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1、名师总结优秀知识点过去完成式一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）。-|- |-|- 那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由助动词had + 过去分词 构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 二、过去完成时的主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在过去的过去 。如： When I woke up, it had st
2、opped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在过去的过去 ）2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是过去的过去 ，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在told 之前) 3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already，yet ，still ，just ，before ， never 等时间副词及by ，before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如： Before she
3、came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked
4、 已有了20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）三、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为助动词have (has) + 过去分词 ；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调 过去的过去 ，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。-
5、 Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。- Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。- John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。- Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？四、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调过去的过去 ；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：They had arrived at
6、the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或 but 连接时
7、，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页名师总结优秀知识点过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算
8、，通常连用的动词是want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等. 练习：一、句型转换(每空一词 )。1.I have been to Macau before.( 改为否定句 )I _ _ been to Macau before. 2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school? 3.He has learned English for 5 years.( 就划线部分提问)_ _ _ _ learned English ? 4
9、.I bought a new bike just now.( 用 just 改写 )I _ just _ a new bike. 5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句 ) We _ _English _three years. 二、用 for 或 since 填空1. Jill has been in Ireland _Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _three days. 3. My aunt has lived in Australia _ 15 days. 4. Margaret i
10、s in her office.She has been there_ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The bus is late.Weve been waiting _20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses.They have been empty_ many years. 8. Mike has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital October.9. We have learned fiv
11、e lessons _he beginning of this term. 10. Mrs Liao has been in hospital _last week.三、 A.用 already 或 yet 1) Have they taken down the old pictures _?No, not _. 2) Most of us have finished our compositions _3) He said he hadn t visited the exhibition _.B. 用 have gone或 have been 1) Where are the boy stu
12、dents ?They _to the school factory. 2) Is your father in?No, he _to Shenzhen._ he ever_ there before?Yes, he _there several times 3) He asked me if I _to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _never _ to that city before. 四、选择填空：1. Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I
13、_ it on. It fits me well. A. had madehave triedB. madehave triedC. has madetriedD. madetried2 “He _to draw horses already”.When _ he ? ”“ Last year “A. learned has B. learned didC. has learnedhas D. has learneddid3._you _the text yet?Yes,we_it two hours ago.A. Did copy didB. Have copied have C. Have
14、 copied did D. Did copy had4. “ Why _ she _angry ?”“Because he _ at her just now .”A. did get shoutedB. has got shoutedC. did get has shoutedD. has got has shouted5. _you _the film before?Where_you _it? A.Have seen did see B. Did see did watchC. Have seen have seen D. Did see have seen6.You _me wait
15、ing for two hours. I_for you since five. A. kept waited B. have keptwaited C. kept have waited D. have kept have waited7.Where _ John _ ? To the library. He _there for an hour. A. has beenhas goneB. has gonehas beenC. did gowent D. did bewent8. I _the way.I_here for quite many years.A. knew have liv
16、ed B. knew liveC. know have livedD. know live精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页名师总结优秀知识点9. _ you ever _ America ? Yes, I have. A. Havegone toB. Havegone inC. Havebeen to D. Have been in10. My brother _college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been toC. has been in D. h
17、as been at 现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。练习：一、单项选择1He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I _ 900 Engl
18、ish words by the time I was ten 。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She _lived here for _ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked
19、D. was cooked 6. She said she _ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _. A. has completed u
20、niversity B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the pi
21、ano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge. A. has completed B. co
22、mpleted C. will complete D. had completed 14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football. A. a the B. the the C. / the D. the /15. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words. A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classr
23、oom. A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000. A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living 18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A.has arrived B.was arriving C.arrived D.had arrived 19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A . ha
24、ve cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned 20. Fergie_ the project in one hour. A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished 21. The man _ his coat and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on 22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A
25、. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works 23. Dad _ while he _ TV . A .fell asleep watch B. was falling asleep watchedC. fell asleep was watching D. had fallen asleep watched2. 用动词的适当形式填空精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页名师总结优秀知识点1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move)
26、 in. 2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die). 3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave). 4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive). 5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed. 6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone c
27、all. 7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice. 8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake. 9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall. 10.The Reads _ _ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house. 11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave). 12.We _(learn) about 4
28、000 English words by the end of last term. 13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework. 14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do) 15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (go) there before. 16. He _(not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher. 18. I _(
29、be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times. 20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing). 3句型转换1.I had sold the ticket when she came. （改否定句） _ 2.She had sung a song to us before she danced. （改否定句） _ 3.They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the f
30、ood and drink.（否定）_ 4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）_ 5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑问）_ 6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问）_ 7.He had broken his arm when I saw him.（ 对划线部分提问）_ 8.When he had read the note, he ate it. （对划线
31、部分提问）_ 9.Jack didnt go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （对划线部分提问）_ 10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. （对划线部分提问）_. 11.She had written the book by the end of 1960. （对划线部分提问）_ 12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句）_ 13.Jims father mended the car. It was broken. （用过去完成时连接两句）_ 14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用过去完成时连接两句) After we _, we _ 15.He showed us a picture. Then he showed us around the house. 用过去完成时连接两句) Before he _, he_. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页