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1、【高中英语语法】动【高中英语语法】动名词名词 主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. 翻译翻译: 眼见为实眼见为实. Seeing is believing.la. Its no good talking a lot without doing anything.l 对此争论是浪费时间对此争论是浪费时间.l Its a waste of time arguing about it.lb. The
2、res no joking about such matters.l Theres no saying what hell be doing next.l Theres no telling what hes going to do.l注：注：与与的区别：的区别：l 动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；l 不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起l Its no use cryin
3、g over spilt milk. (抽象抽象)l He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体具体)l a. 当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词； 当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如：当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.lb. 动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语形式主语 ，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词
4、，不宜但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替：用不定式来代替：l Its no use doing l Its no good doing l Its a waste of time doing l Its fun doing 如：如： Its no use going there today; he wont be at home. Its no good waiting here. Lets walk home. Its great fun sailing a boat.lc. 而在而在Its important / Its necessary / Its advisable
5、 / Its essential 这类句型中这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：，只能用不定式，如：l Its important to learn foreign languages.l 读许多遍是很有必要的读许多遍是很有必要的.l Its quite necessary to read it many times. l lHearing the words, she couldnt help thinking of her past bitterness.l我们都回避提及此事我们都回避提及此事.lWe all avoided mentioning that matter. 能用动名词作宾语的动词
6、有两类：能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类： . 只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有： avoid, admit, advise, appreciate, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, cant help, imagine, keep (on), dont mind, miss, practise, put off, go on, resist, suggest等，如：等，如： I enjoy working with you. 玛莉正考虑换工作玛莉正考虑换工作. Mary is c
7、onsidering changing her job. Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? . 既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：的动词，其中有： begin, continue, forget, hate, like, love, prefer, propose（建议，打算）（建议，打算）, regret, remember, start, try, want, need, stopl但是在下列情况下，通常用但是在下列情况下，通常用：la. 在在like / love / prefer / ha
8、te 后表示一个特定后表示一个特定的新动作时：的新动作时：l I like to buy a suit.l 我不愿意让他们失望我不愿意让他们失望l I hate to disappoint them. lb. 当谓语动词已用进行时态时：当谓语动词已用进行时态时：l The water is beginning / starting to boil.l Im starting to work on my essay next week.lc. 在在begin 等后，非限定动词由某些状态动等后，非限定动词由某些状态动词构成时（即：指心理状态或精神活动时）词构成时（即：指心理状态或精神活动时）l S
9、he began to believe his story.l He began to realize that he was wrong.ld. 当主语是物，不是人时：当主语是物，不是人时：l The water started / began to boil.l The ice started / began to melt. 在在need, want, deserve等后，可用动名词的主等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如：般
10、是物），如： The door needs oiling / to be oiled.lC. 有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别不同，须认真加以区别 (mean, remember)l I forgot to close the door before I left the room.l I forgot having closed the door.l He tried to write better. (尽量努力地写尽量努力地写)l He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试着写用毛笔试着写)l I
11、 couldnt help finishing it. (不能不结束某事不能不结束某事)l I couldnt help to finish it. (不能帮助结束某事不能帮助结束某事)l They left off fishing. (停止钓鱼停止钓鱼)l They left off to fish. (离开某处出发去钓鱼离开某处出发去钓鱼)l I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)l I regret not taking your advice. (后悔后悔
12、) 动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。常见的有：作介词的宾语。常见的有：insist on / persist in / think of / dream of / hear of / prevent from / keep from / stop from / feel like / be engaged in / depend on / thank for / excuse for / set about / spend in / be fond of / be afraid of / be tired of / succeed in
13、 / be interested in / be proud of / burst out / give up object to / look forward to / contribute to / devote to / get (be) used to / lead to / 等，等，如：如：lWhy do you persist ?l He insisted .l They all objected .l Are you interested ?l Im thinking .l I dont feel .l She is afraid .l He finally got tired
14、.l(3) v.+ Gerund (object)l v. + object + infinitive (complement) l advise, admit, allow, consider, permit, encourage, forbid, recommendl She recommended us to visit the town of London.l She recommended visiting the town of London. ( ) He warned me . She left . , she had to take care of the children.
15、 He felt uncomfortable .如：如：l Whats their reason ?l Have you any objection ?l He has little hope .如：如： singing competition swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method 有时
16、为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个可以在动名词之前加上一个或或，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格人称代词宾格或或名词普通格名词普通格，但主要用于，但主要用于中。中。 She wont hear of . Do you object to ? 作主语：作主语： 放在句首作主语应该用物主代词和所有格放在句首作主语应该用物主代词和所有格 was a great encouragement to us. wont be of much help.l 作表语：作表语：lOur so
17、le worry is .lWhats troubling them is l 作宾语：作宾语：lDo you mind ?lPlease excuse .l 作介词宾语：作介词宾语：lThey insisted on .lDo you think there will be any chance of ? l动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，如：，如：lThey are all interested
18、 in climbing mountains.lHe took a great delight in helping others.如：如：lHe didnt mention having met me.lI regret not having taken her advice.lI dont remember having ever promised you that.在某些动词之后（或在成语中）常用（在某些动词之后（或在成语中）常用（或可以用）动名词的一般形式表示在谓语动或可以用）动名词的一般形式表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，如：作之前发生的动作，如：lExcuse me for coming late.lI dont remember ever seeing him anywhere.如：如：lThis question is far from .lHe did it without .lThey insisted on .lHe didnt mind .如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式，如：生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式，如： I dont remember