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1、学习必备欢迎下载关于语音的几个概念1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i, o, u, 2) 音标:词的语音形式。3) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48 音素。4) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand 5) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。6) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28 辅音。7) 开音节: a) 辅音 +元音 +辅音 +e name bike home due; b) 辅音 +元音he, go, hi 8
2、) 闭音节: a) 辅音 +元音 +辅音bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音 +辅音 it 9) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。2. 元音: (20) 1)单元音( 12)(1)前元音( 4)i: sea, he, see, piece, ceiling i sit, build, miss, myth e bed, desk, head, ? bad, land, bank, stamp (2)中元音( 2)?: girl, work, serve, nurse ? ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Satu
3、rday (3)后元音( 6)a: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt ? cup, come, blood, rough ?: door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught ? hot, want u: good, who, blue, soup, u look, put, women, could 2)双元音( 8)(1)开合元音( 5)ai bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye au house, town ei c
4、ake, they, play, eight, great, ?u phone, cold, boat, soul, grow ?i boy, oil (2)集中元音( 3)i? dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, ? pear, care, there, fair u? tour, poor,3. 容易混淆的元音精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载1) e ? bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land 2) i: ei real rail
5、; greet, great; mean, main; read raid 3) e ai bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 4) au ?: house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5) au ?u found fond; gown gone; down don 4. 辅音( 28)1)清辅音( 11)p pen, t tell, k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, f five, cough
6、, laugh s sit, miss, science, case, scarf think, ? sure, she, social, nation t? child, teach, catch tr tree ts boats h hot, who, hour 2)浊辅音( 17)bdgvze?d?drdz m n ? r l w j b bed, comb d day, played, wanted g big, go, guess, language v voice, z zoo, close, e this, bathe ? pleasure, d? joke, bridge, d
7、z goods dr dream m man n nine, knife, autumn ?pink, young r read, write, l land, world w wall, what, answer j yes 5. 容易混淆的辅音1) v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well 2) s sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 3) z e closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes 4) n ? thin thing; sin
8、sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载6. 读音规则1) 重读音节 (见元音和辅音的例句) 2) 非重读音节? banana, student, today, after, i orange, secret, evening, very, Monday 7. 特殊读音1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如:not at all, half an hour, I love you a
9、nd all. after all 2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如:good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme 3)音的同化: 两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。例如: Would you do it? I am glad to meet you. Cant you see it? last year, this year, 8. 重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry b)有 a-, be-, de
10、-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。about, believe, address, decide, report, condemn, respect, compare, inform, discuss, impress, mistake, enforce, prepare, employ, permit, escape, produce, exclaim,translate c)有 de-, in-, re-, c
11、on-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。record, record; insult, insult; conduct, conduct; present present; content, content d)有些复合词和带有前缀re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。outside, retell, well-known, unreal, fifteen, Chinese, pre-war, post-war B)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult, communi
12、st, family, economy, opportunity,democracy. b)有一些双音节词, 加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。carefully, indefinite, comfortable, conductor, according, disturbance, complicated,establishment, c)词尾有 -eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous,
13、calligraphy, editorial, historian, periodic, mathematics, experience,sufficient, identify, translation, religious, curiosity, protective d)词尾有-ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词, 重音在该后缀上, 而且有一个次重音。entertain, employee, mountaineer, Japanese, cigarette 2)句子重音A) 英语的节奏: (轻) -轻-重-轻-(轻)或重 -轻-(轻)(轻)重B) 英语句子的
14、长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。C) 实词重读 (副词重读) ,虚词轻读 (冠词, 单音节介词, 单音节连词, 人称代词, 反代词,精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be D) 实词不重读的特殊情况a) 实词第二次出现He thinks of that as a child thinks. b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰I met her in the railway station. c) 代替词W
15、hich book do you want? The small one. d) 感叹词中的what 和 how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is! e) street 在专有名词中Wangfujing Street. f)this 在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening E)虚词重读的特殊情况a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be 在句首,句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes,
16、I can. I dont like you. He isnt a worker. b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。 They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. c) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, Ill visit you. When he comes, Ill tell him. e)反身代词表示强调。He c
17、ouldnt come himself. 元音字母a 或 a+其他字母字母或字母组合音节类型或在词中的位置读 音例 词a 重读开音节ei name, face, take, cake, radio, space a 重读闭音节A hand, stand, maths, happy a 在 w或 wh后R what, watch, wash R: water ai ay 在重读音节中 ei wait, train, fail, rain,say, way, May, today al 在大多数辅音字母前R: ball, wall, small, talk R:l also, always 在 f
18、, m前a: half, palm (棕榈树 ) ar 在重读音节中 a: star, card, party ar 在 w或 wh后R: warm, wharf (码头 ) au aw 在重读音节中 R: autumn, because, draw, saw air are 在重读音节中 Z chair, hair, pair, hare, care ass 在重读音节中 a:s ass, glass, class 元音字母e 或 e+其他字母字母或字母音节类型读音例 词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页学习必备欢
19、迎下载组合或在词中的位置e 重读开音节i: she,we,these,relay 重读闭音节e well,get,very,step ea 在重读音节中i: seat,read,tea,easy e bread, head, ready ee 在重读音节中i: tree, week, green er 在重读音节中: her, term, verb 元音字母i 或 i+ 其他字母字母或字母组合音节类型或在词中的位置读音例 词i (y) 重读开音节ai mine,quite,like,side, Friday, my, by, why 重读闭音节i milk,ship,it,with, wind
20、ow, begin ie 在重读音节中,辅音字母前i: field, piece 在重读音节词的末尾ai lie, die, tie igh 在重读音节中ai night, right, high ir 在重读音节中: first, skirt, girl 元音字母o 或 o+其他字母字母或字母组合音节类型或在词中的位置读音例 词o 重读开音节u no, go, nose, home 重读闭音节R not, dog, hot, stop 在 m, n, v或 th 前Q come, month, love, brother, nothing oa 在重读音节中u coat, boat, roa
21、d oi oy 在重读音节中Ri noise,join, boy, toy oo 在多数情况下u: school, too, cool 在 k 前u book, look, cook or 在重读音节中R: sport, horse, forty 在 w后面: work, worse, worker ou 在多数情况下au round, house, about 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载在 ght 前R: ought( 应该 ) ow 在重读音节中au cow, now, down, how
22、 在重读或非重读音节中u know, grow, show, window, yellow 元音字母u 或 u+其他字母字母或字母组合音节类型或在词中的位置读音例 词u 重读开音节ju: use, duty, excuse 重读闭音节Q but, us, luck ur 在重读音节中: nurse, turn, hurt, Thrusday 元音字母在非重读音节中大多数读作 或 i字 母读 音例 词a about, American, China , breakfast i orange, comrade, village, message e student, hundred i jacke
23、t, begin, harvest i(y) i coming, dining-room, many, country o oclock, policeman u autumn 辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音规则字母或字母组合音节类型或在词中的位置读音例 词c 在 e, i, y前s nice, pencil, bicycle 在 a, o, u和辅音字母l, r, t前和在音节末尾k cap, come, cut ,clock, cry, picture, music ch tF much,chair, China ,teacher g 在多数情况下g go, big, garden 在 e
24、前dV page, orange, large j dV Jack, jacket, June, John kn n knife, know, knock ll l ball, tell, still ng N sing, long, something Ng English, longer nk Nk ink, think, thanks ph f physics (物理 ) qu kw quite, quick, quarter 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载sh F she, shoe, English, short tch tF watch, fetch (取,拿 ) th W thing, thank, month T this, that, with wh 在字母 o 前h who, whose, whom w where, what, when, why wr r write, wrong x ks box, next, exercise gz exam, example y j yes, you, year, yourself 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页