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1、初中英语常见常考易混词用法辨析七年级1 besides , except, except for,but （1）besides包括后面所提及的人或物在内， “除、 、 、之外还（又）” 。Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him. （2）except不包括后面所提及的人或物在内， “抛开、 、 、不谈” 。Twenty-five students went to the cinema except him. （3）except for 不包括后面所提及的人或物在内的“除了”，后面跟的词与句子的主语不属于同类。Your article
2、 is very good except for some mistakes. （4）but 常与 every,any,all,none,no以及它们与 thing ,body,where构成的复合词等连用。 有的已经成为了惯用语， 如： all but “几乎，除、 、 、 之外全部”， anything but “ 除、 、 、之外都”，nothing but“只不过是、 、 ” 。There is nothing but a cup on the table. 练习：1）All the questions are easy _the last one. 2）Do you think of
3、 nothing_watching football? 3）His composition is good _for some mistakes. 4）He has many relatives_his uncle living in Shanghai. 5）Do you know any other language_English? 2 reach , arrive in/at , get to （1）reach + 地点， “到达” 。（2）arrive in+大地方，arrive at+小地方， “抵达、达到某地（尤指行程的终点）” 。（3）get to+地点， “到达” 。（4）当
4、arrive in/at 和 get to后面跟的是地点副词here,there,home等，则省略介词in/at/to。（5）当只表明“到了”，而未表明地点时用arrive。练习：1）My sister_school at 7a.m every day. 2）Uncle Li _New York the day before yesterday. 3）You can_the railway station by bus. 4）My father_at 8:00 this morning by airplane. 5）How did you_home yesterday afternoon?
5、6）Do you how to_there ? 7）I will tel you how to _here,so d not worry. 3 at the end of , in the end , by the end of （1）at the end of 指某段时间的结束或某段路程的终止处，“在、 、 、结束时”，“在、 、 、尽头” 。Our school held a sports meeting at the end of last term. At the end of this street you will find a bookshop. （2）in the end 相当
6、于 at last ,finally， “最后，终于” 。In the end they caught the thief. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 17 页（3）by the end of 用于过去完成时或将来时， “到、 、 、末为止”。By the end of last term we have learned five English songs. This question will have been answered by the end of today. 练习：1）We will have a
7、n English exam _January. 2）I am sure everything will turn out satisfactory_. 3）_the meeting,everyone stood up to give the applause. 4）_last month, I had planted thousands f trees. 4 it , one, that （1）it 代替上文所提到的那个事物，一般指物，不指人。可以代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。复数形式是they或 them。I have 50 yuan. My uncle gave it to me las
8、t week. （2）one 代替上文出现过的单数名词，以免重复。泛指代人或物。所指代的人或物属于同类事物中不同的一个，即替代的是一个带有不定冠词的可数名词的单数形式。复数形式是ones 。I have lost my old watch.This is a new one. （3）that 代替前面同类不同一的事物。可以代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。代替可数名词时，复数形式是those。that 不可以替代表示人的名词，它可以根据语义在后面加上一些定语，多数是of 的短语；他的前面不能存在任何定语。The water in wells is cleaner than that in the
9、rivers. 练习：1）Do you need an English-Chinese dictionary ? I have_. 2）The language used in advertisements differs from _ used in ordinary readings. 3）The color of the jacket is better than_of mine. 4）I saw only one motorcar in the shop.Would you go and buy_ ？5）Maybe it is true that we do not know what
10、 we have got until we lose _. 5 look for, look up , find , find out （1）look for“寻找” ，强调找的过程。（2）Look up “查找” ，强调查字典、电话号码。（3）Find“找到，发现” ,强调找的结果。（4）Find out“查明，发现，了解” ，指的是经过认真观察、调查或研究把某事或某物查出来、搞清楚，多用于复杂而不容易直接查出的情况。练习：1）I m_my watch,but I can t_it. 2）If you do not know the words , you can_them _in the
11、dictionary. 3）I_it difficult to learn English well. 4）The teacher wanted to _who had broken the door. 6 as well, as well as 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 17 页（1）as well 相当于 also, too “也，又” 。常放在句子末尾，无需用逗号与句子分开。I am going to London and my sister is going as well. （2）as well as “
12、也，还” 。常用来连接两个并列的成分。连接连个并列的主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致；翻译时先翻译后面，在翻译前面。Your wife as well as you is friendly to me. 练习：1）The teachers _the students are working overtime. 2）They played all kinds of instruments and sang_. 7 rather than , instead of , in place of （1）rather than和 would 连用时构成 would rather. than. “宁愿
13、、 、 、而不愿、 、 、 ”的句式，表示主观愿望，在两者中择一。She would rather die than lose her children. rather than不和 would 连用时 ,表示客观事实，“是、 、 、而不是、 、 、 ；与其、 、 、不如、 、 、 ” 。它的并列成分可以是名词，代词，形容词，介词（短语），动名词，分句，不定式，动词等等。Rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应该和前面的主语保持一致。Rather than 连接两个不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带 to。He is an explorer rather than a sailo
14、r. You rather than I are going to go camping. I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. （2）instead of “代替” ， “做、 、 、而不做、 、 、 ” 。My parents just called me.I m afraid I have to have dinner with them instead of shopping with you tonight. （3）in place of “代替” 。着重强调一种物质替换另一种物质。Plastics are now often
15、used in place of wood or metal. 练习：1）He ran _walked. 2）_making progress,my work actually seems to be going backwards. 3）William talked at the meeting _the manager who was sick. 8 alive, living （1）alive“活着的，有生命的” ，和系动词 be 连用，着重表示一种状态，作表语。He was still alive after the car accident. （2）Living“有生命的，生活的”，
16、在句子中作定语，放在所修饰的名词的前面或代词的后面。There are no living things on the moon. 练习：1）The General was caught_by the energy. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 17 页2）You can ask him about it.He is a _dictionary. 9 sound , voice, noise （1）sound 指的是自然界的一切声音，是声音的总称；（2）Voice 指的是说话人的声音；（3）Noise指的是噪音。Th
17、ere was a strange sound outside. She has a beautiful voice. Don t make so much noise. 练习：1）At midnight he heard a strange _from the next room. 2）Don t make any _in class. 3）When the teacher came into the classroom ,our monitor spoke in a loud _ ，“stand up ”. 10 say ，speak, talk , tell （1）say+内容（ +语言
18、） ， “说” 。Say goodbye / a word. Say it in English,please. Can you understand what she said. （2）speak+ 语言， “讲话” 。Would you please speak Chinese,please? I can t understand you. （3）talk “讲话，谈论，谈话” 。talk to / with /about They were talking about a film when the teacher came in. （4）tell “告诉，讲述”。tell+抽象的整体t
19、ell a story tell sth to sb , tell sb (about) sth , tell sb (not) to do sth I ll tell her the news as soon as I see her. 练习：1 Jack: Im going to_ a story to my students this afternoon. Jessica: Are you going _it in Chinese or in English? A tell , say B say, tell C tell, speak D tell, tell 2 His parent
20、s are Chinese,but he cant_Chinese. A tell B say C talk D speak 3 Miss White often _us “Never give up!”A tells B speaks C says D talks 4 My mother _me to buy some apples on my way home today. A spoke B talked C told D said 5 Mary _a story in English in class yesterday morning. A said B spoke C talked
21、 D told 6 Please _goodbye to the teacher. A tell B say C talk D speak 7 Tom is_with Miss Li in the classroom. A speaking B saying C talking D telling 8 We often_about movie stars after class. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 17 页A saying B telling C speaking D talking 9 He was ve
22、 ry angry and he didnt_a word.A say B talk C speak D tell 10 Janet is from Australia.She can tell a story_English and Chinese. A speak B say C talk D in 11 be used to do sth , be used to doing sth , used to do sth （1） be used to do sth 是 use sth to do sth的被动语态，“被用来做、 、 ”Nowadays,robots are used to d
23、o some dangerous things instead of human. （2）be/get used to doing sth “习惯于做、 、 ” ， be/get 是系动词，used 是形容词，to 是介词。The man was used to living in the countryside. （3）used to do sth “过去常常做、 、 ” 。When he was a young boy,he used to ask lots of questions,for example,” How does darkness happen? ”练习：1）I _live
24、 in London,but now I am living in Paris. 2）The knife_cut things. 3）He _living alone several months later. 12 be famous for, be famous as （1）be famous for相当于 be known for “以、 、 、 、而闻名”。The town is famous for its beautiful scenery. （2）be famous as “作为、 、 、出名；以、 、身份而闻名”。Zhou Jielun is famous as a singe
25、r. 练习：France_his fine food and wine, Thomas Edison _a greater inventor. 13 watching sb do sth , watch sb doing sth （1）watch sb do sth “看见某人做过、 、 ” ，强调动作的全过程。I watch the thief steal the book from the desk. Did she watch the children cross the road? （2）watch sb doing sth “看见某人正在做、 、 ” 。强调动作正在进行。I watc
26、h the thief stealing the book from the desk. She watched the children crossing the road. （3）类似用法的词有see , hear等。练习：1 我看见小明正在教室写作业。_ 2 老师看着孩子们过马路了吗？_ 14 cross , across, through 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 17 页（1）cross 是动词， across和 through 是介词。They crossed the river by the boat
27、. （2）across “横穿，横过”，指的是从物体的表面上穿过。I swam across the river 20 years ago. （3）through“贯通，直穿，透过”，指的是立体空间中的穿过。They walked slowly through the woods. The sunshine shone in the bedroom through the window. 练习：1）Go_the road, and you will see the post office on your left. 2）The sunlight comes_the glass. 3）Be ca
28、reful when you _the street. 15 in a way, in this way, by the way , on the way （1）in a way “在某种程度上；在某种意义上” 。In a way, it is a good book. （2）In this way “ 用这种办法 ” 。In this way, you can speak English well. （3）On the way “在路上，在途中”。On the way home my father told me a story. （4）By the way “顺便说”。By the way
29、, have you seen the film before? 练习：1）_,do you have any idea where the post office is? 2）She is _to the park. 3）The work should be done _. 4）_,he was right. 16. Stop to do sth , stop doing sth （1）stop to do sth 停下来去做某事。As soon as the teacher left, students stopped to talk. （2）stop doing sth 停止做某事。Th
30、e students stopped talking as soon as they saw the teacher. （3）stop .from doing sth 阻止、 、 、做、 、 、Please stop them from playing fire. 练习：1）we should _(cut) down trees. 2）He watched TV for half an hour.At 8:00 he_(do)his homework. 3）He_(watch) TV and began to read English. 17 take part in , join in ,
31、join （1）take part in “ 参加” ，指的是参加群众性活动或会议，并在其中起一定的作用。These days, students take part in many activities. （2）join “参加，加入”，指的是加入组织、团体、党派等，成为其中的一员。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 17 页He joined the army in 1998 and joined the Party the next year. （3）join in “参加某活动”，后面跟的宾语一般是表示竞赛，游戏，娱
32、乐等活动的名词，常用语 join sb in （doing ）sth 的短语中。Everyone should join in the game. Lets join them in the game.我们和他们一起玩游戏吧。练习：1）I will never forget the day when I _the Party. 2）All the students are happy to_the interesting school activities. 3）Will you_us_a game of cards? 4）I hope you will all _the discussion
33、. 18 be familiar to , be familiar with （1）be familiar to “某事对某人是熟悉的” ，主语一定是 sth。Your name is very familiar to me. （2）be familiar with “某人对某事是精通的、熟悉的” ，主语一定是 sb。He has become familiar with the city. 练习：1）I_very_the song because I have listened to it for many times. 2）The photo_me. 19 few , little, a
34、few, a little 否定“几乎不”肯定“一些”修饰可数名词few a few 修饰不可数名词little a little There is little bread in the fridge.I will go and buy some . There are a few books on the desk. There are few books on the desk. 练习：1）这些书没几本容易倒我能够读懂。Very_of books care easy enough for me . 2）我们没有从他们那里得到什么帮助。We got_help from them. 3）进来
35、喝点威士忌。Come in and drink_whisky. 4）我的时间很宝贵，我只能够给你几分钟。My time is precious. I can only give you _minutes. 20 have gone to , have been to , have been in （1）have gone to “去了” ，可能在途中或在目的地，人还没回来。My father has gone to Shanghai and will be back in a week. （2）Have been to“到过” ，曾经去过某地，现在人已经回来了。He has been to S
36、hanghai three times. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 17 页（3）Have been in+ 地点+一段时间“在某地停留了一段时间” 。He has been in Hangzhou for three years. 练习：1. Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. 2. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. 3. _ you ever _ kunming ? Never. 4. Where _
37、you _ these days? 5. Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _here for several days. 6. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. 7. Hi Jim! Where _ you _? Li Lei is looking for you. 八年级1 see , look, watch,read, notice look 指的是有意识的观看， 强调看的动作， 其后接宾语时， 一定要加介词 at。Look! What are they doing? see指的是视觉器官有意识或无意识的看到的物体，强
38、调看的结果，意为“ 看见，看到 ” 。如看医生 see the doctor ，看电影 see a film。I looked but saw nothing. watch“ 观看、注视 ” ，指的是以较大的注意力观看。常用于看比赛watch a match，看电视 watch TV。His father often watches TV in the evening. read本为“ 读” ，看书、看信、看报纸等常用read 。Dont read in the bed.5 notice“注意到，看到” ，指的是有意识的注意， 含有从不注意到注意的变化。He noticed a purse l
39、ying on the ground. 练习：1.They are going to _ a football match this afternoon. 2.Li Lei is _ a letter from his parents. 3.The teacher asked us to _ the blackboard. 4.What can you_ in the picture? 5.Don t_out of the window as you are having an important lesson. 6 She_that there was a little man under
40、the tree. 2 be made of, be made from, be made into (1)be made of “ 由、 、 、 、制成 ” ，指在成品中可以看出原材料，如木制的桌椅、家具等，其制作过程只发生了物理变化。The chair is made of wood. (2) be made from “某物由、 、 、制成”, 指制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生了化学变化，在成品中已经无法辨认。Wine is made from grapes. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第
41、8 页，共 17 页(3) be made into “ 某种原料、 、 、可以制成某种成品 ”, 指某种原料被制成某种产品，与 be made of / from 正好相反。 be made into 的主语是原料， 其后跟产品。Grapes can be made into wine. 练习：（1）The vase_wood,it is very light to carry. （2）The oil _the seed.How wonderful! （3）Can such kind of leather_shoes? 3 as well as , not only.but also. 不仅
42、、 、而且、 、 、 ；既、 、 、又、 、 、（1）as well as 连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词和as well as 前面的主语保持一致。The students as well as the English teacher are going to take part in the meeting. （2）Not only.but also.连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词和but also后面的主语保持一致。Not only the students but also the English teacher is going to take part in the meeting
43、. 练习：1）The children_their parents are having a meeting at the school playground now. 2）_the students_their parents are having a meeting at the school playground. 4 in front of, in the front of （1）in front of “在、 、 、 、的前面”，两者不在同一整体即范围外。There is a big tree in front of my house. （2）In the front of “在、
44、、 、的前面”，两者在同一整体即范围内。There is a big desk in the front of the classroom. 练习：1）The driver is _the bus.He is driving the bus now. 2）_the house,there are some apple trees. 5 spend , pay , take, cost spent 钱 + on sth Sb( 人) + spend 时间 + with sb （花时间与某人一起度过）时间 +（in）doing sth 1）I often spend the holiday wit
45、h my parents. 2）I often spend two hours doing my homework every night. （介词 in 可以省略）3）I often spend two hours on my homework every night. paid pay +钱+for sth (人+buy sth for sb) sb(人)pay for sth (人+buy sth for+钱)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 17 页I paid five yuan for the book. =I
46、 bought the book for five yuan. I paid for the book. took It+takes / took +sb+ 时间 +to do sth (it 是形式主语，to do sth 是真正的主语 ) It took me two hours to read this book. It takes her half an hour to go to school on foot every day. costSth(物) + cost + sb + 钱 / too much 练习一：选择正确的答案。（）1.I want to spend my birt
47、hday_my best friends. A.on B.in C.with D.at （）2.My mother often spends about one hour _meals. A.cook B.cooking C.to cook D.to cooking （）3.We spent two hours _the meeting. A.on B.in C.with D.at （）4. How long do you usually spend _ your homework every day? Ado B. doing C. to do D. to doing ( ) 5.He_tw
48、o hundred yuan for this book. A spent B paid C took D cost练习二： .他花一年的时间写完这本小说。He _ one year _ writing this novel. 练习三：1).You shouldnt _ too much for clothes.2).Don t _ too much time playing computer games.3).The magazine _ 20 dollars. Its not very cheap.4).It _ me twenty minutes to walk to school ea
49、ch day. 6 lay, lie 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词Lay下蛋；产卵；放置Laid laid Laying Lie位于；躺Lay Lain Lying Lie撒谎lied Lied lying 练习：1）The hen _ an egg yesterday. 2）I _ it on the table. 3）The supermarket _ in the center of the city. 4）He is _now. 5）The child _to the teacher about his reason for being late. 6）The hens began
50、_eggs in October. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 17 页7other, the other, others, the others Other +名词复数= others The other +名词复数= the others another+单数名词Onethe other.一个、 、 、另一个、 、Someothers 有些、 、 、有些、 、 、有些、 、 、We should think of other people as well as ourselves. Where are the