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1、真空中的恒定磁场c Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life, there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望NSABINSSFNNSIINSNS运动电荷运动电荷 (电流电流)运动电荷运动电荷(电流电流)磁铁磁铁磁铁磁铁电流电流电流电流v-为该点处的磁场方向为该点处的磁场方向sinqvFmsinqvFBm-磁感应磁感应强度的大强度的大小小qvFBmaxBBSnBdSSdBSBSdBcosBdSSSdB0-磁场的高斯定理磁场的高斯定理 磁场是无源场磁场是无源场BdrI304rrlIdBd270AN104-真
2、空磁真空磁导率导率lIdPlBdBlrrlId304IaP12lr304rrlIdBdLdBBLrIdl20sin42aP1lr2tgalcosar dadl2secLrdlIB20sin421cos40daI)sin(sin4120aI22aIB2021x0RIPxlIdrBdBd/BdlId204rIdldBLdBB/LdBsindlrIR3043202rIR232220)( 2xRIRx0RIPxrBdBd/BdRIB200nISpmnRI2232202xRPBm1A2ARP12ldlrndldN 232220)( 2lRIRndldB2222cscRlR1A2ARP12ldlrdRdl
3、2cscctgRl LdBB21sin20dnI)cos(cos2120nI 1nIB002aIdx IdxaII xPrOxxIdB20 xdxaI20dBBarrxdxaI20raraIln20aPrOxdx IxIORdldQRdRQdQdlrxdQdI2dQ22232220)( 2xrdIrdBdxrrQ2322220)(4方向竖直向上方向竖直向上ORdlrx222RxrsinRrLdBB222322220)(4dxrrQ22220sin4dRQRQ40ORdlrxlId304rrlIdBd30)(4rrl dqnSvdlIvSn nSdldN lIdv304rrvdNqBdvdNBd
4、B304rrvqrIB20Ll dB?IBIBLl dBLdlBLBdlrB2 I0L-与半径无关系与半径无关系LI0l d/l dLl dBLl dl dB)(/LBdl/2002rdrII0LIBl dl dl dab1L2L11l dBI111cosdlBdrB11dI201r2r2B1BdL1l d2l d22l dBdrB22dI20222cosdlBLl dB02121LLl dBl dBLIl dB0-安培环路定律安培环路定律a. IBBRBrLILl dBLBdlLdrBrB2IrB02rIB2022rRIIIrB02220RIr202 RIrBRBrR0RabcdLl dBb
5、cl dBbcBnIbcbcB0nIB0-均匀磁场均匀磁场RObaP)(22aRIjjjjbabaB201)()(2jba2)(0RObaP1BjaaB2022ja20RObaP1B2B21BBBPjajba2200jb20)(2220aRbIj1dl1Bd2dl2BdBdBPB BBLl dBdabcl dBl dBBl2jl020jBabcdl一一.洛仑兹力洛仑兹力BqvFmsinBvqFmv/vvBmFLFmeFFF)(BvEq-洛仑兹力公式洛仑兹力公式v Bv/ BvqROvqvBF qBmvRRvm2BvRT2qBm2vBBv/vcos/vv sinvv vqBmvRTvh/qBmv
6、/2B/vvvhIbdBV12dIBRUHH 12VIBvvLFeF BveFLHEHeEeF0HEeBveBvEH21UUUH21l dEH21)(l dBv21vBdlvBbnevbdI dIBneUH1neRH1IB12VHE12VIBvLFeFHE 21UUUH21)(l dBv21vBdlvBbdIBnqUH1nqRH1lIdIvSn BBveFLnSdldN lvdvdlnSdlBveFd)(BlenSvdBlIdFdLFdFenSvI LBlId0 xyABIRxFdyFdFdlIdlIdIBdldF 0 xyABIRLydFFLdFsinLIBdlsin0sin dIBRIBR
7、2jIBRF2dxyABIFdyFdxFdlIdBlIdFdlIdBcosdFdFxsindFsinIBdlIBdysindFdFyIBdxjIBLF问题:问题:从从A到到B的载流直的载流直导线结果如何?导线结果如何?lxxdFFlyydFFBAyydyIB0BAxxdxIBIBLABI0Rabcdl l Iyx0dadcbcabFFFFaddaBlIdF0Rabcdl l IyxadjdlIBjRlIB)2( dadcbcabFFFFjRlIB)2( ZIFdzFd/FdlIdBlIdFdlzdFFldFsinRdlIB20sinsin2 RIBZIFdzFd/Fd真空中的恒定磁场CB1l2
8、labcdadFbcFIIn)sin(1BIlFadsin1BIlFbcsin1BIl大小相等,方向相反,大小相等,方向相反,且在同一直线上,因且在同一直线上,因此相互抵消此相互抵消cdabFF 大小相等大小相等, 方向相反方向相反, 但作但作用线不在同一直线上用线不在同一直线上cdFabFB)(ba)(cdnBIl2力矩大小为力矩大小为sin2sin211lFlFMcdabsin21BlIlsinISBBnNISMcdFabFB)(ba)(cdnnNISpm-载流线圈的磁矩载流线圈的磁矩BpMmsinNISBM 2. =0:mpMB/max 1. = /2:5.非均匀磁场中的载流线圈既受到力
9、非均匀磁场中的载流线圈既受到力矩作用,还受到不为零的磁力作用矩作用,还受到不为零的磁力作用-既有转动,也有平动既有转动,也有平动IabdABCD IABABBdlIFABdldkIdakICDCDBdlIFbdakICDdlbdkIIabdABCD ICDABFFF)11(bddaKI)(bddabkI方向沿水平向左方向沿水平向左-向磁场较强的区域运动向磁场较强的区域运动dbakIlnBCBCBdlIFdrrkIbddBCDAFFIIabcd d cFa. IlBF ddFAddBIlladBlcddaBlcdcdcdBadBladBlddBIlABIddBlabcdd clcdFabFB)(ba)(cdndMddA )(cosBISddBISsin)cos(BSIdBIddA21BIdA)(12IBIBIABIR060nnNISpmnRNI221 060sinBpMm23212BRNI243RNIBBIR060n3.BIA)60cos22(22RBRBNI241RNIB磁力矩作正功,它使磁力矩作正功,它使夹角减少到零夹角减少到零)(12IBIR060n