《2022年初三英语定语从句的用法和精练 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年初三英语定语从句的用法和精练 .pdf（5页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中 ,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who (宾格 whom,所有格 whose)等, 关系副词包 where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人 ,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略 ,作宾语可省略。例如 : Mary likes musi
2、c that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 (that 作主语 ) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语 ) 2.which 用于指物 ,在句中作主语或宾语 ,作主语不可省略 ,作宾语可省略。例如 : The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语 ) The film (which) we saw last night was won
3、derful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语 ) 3.who, whom 用于指人 ,who 用作主语 ,whom 用作宾语。在口语中 ,有时可用 who 代替 whom, 也可省略。例如 : The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语 ) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语 ) 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时 ,who, that, whic
4、h 可省略 ,但介词在关系代词前时 ,只能用 “ 介词+which/whom”结构。例如 : This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置 ,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。(3)that 作介词的宾语时 ,介词不能放它的前
5、面 ,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。(4)关系词只能用 that 的情况 : a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用 that,而不用 which.例如: 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页2He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much,
6、 many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时 ,只能用 that,而不用 which.例如 : Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时 ,只能用 that,而不用 which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用 tha
7、t, 而不用 which. 例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句 ,为避免重复 ,只能用 that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 ? f.主句是 there be 结构 ,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用 which.例如 : There is a book on the desk that belongs to T
8、om. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。(5)关系词只能用 which,而不用 that 的情况 : a.先行词为 that, those 时,用 which, 而不用 that. 例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时 ,一般用 which, 而不用 that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句 ,用 which, 而不用 that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了
9、 ,这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法(1)when 指时间 ,其先行词表示时间 ,在句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. (2)where 指地点 ,其先行词表示地点 ,在句中作地点状语。例如: (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The hou
10、se where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。(3)why 指原因 ,其先行词是原因 ,起原因状语作用。例如 : Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页3(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed th
11、e plane. (2) I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 二、使用关系代词时应 注意 以下几点：1如果先行词是 all，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用 that例如： All that are present burst into tears. 2如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some ，very 等词修饰，关系代词常 用 that例如： The first less
12、on that I learned will never be forgotten. 3which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and this相似。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 4先行词中 既有人又有物 时，关系代词应该 用 that。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very l
13、ovely. 5“ 介词关系代词 ” 可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without 等，关系代词常常 只可用 whom 或 which，不可用 that。例如： The room in which t here is a machine is a workshop. 像 listen to， look at ， depend on， pay attention to ， take care of 等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。例如： This
14、is the boy whom she has taken care of.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页4定语从句I. 单项填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, he s our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This
15、 is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. w
16、hich agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who s B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people
17、 are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in . 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom 填空。1. The first thing _ _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _ _is called April Fo
18、ols Day in the west. 3. The family _ _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _ _we live in is very old. 5. Didn t you see the man _I talked with just now? 答案： CBCAC ABCCB That ,which ,which ,who ,whom . 一、典型例题( )1、 -Do you know the man _is talking with your
19、father？-Yes， hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom( )2、The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which ； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was ( )3、Have you seen the film Titanic _actors are very famous? A who B whose C that D whom ( )4、Ann asked the policeman _he worked to co
20、ntact him whenever there was an accident. A with him B with whom C who D whom ( )5、A child _parents are dead is called an orphan. A which B his C whose D with ( )6、This is the reason _ he told me. A 、that B、why C、on which D、for that ( )7、Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now? A. who B.
21、 whom C. which D. whose ( )8、This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom ( )9、Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what ( )10、Do you know the girl _ is standing under the
22、tree? She is my little sister. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页5三、课后练习( )1. Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games. A. where B. that C. which D. what ( )2. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday? A. that B. when C. where ( )3
23、. The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend. A. when B. which C. who ( )4. I like writers _ write short stories. A. which B. what C. whom D. who ( )5. This is the question _ we are talking about now. A. that B. who C. where D. when ( )6. What are you looking for?I am looking for th
24、e book _ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose ( )7. Jack, there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you. A. who B. which C. whom ( )8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _ works hard. A. which B. / C. whom D. who ( )9. Many young people prefer t
25、he songs _ have great lyrics. A. which B. who C. where D. whom ( )10. Even teachers cant understand some expressions _ their students use in daily life. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom ( )11. The bridge _ a big ship can go has been built. A. under which B. under that C. in which D. on which ( )12. T
26、he book _ is torn is mine. A. the cover of which B. the cover of that C. which the cover D. whose cover of ( )13. He talked about the classmates and the school _ he had visited. A. who B. that C. which D. about which ( )14. You have seen the girl _ sister is a Chinese teacher. A. whom B. of whom C.
27、whose D. of which ( )15. We should do all _ is useful to people. A. / B. that C. it D. which ( )16. We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before. A. which B. in which C. on which D. to which ( )17. Those _ finished doing it put up your hands. A. who have B. who has C. which have D. have (
28、 )19. The man _ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to ( )20. I went to the school _ my father once worked. A. that B. which C. where D. on which ( )21. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in th
29、e country with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who ( )22. The weather turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it ( )23. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doub
30、t very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which ( )24. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what ( )25. Have you seen the film Titanic, _ leading actor is world famous? A. its B. its C. whose D. which 典型例题 1B2C3b4b5c6a 7a8a9b10a 课后练习 1B2A3D4D 5-9ABADA 10C 11 A12 A13 B14 C.15 B16 D17 A19 A 20 C21 B22 B23 D24 B25 C 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页