铁皮general arrangement drawing 总体布置图 ,总平面图general layout 总平面图 ,总体布置glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料 ,玻璃钢glued board 胶合板gravel 砾石; cobble 卵石 pebble gravel, pebble stoneground engineering地基工程ground floor plan 底层平面图groundwater surface 地下水位 phreatic (water )
31、surfacegutter明沟,天沟rain-gutter 檐沟,天沟hair 麻刀 hempmixed sand 混合砂mechanics of materials 材料力学theoretical mechanics 理论力学elastic mechanics弹性力学structural mechanics结构力学architectural mechanics建筑力学fracture mechanics断裂力学soil mechanics土力学rock mechanics岩石力学fluid mechanics 流体力学abrasive floor 防滑地板accelerated cement
32、 快凝水泥accelerator促凝剂，速凝剂acceptance of hidden subsurface work 隐蔽工程验收acceptance of tender 得标acceptance of work subelements 分项工程验收access eye 清扫孔，检查孔access hole 检修孔access plate 检修孔盖板accordion shades 折叠式活动隔断，屏风acid 酸alkali 碱acoustical insulation 隔声red cray 红粘土 adamic earthadhesive bitumen primer冷底子油admini
33、stration of the construction contract 施工合同管理aerial ledder消防梯non-bearing wall 非承重墙 non-load bearing wallnorm for detailed estimates 预算定额norm for preliminary estimates 概算定额norm for estimating labor requirements劳动定额norm for estimating material requirements材料定额open ditch 明沟 open trench outside finish 外装
34、修partion 隔壁, screen 隔断pea shingle 豆砾石，绿豆砂pipeline gas 管道煤气plastic hinge 塑性铰plinth (wall) 勒脚pointing (joints)勾缝pointing masonry勾缝砌体 ,清水墙porch 门廊,走廊pore water 孔隙水post-tensioning method后张法precast concrete lintel 预制混凝土过梁precast reinforced concrete building预制钢筋混凝土房屋monolithic reinforced concrete building
35、 整体式钢筋混凝土房屋prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土pretensioning method先张法protecting cap 安全帽 protective cap, safety helmet protecting net 安全网public building 公共建筑public comfort station 公共厕所 public conveniencepump concrete 泵送混凝土 pumping concretehalfpace landing楼梯平台 landing platform, stair landing, stair platformha
36、llway 门厅,过道hemp thread麻丝high-rise hotel 高层旅馆 ,高层饭店hip 屋脊线hoop reinforcement环筋,箍筋hull core structure筒体结构inside finish 内装修jalousie window 百叶窗 , louver windowjunior beam 次梁 secondary beam, secondary girdermain beam 主梁 primary beam, primary girderkick strip 踢脚step踏步L & CM=lime and cement mortar 石灰水泥砂浆li
37、ntol ( 门窗)过梁 lintellongitudinal bar 纵向钢筋low-rise building 低层建筑精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆LR = living room 起居室 ,客厅 sitting room, parlo(u)rmastic 玛碲脂 ,树脂,嵌缝料membrane curing薄膜养护metallic tape钢卷尺metal window 钢窗mid-span moment跨中弯矩mix(ing) proportion 配合比 ,混合比 mix(ing) ratiomopboard踢脚板mosquito screen 纱窗, screen window精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页