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1、.2006年考研英语试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population._1_ homelessness has reached such proportions that local governmen
2、t cant possibly _2_. To help homeless people _3_ independence, the federal government must support job training programs,_4_ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing._5_everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates _6_ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _7_ the fig
3、ure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is_8_, one of the federal governments studies _9_ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to _10_ this growing homeless population has become increasingly di
4、fficult._11_when homeless individuals manage to find a _12_ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day_13_ the street, Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number
5、of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,_14_not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday _15_ skills need to turn their lives _16_.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are_17_programs that address the many needs of the h
6、omeless. _18_ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,_19_it. “There has to be _20_of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1.AIndeed BLikewise CTherefore DFurthermore2.Astand Bcope Capprove Dretain3.Ain Bfor Cwith Dtoward 4.Araise Badd Ctake Dkeep5.Ag
7、enerally Balmost Chardly Dnot6.Acover Bchange Crange Ddiffer7.ANow that BAlthough CProvided DExcept that 8.Ainflating Bexpanding Cincreasing Dextending9.Apredicts Bdisplays Cproves Ddiscovers10.Aassist Btrack Csustain Ddismiss11.AHence BBut CEven DOnly12.Alodging Bshelter Cdwelling Dhouse13.Asearchi
8、ng Bstrolling Ccrowding Dwandering14.Awhen Bonce Cwhile Dwhereas15.Alife Bexistence Csurvival Dmaintenance16.Aaround Bover Con Dup17.Acomplex Bcomprehensive Ccomplementary Dcompensating18.ASo BSince CAs DThus19.Aputs Binterprets Cassumes Dmakes20.Asupervision Bmanipulation Cregulation DcoordinationS
9、ection II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1 In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing peopl
10、e. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “
11、anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poiso
12、nous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for eve
13、ry 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation-language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “ver
14、y well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigr
15、ants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are
16、 married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain so
17、mehow immune to the nations assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
18、21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably meansA. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th centuryA.played a role in the spread of popular culture.B.became intimate shops for common consumers.C.sati
19、sfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.D.owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. A.are resistant to homogenization.B.exert a great influence on American culture.C.are hardly a threat to the common culture.D.constitute the majority of t
20、he population.24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?A. To prove their popularity around the world. B. To reveal the publics fear of immigrants.C. To give examples of successful immigrants.D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the authors op
21、inion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is A. rewardingB. successfulC. fruitlessD. harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industryWilliam Shakespearebut there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company
22、 (ASC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage, Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residen
23、ts of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSCs actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and d
24、id his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the sidedont usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage
25、 a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the towns revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by
26、nightfall.The townsfolk dont see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there,
27、which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk cant understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three year
28、s in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year theyll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratfo
29、rds most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)-lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 2
30、0 seats and 80 standingroom tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.Text 3 When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-gr
31、owing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have loo
32、ked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper publishe
33、d in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reas
34、on for this is that fishing technology has improved. Todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than
35、the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Further
36、more, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into accoun
37、t. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the shifting baseline. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters b
38、ecause theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted
39、to suggest thatA. large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment.B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worms paper that A. the stock of
40、large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.33. By saying these f
41、igures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that A. fishing technology has improved rapidly B. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recordedC. the marine biomass has suffered a greater lossD. the data collected so far are out of date.34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold tha
42、tA. people should look for a baseline that cant work for a longer time.B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomassC. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with
43、 most fisheriesA.management efficiencyB.biomass levelC.catch-size limitsD.technological application.Text 4Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. This wasnt always s
44、o. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaires flowers of evil. You could argue tha
45、t art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But its not as if earlier times didnt know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is
46、 the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surr
47、ounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, ne