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1、专题四动词专题四动词 专题四专题四 动词动词 考点直击 考点考点1 动词的种类动词的种类 1情态动词情态动词初中阶段学过的情态动词有初中阶段学过的情态动词有can/could, may/might, must, need，will/would, shall/should。情态动词有一定的含义，。情态动词有一定的含义，但不能单独使用，需与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词但不能单独使用，需与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not(have to 除外除外)，其疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前。，其疑问形式
2、是将情态动词提至主语前。专题四专题四 动词动词 分类分类用法用法例句例句can 与与be able to(1)两者都表示能力，意为两者都表示能力，意为“能够；可以能够；可以”。be able to可用于任何时态，可用于任何时态，can只能只能用于一般现在时和一般过去用于一般现在时和一般过去时。时。(2)can和和could(can的过去式的过去式)还可以表示请求和猜测。还可以表示请求和猜测。(3)cant 可表示否定推测。可表示否定推测。 (1)They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他们很快就告诉你消息他们很快就告诉你消息了。了。(2)Cou
3、ld I have the television on?我可以看电视吗？我可以看电视吗？(请求请求)Yes, you can./No, you cant. 是的，你可以。是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。不，你不可以。(3)That cant be Mr Wang. He has gone to Beijing. 那肯定不是王老师，他已经去北那肯定不是王老师，他已经去北京了。京了。(猜测猜测)专题四专题四 动词动词 may 与与might(1)两者都表示两者都表示“可能，可以，可能，可以，请求，许可，祝愿请求，许可，祝愿”，might的的语气较为委婉。语气较为委婉。(2)以以may开头的一般疑问句
4、的开头的一般疑问句的否定回答不用否定回答不用may not，而是用，而是用mustnt。(3) might(may的过去式的过去式)有两种有两种用法：用法：表示过去式；表示过去式；表示表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、客气，或表示可能性更小。客气，或表示可能性更小。(1)May I use your pen?我能用你的钢笔吗？我能用你的钢笔吗？Yes, you may./No, you mustnt.是的，你可以。是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。不，你不可以。(2)Might I borrow some money now?我现在可以借点钱吗？我现在可以借点钱吗？(3)He
5、 might be alive. 他可能还活着。他可能还活着。专题四专题四 动词动词 have to与与must(1)两者都表示两者都表示“必须必须”。must表示说话人的主观意愿；表示说话人的主观意愿；have to表示客观需要。表示客观需要。(2) must可以表示肯定推测，可以表示肯定推测，意为意为“一定，准是一定，准是”，否定，否定猜测用猜测用cant。否定形式为。否定形式为mustnt意为意为“禁止；不得；一定禁止；不得；一定不要不要”。(3) 对对must构成的一般疑问句构成的一般疑问句进行回答时，其肯定回答用进行回答时，其肯定回答用“Yes，must.”， 否定回否定回答用答用“
6、No, neednt.或或No, dont/doesnt have to.”(1)My brother was badly ill. I had to call the doctor. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得把医生请来。我只得把医生请来。(2) I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。我今天必须完成我的工作。(3) You mustnt drive after drinking. 禁止酒后驾车。禁止酒后驾车。(4)Must I go home now?我必须现在回家吗？我必须现在回家吗？No, you neednt/dont hav
7、e to. 不，你不需要。不，你不需要。(5) The man must be our teacher.那个人一定是我们的老师。那个人一定是我们的老师。 (推测推测)专题四专题四 动词动词 shall与与shouldshall常用于第一人称的句子常用于第一人称的句子中，中， 表示提建议或请求；表示提建议或请求；should意为意为“应该应该”，可用于，可用于各种人称的句子中强调义务各种人称的句子中强调义务或责任。或责任。(1)Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散步好吗？我们出去散步好吗？(提建议提建议)(2)You should study hard at scho
8、ol. 你们在学校应该努力学习。你们在学校应该努力学习。(劝劝告告)will与与wouldwill用于第二人称疑问句时，用于第二人称疑问句时，表示征求意见或提建议；表示征求意见或提建议；would为为will的过去式，可用于的过去式，可用于多种人称，表示意愿。多种人称，表示意愿。(1)Would you like to go shopping with me？你愿意和我去逛街？你愿意和我去逛街吗？吗？(2)Your parents will try their best to help you. 你的父母会尽最你的父母会尽最大的努力来帮助你。大的努力来帮助你。专题四专题四 动词动词 need(
9、1)need作情态动词时，表示作情态动词时，表示“需需要，必须要，必须”。主要用于否定句和。主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为疑问句中，其否定形式为neednt，表示，表示“没有必要，不没有必要，不必必”；对；对need构成的一般疑问句构成的一般疑问句进行回答时，其肯定回答用进行回答时，其肯定回答用“Yes，must.”， 否定回答用否定回答用“No, neednt.”。 (2)need 还可以用作实义动词，常还可以用作实义动词，常用于以下两种结构：用于以下两种结构：need to do sth 需要做某事；需要做某事； need doing sth某事需要被做。某事需要被做。(1)She
10、 neednt go there right now. 她现在没必要去那里。她现在没必要去那里。(2)Need I come？我必须来？我必须来吗？吗？Yes, you must. 是的，你必是的，你必须来。须来。(3)I need to learn more. 我需我需要学习更多。要学习更多。(4)My hair needs cutting. 我我的头发该剪了。的头发该剪了。归纳归纳情态动词表推测的用法：情态动词表推测的用法：(1)在肯定句中一般用在肯定句中一般用must(一定一定)，may/might(可能可能)，could(也许；或许也许；或许)，其中，其中must表推测的语气最强，其余
11、表推测的语气最强，其余依次减弱。依次减弱。(2)在否定句中一般用在否定句中一般用cant/couldnt(不可能不可能)。(3)在疑问句中用在疑问句中用can/could(能能)。如：。如：Can the red sweater be Toms？这件红色的毛衣会是？这件红色的毛衣会是汤姆的吗？汤姆的吗？No, it cant.He cant stand red.不，不， 不可能。他忍受不可能。他忍受不了红色。不了红色。专题四专题四 动词动词 【例题解析【例题解析】1. Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green?Yes, Im afraid
12、we_. Thats the traffic rule.A. can B. may C. have to D. need解析解析 C考查情态动词的用法。由上文句意考查情态动词的用法。由上文句意“我们必须我们必须等到灯变绿等到灯变绿”和下文句意和下文句意“那是交通规则那是交通规则”可知，我们必可知，我们必须要等到灯变为绿色。须要等到灯变为绿色。have to意为意为“不得不不得不”，强调客观，强调客观上的要求。上的要求。专题四专题四 动词动词 2. Where are you going this month?We_ go to Xiamen, but were not sure.A. need
13、nt B. must C. might D. mustnt解析解析 C考查情态动词表推测。考查情态动词表推测。neednt意为意为“不必不必”；must意为意为“一定一定”；might意为意为“可能，也许可能，也许”， 表不是很表不是很肯定的猜测；肯定的猜测； mustnt意为意为“禁止禁止”。句意：。句意： “这个月你们这个月你们将去哪儿？将去哪儿？”“”“我们或许去厦门，但还不确定。我们或许去厦门，但还不确定。”故故C项符项符合语境。合语境。专题四专题四 动词动词 专题四专题四 动词动词 【典型例题训练【典型例题训练】()1. He_ be in the classroom, I thin
14、k. No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt()2. Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? Thanks, but you_. Ive had enough.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. needntCD专题四专题四 动词动词 ()3. Even the top students in our class cant
15、 work out this problem, so it_be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need()4. He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill.A. can B. shall C. must D. has to()5. _ I take this one?A. May B. Will C. Are D. DoC BA专题四专题四 动词动词 2助动词助动词助动词主要有助动词主要有do, does, did, have, has, had, will, would, shall, should等。助动
16、词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，等。助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。如：只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。如：Do you get up at 6：00 every morning？你每天早晨？你每天早晨6点起点起床吗？床吗？He doesnt like milk.他不喜欢牛奶。他不喜欢牛奶。专题四专题四 动词动词 ()Whats on the desk?There _ some books.Abe Bare Cis Dbeing【典型例题训练【典型例题训练】B 专题四专题四 动词动词 3系动词系动词系动词有系动词有be, seem, look, sound, sme
17、ll, taste, feel, keep, become, get, turn, grow等。系动词不能单独作谓语，必等。系动词不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起使用。表示状态的系动词一般没有进行时须与表语一起使用。表示状态的系动词一般没有进行时态，表变化的系动词常用于进行时态。试比较：态，表变化的系动词常用于进行时态。试比较：Tom looks very happy.(系动词系动词)汤姆看上去很高兴。汤姆看上去很高兴。Tom is looking at the picture happily.(行为动词行为动词)汤姆正高兴地看着那幅图。汤姆正高兴地看着那幅图。专题四专题四 动词动词 【典型例题
18、训练【典型例题训练】()Apples of this kind _Atastes good Btastes well Ctaste good Dtaste wellC 专题四专题四 动词动词 4行为动词行为动词行为动词分为及物动词行为动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词和不及物动词(vi.)两类，能独立两类，能独立作句子的谓语。作句子的谓语。(1)及物动词后面必须跟宾语才能完整地表达意思。如：及物动词后面必须跟宾语才能完整地表达意思。如：(误误)Yesterday I bought.(正正)Yesterday I bought a book.(2)不及物动词后面不跟宾语，句子的意思也完整。若
19、不及不及物动词后面不跟宾语，句子的意思也完整。若不及物动词后要跟宾语，则动词与宾语之间需加介词或副词，构物动词后要跟宾语，则动词与宾语之间需加介词或副词，构成动词短语。如：成动词短语。如：She cried yesterday. 她昨天哭了。她昨天哭了。Please listen to the teacher carefully. 请认真听老师讲课。请认真听老师讲课。专题四专题四 动词动词 【典型例题训练【典型例题训练】()1.Jim, can you _ this word in Chinese?Yes, I can_ a little Chinese.Aspeak; say Bsay; s
20、peak Ctell; speak Dtalk; say()2.They _five days finishing the work.Apaid Btook Cspent DcostC B专题四专题四 动词动词 考点考点2 动词常用的八种时态动词常用的八种时态 动词常动词常见的八见的八种时态种时态 一般一般 现在现在 过去过去 现在时：谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数形式现在时：谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数形式 过去时：谓语动词用过去式过去时：谓语动词用过去式将来时：谓语动词用将来时：谓语动词用“will/be going to 动词原形动词原形 进行时：谓语动词用进行时：谓语动词用“am/is/
21、are动词的现在分词动词的现在分词” 完成时：谓语动词用完成时：谓语动词用“have/has动词的过去分词动词的过去分词” 进行时：谓语动词用进行时：谓语动词用“was/were动词的现在分词动词的现在分词” 完成时：谓词动词用完成时：谓词动词用“had动词的过去分词动词的过去分词”将来时：谓语动词用将来时：谓语动词用“would或或was/were going to动词原形动词原形”专题四专题四 动词动词 时态时态名称名称用法用法构成构成常用时间状常用时间状语语例句例句一般一般现现在时在时(1)表示经常性、表示经常性、习惯性的动作习惯性的动作(2)表示现在的状表示现在的状态特征或真理态特征或
22、真理主语动词原主语动词原形；主语形；主语(第三第三人称单数人称单数)动动词词(第三人称单第三人称单数数)；主语；主语am/is/are其其他他often, usually，sometimes, every day, always (1) He goes to school every day. 他每天都去学校。他每天都去学校。(2) The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。地球绕着太阳转。一般一般过过去时去时(1)表示过去某时表示过去某时发生的事发生的事(2)表示过去存在表示过去存在的状态或过去反的状态或过去反复发生的动作复发生的动作主语动词过主语动词过
23、去式；主语去式；主语was/were其其他他yesterday, last year, ago, in 1999 He worked in a factory in 1986.他他1986年在这家工厂年在这家工厂工作。工作。专题四专题四 动词动词 一般一般将将来时来时(1)表示将来的动表示将来的动作或状态作或状态(2)表示即将发生表示即将发生的或最近打算进的或最近打算进行的事行的事(3)表示按计划即表示按计划即将发生的动作将发生的动作主语主语will/shall动动词原形；主语词原形；主语be going to动词原形；动词原形；go, come, start, move, leave等等可用
24、进行时态可用进行时态表将来表将来tomorrow, next week (year, month)(1)We will have a meeting tomorrow. 明天我们将开一个明天我们将开一个会议。会议。(2)Im leaving for Beijing. 我将要动我将要动身去北京。身去北京。专题四专题四 动词动词 现在现在进进行时行时表示现在表示现在正在进行正在进行的动作的动作主语主语am/is/are现在分词现在分词now, look, listen(1)Look! They are playing football. 看，他们正在踢足球。看，他们正在踢足球。(2)Im doin
25、g my homework now. 现在我正在做我的家庭现在我正在做我的家庭作业。作业。过去过去进进行时行时表示过去表示过去某一时刻、某一时刻、某一阶段某一阶段正在进行正在进行的动作的动作主语主语was/were现在分词现在分词at that moment, at this time yesterday, atoclock yesterday evening(1)I was watching TV at 8：00 yesterday evening. 昨天晚昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。上八点我正在看电视。(2)He was reading a novel when I came in. 当我进
26、来的当我进来的时候，他正在看小说。时候，他正在看小说。专题四专题四 动词动词 现在现在完完成时成时(1)表示动作在表示动作在说话之前已完说话之前已完成，对现在有成，对现在有影响影响(2)表示动作开表示动作开始于过去，持始于过去，持续到现在续到现在主语主语have/has过去过去分词分词just, ever, yet, already, so far, for和和since引导引导的时间状语的时间状语(1)He has been to Beijing. 他去过他去过北京。北京。 (2)He has studied English for 5 years. 他已他已经学习英语五年经学习英语五年了。
27、了。【例题解析【例题解析】1. Why are you worried?Im expecting a call from my daughter. She _ New York for three days.A.has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come in解析解析 C考查动词时态的用法。考查动词时态的用法。has gone to意为意为“去某去某地未返回地未返回”；has been to意为意为“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地”；has been in意为意为“待在某地待在某地”；has come in意为意为“已进来已进来”。由答
28、语。由答语“for three days”可知选可知选C。专题四专题四 动词动词 2. What did you do last night? I _TV and read books.A. watch B. watched C. have watched 解析解析 B考查谓语动词的用法。由于问句使用的一般过考查谓语动词的用法。由于问句使用的一般过去时，故答语中也要用一般过去时，故答案为去时，故答语中也要用一般过去时，故答案为B。专题四专题四 动词动词 专题四专题四 动词动词 【典型例题训练【典型例题训练】一、用所给词的适当形式完成句子一、用所给词的适当形式完成句子1. He_ (go)swi
29、mming in the river every day in summer. 2. It_(seem) you are right.3. Look! The children _ (play) basketball on the playground. 4. He_(listen) to the radio when I came in.5. It is very cold outside. I think it _(rain). goes seems are playing was listening is raining 专题四专题四 动词动词 6. I need some paper.
30、I _(bring) some for you. 7. I cant find my pen. Who _(take) it?8. He said that he _(come) back in five minutes. 9. I didnt meet him. He _(leave) when I got there.10. I _(lose) my bike, so I have to walk to school. 11. He _(sit) down and began to read the newspaper. 12. He is very hungry. He _(not ea
31、t) anything for three days. 13. I _(go) with you if I have time. will bring took would comehad left have lost sat hasnt eaten will go 专题四专题四 动词动词 14. We will go to the cinema if it _(be) fine. 15. I will tell her the news when she _(come) to see me next week. 16. When _ you _(buy) the car？In 1998.17
32、. We _(be) good friends since we met at school. 18. What _ you _(do) at five yesterday afternoon? 19. The bike is nice. How much _ it _(cost)? 20. When I arrived at the station, the train _(leave)is comes did buy have been were doing does cost had left 专题四专题四 动词动词 二、单项选择二、单项选择()1. Well go swimming i
33、f the weather _ fine tomorrow.A. is B. was C. will be D. is going to be()2. It _ five years since he left for Beijing.A. was B. has been C. is D. is going to be()3. Please dont leave the office until your friend_ back.A. came B. comes C. have come D. will comeABB专题四专题四 动词动词 ()4. By the end of last y
34、ear he _ about 1，500 English words.A. learns B. learned C. was learning D. had learned()5. Listen! Someone _ in the next room.A. cried B. crying C. is crying D. has cried()6. You must tell him the news as soon as you _ him.A. see B. sees C. will see D. is seeing()7. He told me that he _ to see us th
35、e next day.A. comes B. came C. will come D. would comeDCAD专题四专题四 动词动词 ()8. We cant find him anywhere. Perhaps he _ home.A. is going B. went C. has gone D. would go()9. The teacher told us that the sun _ bigger than the earth.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be()10. Could you tell me where the railwa
36、y station _？A. was B. is C. will be D. would be()11. We _ to the Great Wall several times.A. go B. were going C. have gone D. have beenACBD专题四专题四 动词动词 ()12. It seemed that the old man _ for something over there.A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked()13. He was sure that he _ his wallet in
37、the office.A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left()14. You must study hard if you _ want to fail the exam.A. wont B. dont C. havent D. hadnt()15. Im afraid you cant sit here.Sorry, I _ know.A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didntCCBD专题四专题四 动词动词 ()16. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.A. read;
38、 was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell()17. Jim is not coming tonight.But he _！A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised()18. Whats her name?I _A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgettingBBA专题四专题四 动词动词 ()19. Jack_his thick coat because it
39、was snowing.A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on()20. He_the picture on the wall.A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged()21. Next month_twentyfive years old.A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to have()22. You_her again in a few weeks.A.
40、will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seenBBBA专题四专题四 动词动词 ()23. By the end of last term we_English for two years.A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D. had studied()24. Mrs Brown_in New York for three years before she went to London.A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. wi
41、ll live()25. When we arrived, the dinner_A. already began B. has already begun C. had already begun D. was just begunBDC专题四专题四 动词动词 ()26. I will go home for the holiday as soon as I_ my exams.A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished()27. When_， Ill talk to him.A. does Peter come B. Peter wi
42、ll come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come()28. My sister_to see me. Shell be here soon.A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. cameCBB专题四专题四 动词动词 ()29. They said they_ the next day.A. had come B. came C. would come D. will come()30. The old man said that light_faster than sound.A. went B. will go C. tra
43、vels D. will travelCC专题四专题四 动词动词 考点考点3 动词的语态动词的语态 英语中的谓语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。前英语中的谓语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。试比较：为动作的承受者。试比较：试比较：试比较： Tom broke the window (主动语态主动语态)(被动语态被动语态)The window wasbroken by Tom 专题四专题四 动词动词 被动语态的基本结构是被动语态的基本结构是“be动词的过去分词动词的过去分
44、词”。与主动。与主动语态一样，被动语态也有各种时态变化，列表如下语态一样，被动语态也有各种时态变化，列表如下(以助以助动词动词do为例为例)：时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般现在一般现在时时do/doesam/is/aredone一般过去一般过去时时didwas/weredone一般将来一般将来时时will/be (am/is/are)going todowill/be (am/is/are)going tobedone专题四专题四 动词动词 注意注意(1)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物物)作主语的作主语的被动语态时，间接宾语被动语态时，间
45、接宾语(人人)前必须加介词前必须加介词to或或for。如：。如：My father bought me a computer.A computer was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我父亲给我买了一台电脑。我买了一台电脑。(2)感官动词和使役动词感官动词和使役动词(hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等等)在主动语态中作谓语时，其宾语补足语后的动词不在主动语态中作谓语时，其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略定式省略to，但变成被动语态时，必须将，但变成被动语态时，必须将to还原。如：还原。如：The boss made the
46、 workers work 12 hours a day. The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.老板让工人们一天工作老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。个小时。专题四专题四 动词动词 记忆小技巧记忆小技巧 感官动词和使役动词：一感感官动词和使役动词：一感(feel)；二听；二听(hear，listen to)；三让；三让(let, make, have)；四看；四看(see, watch, look at, notice)【例题解析【例题解析】1. The mobile phone has influenced peop
47、les life a lot since it _A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 解析解析 D考查动词的时态和语态。句意：自从手机被发考查动词的时态和语态。句意：自从手机被发明后，它在很大程度上影响了人们的生活。根据语境可判明后，它在很大程度上影响了人们的生活。根据语境可判断用一般过去时，并且手机与动词断用一般过去时，并且手机与动词invent在逻辑上存在被动在逻辑上存在被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。专题四专题四 动词动词 2. The sports meeting _next
48、 month.A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held解析解析 C考查被动语态的用法。主语考查被动语态的用法。主语(the sports meeting)是谓语是谓语(hold)的承受者，需用被动语态。再由的承受者，需用被动语态。再由next month可可知句子要用一般将来时态。故选知句子要用一般将来时态。故选C。专题四专题四 动词动词 专题四专题四 动词动词 【典型例题训练【典型例题训练】一、用所给词的适当形式完成句子一、用所给词的适当形式完成句子(A)一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态1. Football _(play) a
49、ll over the world.2. Many trees _(plant) in North China.3. The flowers _(water) every day.4. A camera _(use) for taking photos.5. I _often_(ask) to do this work.is played are planted are watered is used am asked 专题四专题四 动词动词 (B)一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态1. The house _(build) in 1978.2. All the students _(a
50、sk) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.3. The car _(clean) by my dad yesterday.4. I _(tell) to wait for him right here.5. When _the present _(give) to him by his mother?was built were asked was cleaned was told was given 专题四专题四 动词动词 (C)一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态1. These films _(not develop) until tomor