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1、.绝密启用前2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）（科目代码204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生必须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的试卷条形码粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分
2、必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束后，将答题卡和试题册按规定一并交回，不可带出考场。考生姓名： 考生编号：2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A ,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without wor
3、k .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A dif
4、ferent and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 per
5、cent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. P
6、erhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a soc
7、iety designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University
8、of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard days work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I dont have to
9、 work, I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1A boastingB denyingC warningD ensuring2A inequalityB instabilityC unreliabilityD uncertainty3A policyBguidelineC resolutionD prediction4A
10、 characterizedBdividedC balancedDmeasured5A wisdomB meaningC gloryD freedom6A InsteadB IndeedC ThusD Nevertheless7A richB urbanCworkingD educated8A explanationB requirement C compensationD substitute9A underB beyondC alongsideD among10A leave behindB make upC worry aboutD set aside11A statisticallyB
11、 occasionallyC necessarilyD economically12A chancesB downsidesC benefitsD principles13A absenceB heightC faceD course14A disturbB restoreC excludeD yield15A modelB practiceC virtueD hardship16A trickyB lengthyC mysteriousD scarce17A demandsB standardsC qualitiesD threats18A ignoredB tiredC confusedD
12、 starved19A offB againstC behindD into20A technologicalB professionalC educationalD interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Ever
13、y Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandpa
14、rents; their times range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great
15、 legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the runup to 2012but the general population was g
16、rowing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a
17、 generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders, by contra
18、st, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots
19、”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in school
20、s. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make the
21、m worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .A gained great popularityB created many jobsC strengthened community tiesD become an official festival22. The author believes that Londons Olympic“legacy” has failed to .A boost population growthB promote sport participationC improve the citys imageD
22、 increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .A aims at discovering talentsB focuses on mass competitionC does not emphasize elitismD does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .A organize “grassroots
23、” sports eventsB supervise local sports associationsC increase funds for sports clubsD invest in public sports facilities25. The authors attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .A tolerantB criticalC uncertainD sympatheticText 2With so much focus on childrens use of screens, its easy
24、 for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”Ra
25、desky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate obs
26、ervation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unrespons
27、iveas they often are when absorbed in a deviceit can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank exp
28、ression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention. “Parents dont have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verb
29、al or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky. On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “Its based on a somewhat fa
30、ntasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no value to itparticularly if it gives parents time to have a s
31、hower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny
32、Radesky, digital products are designed to _.A simplify routine mattersB absorb user attentionC better interpersonal relationsD increase work efficiency27. Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices _.A takes away babies appetiteB distracts childrens attentionC slows down babies
33、 verbal developmentD reduces mother-child communication28. Radeskys cites the “still face experiment” to show that _.A it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC children are insensitive to changes in their parents moodD paren
34、ts need to respond to childrens emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_.A protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC ensure constant interaction with their childrenD remain concerned about kids use of scre
35、ens30. According to Tronick, kids use of screens may_.A give their parents some free timeB make their parents more creativeC help them with their homeworkD help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expect
36、ations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesnt it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesnt feel natural to spend a y
37、ear doing something that isnt academic.But while this may be true, its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. Theres always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrati
38、ve career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuitsin fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who
39、 do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changesall things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college
40、and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimationblunders.If youre not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the
41、 National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isnt surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applica
42、tions, but switching to another after taking college classes. Its not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nur
43、sing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_.A they think it academically misleadingB they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC
44、it feels strange to do differently from othersD it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_ .A keep students from being unrealisticB lower risks in choosing careersC ease freshmens financial burdensD relieve freshmen of press
45、ures33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to_ .A adaptationB applicationC motivationD competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_ .A avoid academic failuresB establish long-term goalsC switch to another collegeD decide on the right major35. The
46、 most suitable title for this text would be_ .A In Favor of the Gap YearB The ABCs of the Gap YearC The Gap Year Comes BackD The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management. In 2015, the US Forest Service for the firs