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1、2014届学士学位论文英汉基本颜色词文化内涵比照研究学院、 专 业外国语、英语研 究方 向应用语言学学 生姓 名田雨学号20100501068 指导教师徐静指导教师职称讲师2014 年 4 月 15 日精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 29 页Huaibei Normal University The Comparative Study on Different Cultural Connotations of Basic Color Words Between English and Chinese By Tian Yu
2、 Under the Supervision of Lecturer Xu Jing Submitted to the School of Foreign Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in English Huaibei, P. R. China April, 2014精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 29 页I 本科生毕业论文设计诚信承诺书本人郑重承诺所呈交的毕业论文设计英汉基本
3、颜色词文化内涵比照研究，是在指导教师徐静的指导下严格按照学校和学院有关规定完成的。本人在毕业论文设计中引用他人的观点和参考资料均加以注释和说明。本人承诺在毕业论文设计选题和研究内容过程中没有抄袭他人的研究成果和伪造相关数据等行为，假设有抄袭行为，由本人承担一切责任。承诺人：2010 年级英语专业签名：田雨2014 年 5 月 1 日精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 29 页II Abstract The world we live in is very colorful. There are a large number
4、of color words or a great variety of color expressions in our books describing all the color things in the nature and in the society as well. Color words have rich cultural connotations. Due to the different social cultures, historical processes and geographic conditions, English and Chinese color w
5、ords reflect their national color orientation, social values, cultural customs, religious belief and characteristics etc. Therefore, it is of great significance to have a comparative study on the cultural connotations of color words between English and Chinese. This thesis is divided into four chapt
6、ers. The first chapter is the introduction which has a general review of the studies about color terms home and abroad and discusses the necessity and possibility of this study. Next chapter makes an analysis of word-formation characteristics of both English and Chinese basic color words. The third
7、chapter serves as the main body of this thesis which makes the identification on basic color words between English and Chinese which presents information collected from the summarized previous research study about color words and summarizes the situation on the study of basic color words at home and
8、 abroad. The last chapter is the conclusion which presents further analysis of the causes of such differences mainly from the natural environment, religion, cultural, customs and so on. Key words: basic color words; cultural connotations; differences; comparative study精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结
9、 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 29 页III 摘要人类生活在一个神奇的色彩世界，颜色渗透到我们生活的各个领域。用来表示这些颜色的颜色词数不胜数，基本颜色词构成了颜色词中的一类典型。而颜色词是极富表现力的语言，英汉语言在色彩运用以及赋予色彩的联想意义方面既有相同点，又有差异，而且随着时代的发展，颜色词的联想意义也将具有新的内涵。颜色词具有丰富的文化内涵。由于不同的文化、历史和地理原因，英语和汉语的颜色词反映了自己民族的颜色取向、社会心理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰等文化特点。因此对英语和汉语颜色词的文化内涵进行比照研究具有重要意义。本文分四个章节进行讨论。主要分为绪论、基本颜色词确实定、英
10、汉基本颜色词的文化内涵比照、英汉基本颜色词文化内涵差异以及趋同成因分析四部分。在绪论部分：首先对全文进行了简要介绍，回忆国内外学者对颜色词所作的研究，讨论本研究的必要性和可能性；第二章，收集资料，总结前人的研究成果，对国内外有关颜色词的研究情况进行概括，并分析其中的不足，同时介绍了本文的研究意义及研究思路；第三章是全文重点，首先对汉语和英语基本颜色词的构成进行了比照研究，不同的构成方式决定了其文化内涵的不同，然后详细分析了中英文基本颜色词文化内涵的相同点和差异点；第四章是结论，进一步分析产生这种差异的原因，总结全文，说明本文的写作对解释语言和文化的发展以及思维方式的转变都会产生一定的借鉴作用。
11、关键词： 基本颜色词；文化内涵；差异；比照研究精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 29 页IV Contents Abstract II Chapter One Introduction 1 Chapter Two Background of Research on Color Terms 3 I. The Necessity of the Comparative Study on Color Words 3 II. Studies on English and Chinese Basic Color Words Home
12、and Abroad 3 A. Research on English Basic Color Words Abroad 3 B. Research on Chinese Basic Color Characters at Home 4 Chapter Three A Contrastive Study on Cultural Connotations of Basic Color Terms in English and Chinese 6 I. Word-formation characteristics of basic color terms in English 6 II. Word
13、-formation characteristics of Chinese basic color terms 7 III. Comparison of Cultural Connotation of Basic Color Terms in English and Chinese 9 A. Red and 红 9 B. White and 白 12 C. Black and 黑 14 Chapter Four Reasons for Similarities and Differences 19 I. Color and Religion 19 II. Color and Nature 20
14、 III. Color and Customs 21 Chapter Five Conclusion 22 Works Cited 23 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 29 页1 Chapter One Introduction We are living in a world of beauty, wonders and colors. Around us are the blue sky, white cloud, green trees, red sun, and grey buildings and etc.
15、Our world is so closely connected with colors that play an indispensable role in our life. For centuries people use a variety of color words and a larger number of color expressions to show their changing feelings and preferences. The following sentences are good examples to see the color words: “ M
16、rs. Brown is a very white woman. She was looking green the other day. She has been feeling blue recently. When I saw her, her was in a brown mood. I hope she ll soon be in a pink again. ”People might get puzzled with the sentence when reading it, although the words and structure are both simple and
17、people are eager to know what it is talking about. The reason for this is that we don t know what these color words imply. So what do they convey to us? In our daily life we often encounter with many things of different colors. Thus different color terms and expressions are badly needed to describe,
18、 illustrate and explain what we are confronted with. Though there are color words in common in both languages, the same color words may indicate different meanings. The reason for this phenomenon is that language is originated from life and influenced by culture. Thus language is the product of cult
19、ure. This thesis has tentatively made a study of comparative study of cultural connotation of basic color terms in English and Chinese from perspective of semantics. The first chapter is the introduction which has a general review of the studies about color terms home and abroad and discusses the ne
20、cessity and possibility of this study. Next chapter makes an analysis of word-formation characteristics of both English and Chinese basic color words. The third chapter serves as the main body of this thesis which makes the identification on basic color words between English and Chinese which presen
21、ts information collected from the summarized previous research study about color words and summarizes the situation on the study of basic color words at home and abroad. The last chapter is the conclusion which presents further analysis of the causes of such differences mainly from the natural envir
22、onment, religion, cultural, customs and so on. If readers can understand the meanings and their cultural connotations of the basic color words, they ll benefit a lot in appreciating 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 29 页2 literature and facilitating in understanding different cult
23、ures. By making a comparative study of the color terms in English and Chinese, we can have an idea of what is happening in people s mind, in the development of their languages and culture. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 29 页3 Chapter Two Background of Research on Color Terms I.
24、 The Necessity of the Comparative Study on Color Words Language is used to express people s cognition of the world. Everything in this world has it s own color and therefore the colorfulness will need to have specific vocabulary to describe the common color. Thus, color words arise at the historic m
25、oment. Either in Chinese or English, there are a lot of color words, this is due to cultural differences which produce different cultural connotations. Therefore, it is necessary to find a more scientific and complete way to analyze and study the cultural connotations of color words to enrich our un
26、derstanding of the relationships between language and culture, to help understand and translate the languages in different cultural backgrounds, and to specify in the real sense the identification and cultural differences between people of speaking different languages. II. Studies on English and Chi
27、nese Basic Color Words Home and Abroad Nearly 2,500 years ago, scientists did the studies of color words from the cognitive perspective in western countries. In the last 3 decades, with the development of neurology, biology genetics, cognitive science and cognitive psychology, people discovered the
28、inner complex relations of colors, relatively enriching the understanding of inner mechanism and exterior functions of color vocabulary system. A. Research on English Basic Color Words Abroad Study abroad on color word has a long history, and the early research can be traced back to ancient Greece.
29、It is Plato who made the researches on colors and therefore formed his perceptions of colors, which is regarded as the classic theories of colors. His theories are not only used as the basis of the physical field, but also as the elementary theories in other fields 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
30、- - - - - -第 9 页，共 29 页4 such as philosophy, ethnography, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, sociolinguistics and so on. Plato believed that “ the white stuff cause eye open while black thing lead to the contraction of the eye” . His disciple Aristotle divided colors into simple color and comple
31、x color. In his opinion, simple colors relates to some basic elements in the physical world and the nature of colors is assumed that colors were mixtures of “ black” and “ white” (or darkness and light). Aristotle thought that simple colors belong to four elements fire, air, water and earth. Air and
32、 water are by nature white, fire and the sun yellow, and earth is naturally white, and that the black is the proper color of elements in process of transmutation. Goethe is also interested in color terms. Through the exploration and experiment, he wrote Color Theory which focus on the relationship b
33、etween the color and the emotional changes. Goethe thought that the color of the changes in temperature can make a difference to people s different psychology mood, such as warm colors can stimulate the cheerful, lively and positive emotion, while cool color can make people agitated, restless sensit
34、ive. Evolution was put forward formally as a theory in the late 1960s, with the publication of Berlin and Kay s Basic Color Terms: their universality and evolution. Berlin and Kay hold an opinion that linguistic universality and semantic evolution reflect the characteristics that the color word syst
35、em generally has. Before that, many scholars insist that the color word study offers a typical cross-cultural example to in favor of the linguistic relative theory, for the meanings of color words in a certain language let us know the characteristics of the society and thus it is cultural-determined
36、 to some extent. So Berlin and Kay took a big leap in linguistic universality. As the varieties of color are so many, they only chose the basic color words to study and regarded them as the focus of their academic study. B. Research on Chinese Basic Color Characters at Home Compared with the studies
37、 abroad, the studies on Chinese basic color characters at hone are much later and limited. In ancient China, Chinese people had rated diversified colors and produced as many color words as possible as a result of the development of pottery and dying industries. The earliest work on color words is 诗经
38、 (The Book of Songs ), which is just 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 29 页5 confined to Chinese color characters. In 1964, Zhang Peiji published the book English Words of Color and Sound and Their Translation , making a detailed description of the usage of almost all the English
39、 color terms and their translation. Later, many scholars carried out researches by comparing the color terms between Chinese and other languages with the view of finding the differences in language and cultural and contributing to the cross-cultural communication. In the later 1970s, with the introd
40、uction of a number of foreign linguistic theories to China, Wu Tieping in his two articles, Probing Into Fuzzy Language (1979) (模糊语言初探 ) and Reprobing Into Fuzzy Language (1980) ( 模糊语言再探)， introduced the concept of fuzzy language, in which color terms as a phenomenon of fuzzy language drew the atten
41、tion of scholars. He said that in order to build the structure of “ fuzzy linguistics” , first we must know the language which presents “ fuzzy” . (伍铁平 P115) Ten years later, he published another article Theory of Color Words and Its Fuzzy Properties ( 论颜色词及其模糊性质 )，in which he further analyzed the r
42、easons of the vagueness. During the period from 1980s to 1990s, many articles about color words were published, which deal with the connotations, functions, translations of color words and the relationship between color words and culture. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 29 页6 C
43、hapter Three A Contrastive Study on Cultural Connotations of Basic Color Terms in English and Chinese Centered on color and “颜色” respectively, English and Chinese are composed of large color terms system. Color is followed by eleven basic color terms as its sub-set color terms while each sub-set col
44、or terms, is followed by even more subtle color words as its sub-set color terms. In Chinese, “颜色” ，like its convertible of English word “ color” , is followed by 10 basic color terms as its sub-set color terms while each sub-set color terms, is followed by even more subtle color words as its sub-se
45、t color terms. I. Word-formation characteristics of basic color terms in English English basic color words are those words describing colors of substances such as white, black, red, green, gray, brown, yellow, blue, purple, pink, orange etc. Most of those color terms are of single syllable, originat
46、ing from Anglo-Saxon, the native language of England. It can be said that the basic color terms in English are those several ones originating from Anglo-Saxon with characteristics of conciseness, ease of being remembered, more flexibility and high rate of utility. When talking about color terms, we
47、often take it for granted that they are adjectives while it is not the case. Basic color words in English appear in sentences in many parts of speech such as noun, verb, adverb, adjective etc. Occasionally, their part of speech can be transformed by adding prefix such as embrown, empurple, or adding
48、 suffix such as blueness, redden and blacken. Here, there are brown and yellow for examples: Brown: Her eyes are brown. (adjective) Brown the meat in a frying pan. (verb) the yellows and browns of the trees in autumn. (noun) His hair is brown black. (adverb) Yellow: She was in a bright yellow dress.
49、 (adjective) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 29 页7 The flesh of his cheeks seemed to have yellowed. (verb) The walls have been painted bright yellow. (noun) To master those basic color terms in English, the first and foremost is to be familiar with their many parts of speech. B
50、esides making use of sub-set color terms of their adjective to express concepts of colors, the basic color words also apply other ways to the expression of complex concepts of colors such as pale, bright, deep, light, dark, blending colors etc. Actually, such words as light, pale are put before them