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1、.初中英语被动语态深度讲解语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：They built the bridge. The bridge was built by them.（一） 被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 1一般现在时：amisaretaught She often watersthe
2、flowers.The flowers are often watered by herEnglish is spoken by lots of people in the world 2一般过去时：wasweretaught Was/were doneWe visited a form yesterday.A form was visited yesterday by us.the cup was broken by the boy.He was saved at last.My bike was stolen,Some new computers were stolen last nigh
3、t.This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年3一般将来时：willshall betaught Am/ is /are going to be doneShe will plant some trees this week.some trees will be planted this week.our class is going to hold a party this morning.A party is going to be held this evening by our classA new road will be built n
4、ext year4现在进行时：amisare beingtaught 过去进行时：was/ were being doneHe is reading a novel.A novel is being readThe problem was being discussed nowThe machine was being repaired at this time yesterday.5现在完成时：havehas beentaught 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面We have finished the work.The work has already been finished
5、by us.6情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词He can speak English English can be spoken by himWe should plant more trees on the mountainMore trees should be planted on the mountainYou must finished your homework in time your homework must be finished finished in time（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟
6、。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙
7、造的。(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须转为带to不定式。 如：I saw a bag drop f
8、rom the bus. A bag was seen to drop from the bus.Mother made her baby sleep in her arms. The baby was made to sleep in her mothers arms. I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office. 看见他进入了教师办公室。We often hear her sing in the next room.She is often heard to sing i
9、n the next room.The boss made them work for 16 hours a dayThey were msde to work for 16 hours a days by the boss(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. The pen was given to me las
10、t year. 这支笔是去年给我的。He bought me a book=a book was bought for me by him直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。如：Mr. Smith gave us a lecture. We were given a lecture by Mr. Smith.或 -A lecture was given by Mr. Smith.当句中含有return, write, find, buy等动词时，常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主语，同时要注意介词的搭配。 如：I returned him the book. The book was retur
11、ned to him. （注意用to）He wrote me a short note. A short note was written to me.(注意用to)He found me an umbrella. An umbrella was found for me. (注意用for)I bought her some flowers. Some flowers were bought for her. （注意用for）【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, t
12、each, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。(4) 动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。(5)
13、短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略，短语动词应当看作一个整体。如：She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。We cant look down upon anybody. Anybody cant be looked down upon.The doorkeeper turns off the lights at 11 pm e
14、very day. The lights are turned off at 11 pm by the doorkeeper every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do 变成to be done（五）不用被动语态的情况1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spr
15、ead, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 如，After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 (错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The accident was happened last week. (对) The accident hap
16、pened last week. (错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised. (错) Please seat. (对) Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2）动词形式上是被动的，但实际上是“系动词+表语”结构，一般学习方法是靠平时积累。如：He is seated at the desk. 他坐在桌旁。The boy was lost in the street. 男孩在街上迷路了
17、。The girl is dressed in a red skirt. 这个女孩穿着红裙子。He was drunk in the bar. 他在酒吧喝醉了。My dream is gone with the wind. 我的梦随风而去了。3）当break, wash, sell, burn, read, clean, run, ride, wear, write, open, close等动词有状语修饰时，用主动形式表示被动意义。Glass breaks easily. 玻璃易碎。The cloth washes well. 这种布料很好洗。This new book sells well
18、. 新书很畅销。Dry wood burns easily. 干柴易燃。The letter reads as follows. 信的内容如下。The glass cleans easily. 这些杯子易洗。The new car runs well. 这辆新车跑得很正常。My new bike rides well. 我的新自行车很好骑。The shoes wear long. 这种鞋子很耐穿。The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很流畅。 The shop opens at 9 am and closes at 9 pm4) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： f
19、it, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 如，This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.5) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get,
20、 grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. The food looks nice but tastes bad .Your pikan sounds good.6) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night. 7) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is
21、liked by her.二、复习时需要注意的要点（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。（3）在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear等，以及使役动词make,
22、let等。小试 用括号中动词的适当形式填空。1. The Mid-Autumn Festival _(celebrate) in China.2. I _ (ask) by my mother not to touch the dog yesterday.3. Books of this kind _ (sell) very well.4. Have you moved into the new house?Not yet, the room _ (paint).5. The boy _ (bring up) in the countryside.6. A good job _ me last
23、 year. (offer)初中英语被动语态专项练习( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often
24、sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 7 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _.
25、 A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold( )8A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 9 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B ill be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 10 Doctors _ in every part of the
26、 world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( )11 His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( ) 12 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 13 These papers _ yet. A. ha
27、ve not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written( ) 14 The sports meet _ be held until next week.A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( ) 15 -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 16 _
28、 the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 17_ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 18 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting heldC. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 19 Who was the book_?A. write B.
29、 wrote C. written D. written by( ) 20 Where _ these boxes A. was B. were C. is D. am( )21 The flowers _ often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 22 The books may_ for two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 23 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. ca
30、n mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended( ) 24 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A.is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuiltC. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( ) 25 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown( )
31、 26 The old stone bridge _ next week.A.is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild( )27Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 28The pot _ for _ hot water.A.used; keeping B. was
32、used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( )29Tea _ in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 30 The bridges_ two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 31 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. hanged C. hang
33、ing D. hung( )32 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 33 The teapot _ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( ) 34Old people must be looked after well and _ pol
34、itely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( ) 35 Old people must _.A. look after well B. be looked well afterC. looked well after D. be looked after well( ) 36 Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care ofC. take good care of D. take good care( )37 They were_
35、at the sudden noise.A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 38These walls_stone.A.are made ofB. made of C. are made intoD. made into( ) 39 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( )40 The papers _ to them. A. were shown B. show C.
36、shown / D. have shown( ) 41 The coat _her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to( ) 42 I_ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 43 Good care_such things. A.should take of B. should be takenC. should be taking D
37、. should be taken of( ) 44She will_good care_.A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you( )45The teacher made him_ his homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done( ) 46 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean
38、( ) 47 These children_dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to( ) 48 These stones _ well. A. are fitted B. fitC. fit D. is fitted( )49 The bike _ 500 yuan.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed( )50 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.A. was had B. was held C
39、. held D. had( ) 51 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. hadtaken place( ) 52 You cant use the computer, it_.A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down( ) 53 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years.A.ha
40、ve happened B. happenedC. have been happened D. were happened( ) 55 The watch has often _ down. A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell( ) 56 Please pass me another cup. This one_.A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken( ) 57 The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s.A. are written B. were written
41、 C. are writing D. were writing( ) 58 What time _ the door _ every day?A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close( )59 Can he_himself? A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of( )60 He fell from his bike and _.A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurtKey:1. is celebrated 2. was asked 3. sell 4. is being painted 5. was brought up 6. was offered to1-5 BDDDC 610 BCBBC 11-15AABBA 16-20BABDB 21-25BADAA26-30ADBBC 31-35DBADD 36-40BBABA 41-45CDDBB46-50AAACB 51-55DDACA 56-60BCBCC