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1、动词不定式动词不定式（The Infinitive ） 初三英语总复习初三英语总复习 1、 动词不定式的结构形式动词不定式的结构形式 动词不定式通常由不定式符号动词不定式通常由不定式符号to+动词动词原形构成。不带原形构成。不带to的不定式便与动词原形的不定式便与动词原形同形。否定式为同形。否定式为not或或never+to+动词原形动词原形 或或 not或或never+动词原形动词原形1) He likes to read novels.2) I saw him come. 3) We decided not to buy that house.4) She wished never to
2、see him again 5) Please let him not go there. 不定式不带不定式不带“时间时间”的标记，也不受主语的标记，也不受主语“人称人称”和和“数数”的制约，但有的制约，但有“体体”、“态态”的形态变化，以动词的形态变化，以动词write为例，如为例，如一般形式：（一般形式：（to write），完成体形式（），完成体形式（to have written），被动态（），被动态（to be written） Eg: 1) The problem to have been discussed at the meeting is very hard.2) There
3、 are twenty more trees to be planted.1、不定式的特点：、不定式的特点：动词不定式可以充当的句子成分动词不定式可以充当的句子成分1、作主语、作主语2、作宾语、作宾语3、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语4、作表语、作表语5、作定语、作定语6、作状语、作状语一、一、 作主语：作主语： 1.作主语多用在谚语中作主语多用在谚语中 To see is to believe. 作主语的动词不定式常为作主语的动词不定式常为it替代，而将它放在替代，而将它放在后面。后面。 疑问词疑问词What / which/ whether /how etc. +to do sth. 也可作主
4、语也可作主语When and where to have the meeting is still unknown. To say is easy, but to do is hard.2. It + be + n (for sb) to do sth. It is my duty to help you with your English . It is time to have sports . 3. It +be + adj +for/of sb to do sth. 用介词用介词for的形容词多为描述不定式的形容词多为描述不定式行为的特征行为的特征 （easy / hard / imp
5、ortant / necessary / interesting etc.） 用介词用介词ofof的形容词多为的形容词多为 描述逻辑主描述逻辑主语的思想品质语的思想品质 （kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish / careless / right / clever etc.） 1)It is easy for me to learn English well. 2)It is foolish of him to meet her again. 4.It takes sb some time / money to do sth. 1)It takes u
6、s hours to finish our homework every day. 1、It is necessary _us to learn to wait. (of/for)2、It was careless _me to break the cup . （of/for)3、It took them 1,000 yuan _this table.(buy)4、Where _the corner is a difficult problem.(turn)to buyforofto turn5、Whether _there hasnt been decided . (go)6、轮到我们打扫教
7、室了。、轮到我们打扫教室了。7、To save time is to lengthen life. （翻（翻译成中文）译成中文）to goIts our turn to clean the classroom.节省时间就是延长生命。节省时间就是延长生命。a.a.谓语动词谓语动词+ to do sth 此类谓语动词多办表示此类谓语动词多办表示“意愿意愿”、“企图企图”等等 如：如：want / wish / ask / like / would like / love / would love / hope / plan / try / decide / get / learn / need /
8、 agree / choose / begin / start / forget / remember / manage / seem / refuse / expect / afford / beg etc.1、I hope to finish it tomorrow . 2、She chose to go and teach in the country 二、作宾语二、作宾语b.b.谓语动词谓语动词+疑问词疑问词+to do sth 如：如：tell / show / teach / ask / advise +wh-及及how to do sth 1、I dont know what t
9、o do next. 2、She cant decide which book to buy c.谓语动词谓语动词+it( 形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补（adj）+to do sth此类动词通常是使役动词或表此类动词通常是使役动词或表“判判断断”的动词，的动词，如：如：make / feel / think / find等等He feels it difficult to make what he wants. 练习练习1、Dont forget _.(叫他来）叫他来） 2、I happened _when he called me. （出去）（出去）3、I dont like_. (打扰别人
10、）打扰别人）4、Sam is learning_. (怎样开车）怎样开车）5、 I found _ hard _.(学好英语学好英语难）难）to ask him to cometo go outto trouble othershow to drive a carit to learn English wella. 谓语动词谓语动词 + 宾语（宾语（sb/sth) + to do sth此类谓语动词多此类谓语动词多为为表命令、忠告表命令、忠告如：如：help / want / wish / like / ask / tell / teach / order / allow / advise /
11、 get1、The teacher asked her to answer the question. 2、The doctor told me to have a good rest. 三、作宾补三、作宾补 b. .谓语动词谓语动词+宾语宾语+不带不带to的不定式的不定式 此类谓语动词多为感觉动词，此类谓语动词多为感觉动词， 使役动词，使役动词， 或表示心理状态的动词。或表示心理状态的动词。 如：如：feel / see / hear / watch / notice / look at / listen to / let / make / have etc. 1、John made her
12、 tell him everything. (主主动）动）2、She was made to tell him everything .（被动）（被动）1、We feel the train _.(move/to move)2、Do you like listening to other people_? (talk / talking/to talk ) 3、Jim was seen _the room. (enter /to enter )4、Please tell her _at once . (go /not to go)movetalkto enternot to go5、Ill h
13、elp you _this problem. (to solve /solve )6、 I wish you to stay with us.(改成复合改成复合句）句）7、Her story made us laugh. (改成被动句）改成被动句）(to ) solveI wish you will stay with us.We were made to laugh by her story.a. S + be + to do sth 此类主语多为此类主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / mistake / dream / work / job 等等
14、 名词名词 1、My wish was to be a singer. 2、Another problem is where to stop the car . 四、作表语四、作表语b. .谚语中：谚语中：To do sth + be + to do sth 1、To mention the wolfs name is to see the same. 2、To know everything is to know nothing. 放在被修饰词的后面，与被修饰词有放在被修饰词的后面，与被修饰词有动宾动宾关系关系或或主谓关系主谓关系。不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的不定式为不及物动词时后面应
15、有必要的介词介词。 1、I have a lot of work to do. 2、My teacher is always the first to come to school and the last to leave. 五、作定语五、作定语3、He hasnt a house to live in.4、I have no pens to write with.a. 作原因状语作原因状语S + be + adj(表情感表情感) + to do sth (happy/ glad angry / sorry / sad /afraid etc.)Im sorry to hear that.
16、六、作状语六、作状语Im glad to see you. b.b.作目的状语作目的状语 In order to learn English well, she works very hard. The soldier ran into the room to save the little girl .c.c.作结果状语作结果状语 too + adj/adv +to do sth. n/adj/adv enough to do sthYou are too young to do this job. He ran fast enough to catch the bus. All I did
17、 was to give him some advice . His dream is to travel all over the world. Lucy needs a friend to play with . He was the last guest to arrive . This is the best book to read . 下列不定式作何种成分：下列不定式作何种成分：（表语）（表语）（表语）（表语）（定语）（定语）（定语）（定语）（定语）（定语）. He was surprised to see you He got up early so as to catch th
18、e first bus. They ran too slowly to catch up with us . The hall is not big enough to hold 5,000 people.下列不定式作何种成分：下列不定式作何种成分：（状语）（状语）（状语）（状语）（状语）（状语）（状语）（状语）动词不定式的注意点：动词不定式的注意点：1begin/ start/ hate/ like/love/ plan/ prefer，etc. Vt.+to do sth.和和 Vt.+doing 意义相似意义相似 2但但forget / remember / go on / stop / try ,etcVt.+to do sth.和和 Vt.+doing 意义不相同意义不相同动词不定式的注意点：动词不定式的注意点：3. 介词介词 to 与与不定式不定式 to 的区别的区别be used to习惯于习惯于 thanks to 由于由于,多亏多亏 prefer to 比较比较 make a contribution to 为为 作贡献作贡献 write to 写信给写信给 according to 根据根据Look forward to 期待，盼望期待，盼望