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1、不少单项填空题干是由学生并不那么熟悉的句式构成的，这无形中增加了试题的难度。要答好这类试题，就必须设法将复杂的、不常见的句式还原成简单的、常见的句式，以便快速地把握句子结构，理解题目意思。还原的方法归纳起来主要有以下几种：1. 将疑问句还原成陈述句；2. 将感叹句还原成陈述句；3. 将倒装语序还原成正常语序；4. 将省略句还原成完整的句子；5. 将强调句式还原成一般句式；6. 将被动语态还原成主动语态；7. 将复合句还原成简单句。试做下列各题：1. Is this factory _you visited the other day?A. the one B. that C. where D.
2、 when 2. Who did the teacher _ the article? A. have written B. have write C. had written D. has writing 3. Is _you want to say?A. that all B. all that C. all what D. what4. Was it _she heard with her ears _ really made her frightened? A. what; that B. because; that C. that; which D. what; / 5. How p
3、leased the Emperor was _ what the cheats said! A. hearing B. heard C. hear D. to hear 6. _what the six blind men said sounded! A.How foolishlyB.How foolish C.What foolishly D.What foolish 7. To all of you _honour for the success. A. belongs to B. belong to C. belongs D. belong 8. Here is a notebook,
4、 in which _the names of the visitors. A. write B. written C. were written D. was written 9. Never _ she praised _ what she did.A. did; for B. did; of C. was; for D. was; of 10. John plays football _, if not better than, David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 11. Could you give us th
5、e reason why you didnt do as _? A. were told B. to be told C. told to D. told 12. It was _the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home. A. repaired B. repairing C. to repair D. in repair13. It was during the Liberation War _ he died. A. that B. which C. in which D. when14. Was it _
6、yesterday evening _you met him? A. on; that B. on; when C. until; that D. not until; that 15. The students are _ to hand in the exercises before class. A. wished B. hoped C. agreed D. promised 16. Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer. A.to invent B.to have invented C.inventing
7、 D.having invented 17. His lost eyesight was_ by his ever sharpening sense of hearing. A. made up for B. made up of C. made use of D. made of精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 22 页18. The blackboard was wiped_. A. clean B. cleaned C. cleanly D. to be cleaned 19.The car_ she was tra
8、veling was late. A. which B. by which C. on which D. in which20. Is this the watch you wish to_? A.repair it B.have repaired it C.have it repaired D.have repaired 21.Would you please point out the mistakes in my composition, if_ ? A. any B. none C. some D. anything 22. Is _ he said it worth believin
9、g? A. all what B. what C. it D. that23. Whom would you rather have_ with you this time? A. to go B. go C. gone D. going 24. - _ you did? - No, as a matter of fact, I didnt need to. A. That is what B.What is that C.Is that what D.Is what that 25. _ everything he had taken away from him? A. Was B. Sho
10、uld C. Did D. Had 26. Has everything_ can be done_? A.what; done B.that; been done C.that; already done D.what; already been done 27. Is this the school_ you visited some foreigners a few months ago? A. that B. which C. the one D. where 28. Where was_ the traffic accident happened last night? A. it
11、that B. it C. the place that D. the place 29. Whose eyes_ it that he saw in the darkness? A. was B. were C. is D. are 30. It was_ the neighbours saw catch the thief. A. him that B. he that C. said that D. where 31. Along the paths stood some signs,_ was written / ! Keep Off The Grass! / A. on which
12、B. in which C. which D. that 32. Rather than_ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A.ride; ride B.riding; ride C.ride; to ride D.to ride; riding 33. They want to see how civilized(驯化 ) the animal can_. A. experience B. change C. develop D. become 34. _ it snow, the crops would grow bette
13、r. A. were B. Were to C. Should D. Would 35. The boy I considered_ cheated in the exam. A. being honest B.to be honest C.was honest D.that is honest 36. Did_ on time make her teacher angry? A.not to come B.her not to come C.her not coming D.not her coming 附 强调1. 英语中表示强调的有强调句型It is., that.; It was.th
14、at. 强调句型只有两个时态，即It is 和 It was, 后跟被强调部分，然后用that. 被强调的是句子的主语，宾语和状语。状语可以是副词，介词短语或从句。如果被强调的是人，可以用 who. 例句：AIt was in the morning that he often went to see his friend. B. It is I who am your close comrade-in-arms. C. What is it that you want me to do? 2. 强调用法， 只用于肯定句中， 用 do, does 或 did 加动词原形。A Do be her
15、e on time. (千万要准时来呀。 ) B The family did send him to school. C. He does know all about it.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 22 页3. 在否定句中，如果表示强调，多在句尾加at all. 例如：A I know nothing about it at all. B. He didnt do his homework at all. 4. 当遇到 not .until.这一句型变成强调句型时，一定要用：It is(was)not unt
16、il.that. 例句：A It ws not until yesterday that I knew he ws coming. (I didnt know he was coming until yesterday.) B. It was not until I grew up that he told me all about it. (He didnt tell me anything about it until I grew up.) C. It is not until six oclock that he will go to school. (He wont go to sc
17、hool until six oclock.)答案及简析：1. A 。乍看题干，很可能会有学生将this factory当作先行词而误选B 或 C，但若将题干还原成陈述句，便会清楚地发现句中缺少表语，四个选项中唯有A 项可以当表语。2. 选 B。 因助动词did 后须接动词原形，首先可将 C、D 排除； 再将题干还原成陈述句，这时可发现句中有have+复合宾语 这一结构，而the teacher 与 write之间系主谓关系，故A 也应排除。3. 选 A。 将题干还原成陈述句后可知，that 充当主语，先行词all 以及后面的定语从句作表语。4. 选 A。 只要将题干还原成陈述句，便可发现这是
18、一个强调结构，即答案应在A、B 之间，根据句子结构和意义较易排除 B。5. 选 D。 答题时，肯定会有学生因动词was 而选 A 或 B， 但若将题干还原成： The Emperor was pleased _ what the cheats had said. 这一陈述句，便会发现句中有be pleased to do这样一个句型，动词不定式在此充当原因状语。6. 选 B。将题干还原成陈述句后即可清楚地发现空格处充当的是表语。7. 选 C。答题时，有的学生会误将all of you当作主语而选B 或 D，但若将题干由倒装语序还原成正常语序：The honour for the success
19、 _to all of you. 就会发现主语实为抽象名词the honour,故谓语应用单数。8. 选 C。 从句系倒装语序，主语实际上是the names.。9. 选 C。 正常语序是She was never praised for what she did。10. 选 B。题干中的插入语部分明显有省略现象，这无形中增加了学生答题的困难，困难之一是搞不清David是主语还是呼语。 但若将省略的部分补回，使题干成为这样一个完整的句子：John plays football_ David does if John does not play better that David does. 便
20、不难看出David 系主语，即答案在B、D 之间，而D 项通常用于否定句，应予排除。11. 选 C。 as 从句系一省略结构，补全后为: as you were told to do, 题干中省略了从句的主语和系动词（不可只省一者），还省略了不定式（省略不定式时，符号to 应予保留）。12. 选 B。 只要将该强调句式还原成一般句式，即可看出句中有spend some time doing sth. 这样一个句型。13. 选 A。判断是强调结构，还是含有定语从句的复合句的方法是，将表语代入从句，若句子完整即为强调结构，反之为含有定语从句的复合句。本句是强调结构。14. 选 D。 还原后的陈述句
21、为：Not until yesterday evening did you meet him. (= You didnt meet him until yesterday evening.)15. 选 A。 看到该题，有的学生会认为四个选项似乎都可选用，因为这四个动词均能接动词不定式，但只要我们将原句改为主动语态便会发现空格后接的是sb to do这样一个复合结构，四个动词中唯有wished 能接这样的结构。16. 选 B。 还原成主动句后可知，句中有consider(认为 )sb to do 这样一个句型。而选项A 根据动作的先后关系不难排除。17. 选 A。 将原句还原成主动句后可以更准确
22、地把握主、宾语之间的逻辑关系。本题只有选make up for(弥补 )，句子才合乎逻辑。18. 选 A。 还原成主动句可以更清楚地看出空格处是补语，应选用形容词clean 来充当。19. 选 D。答题时， 学生一般都能很快排除A，因为 travel 与 the car 之间并不存在动宾关系；亦能排除C，因为 in 、on 两个介词中， car 通常只与前者搭配；而在剩下的两个选项中，却极容易误选B，为什么 B 是错误的呢？为便于理解，我们不妨将题干先转换为这样两个简单句：She was traveling _the car.（car 前的冠词不可丢，因为题干中的关系代词which d 意义上
23、等同于先行词the car 。 ）The car was late. 由于 by car系习语， car 前不能加入冠精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 22 页词，故空格处只能填in. 20. 选 D。先将复合句还原成两个简单句：Is this the watch? You wish to have it repaired. 不难发现it 指代的是 the watch，而在定语从句中，it 的句法作用已被关系代词（尽管已经省略）所替代，故应将it 舍去，以免重复。同学们，通过以上典型试题的分析与讲练，请同学们再分析剩下的练
24、习。21-36 ：ADBCA BDAAA ACDCB C 同义句转换题是近几年中考英语的一个常考题型，其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设有几处空格，要求考生填入适当的词或词组，使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析，我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考查以下几个方面：一、运用同义词（组）进行转换用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形
25、变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：1. That day we could see flowers here and there. That day we could see flowers _. 分析：答案为everywhere。everywhere与 here and there都表示 “ 到处 ” 。2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school. The teacher always_ _the children well in the school. 分析：答案为looks after。take g
26、ood care of与 look afterwell 都表示 “ 好好照顾 ” 。二、运用反义词（组）的否定式进行转换即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词（词组）的积累和换位思维的能力。如：1. It s clear that this visit is different from last time. It s clear that this visit is not the_ _last time. 分析：答案为same as 。be different from意为 “ 与 不同 ” ；the same as意为 “ 与 相同 ” ，其否定式与 be d
27、ifferent from同义。2. I think wealth is less important than health. I _ think wealth is _ important than health. 分析：答案为don t，more 。less important的意思是 “ 没有（不及） 重要 ” ；more important的意思是“ （比） 更重要 ” ，该结构与not 连用，则表示“ 不比 更重要 ” 。另外，有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如：He lent some money to his friend. He friend
28、_ some money _ him. 分析：答案为borrowed，from 。borrow from意为 “ 向 借” ；lend to 意为 “ 把 借给 ” 。两个结构意思相反，但若变换“ 借出者 ” 与“ 借入者 ” 的位置，则可转换为同义句。三、运用不同语态进行转换即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如：1. Everyone should give back his library books on time. Library books should_ _ _ on time. 分析：答案为be given back。被动句中含有情态动
29、词should ，因此助动词用be 。2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today. Computers _ widely _ in the world today. 分析：答案为are ，used 。computers是复数名词，助动词用are 。四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 22 页即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：1. The manager
30、 left two hours ago. The manager _ _ _ for two hours. 分析：答案为has been away。leave 为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours这样的一段时间连用，而改成 be away这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。2. The film began five minutes ago. The film has been _ _ five minutes. 分析：答案为on for 。has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“ for 时间段 ” 表示 “ 持续（一段时间）” ，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。3. Mr
31、Li joined the Party twenty years ago. Mr Li _ _ _ the Party for twenty years. 答案： has been in。短暂动词join ，意为 “ 参加、加入（组织，政党）” ，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join 改成 be in 或 be a member in。五、运用不同引语进行转换即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：1. “ I ve found my wallet,” he said to me. He _ me tha
32、t he _ _ his wallet. 分析：答案为told ， had found。此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。2. “ Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _. 分析：答案为asked if/ whether, before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：1. We didn t go out for a walk because it was raining. We didn t go
33、 out for a walk _ _ the rain. 分析： 答案为 because of。 将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语because of the rain 。2. He was so excited that he couldn t go to sleep.He was _ _ _ go to sleep. 分析：答案为too excited to。将 so that 换成 too to 结构，原句的that 从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。3. Now I will show you how to do the w
34、ork. Now I will show you _ _ _ do the work.分析：答案为how you can。即将原句中的“ 疑问词不定式 ” 结构转换成宾语从句。4. You should put them back after you use them. You should put them back _ _ them. 分析：答案为after using。即将 after 引导的状语从句改写为after 引导的介词短语。七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：1. Come on, or we ll miss the ear
35、ly bus. _ we _ hurry, we ll miss the early bus. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 22 页分析：答案为If，don t。if 引导条件状语从句。2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week. The man _ gave us a talk last week _ _ us another talk this week. 分析： 答案为 who/ that， wi
36、ll give。 who/ that gave us a talk last week为定语从句， 修饰先行词the man 。八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子即运用关联连词both and ，neither nor ，either or ，not only but also等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。 此时要注意的是， both and 连接两个主语时， 谓语总是用复数， 而 neither nor ， either or ，not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：1. Tom can t speak Japanese well and Ji
37、m can t, either. _ Tom _ Jim can speak Japanese well. 分析：答案填Neither ，nor 。neither nor 表示 “ 和 （两者）都不 ” ，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too. _ Alice _ Peter have read the book. 分析：答案为Both ，and 。both and 的意思是 “ 和 （两者）都 ” 。3. This store sells men s shoes, and it als
38、o sells men s clothes. This store sells _ _ men s shoes _ _ men s clothes. 分析：答案为not only， but also。表示 “ 不仅 而且 ” 之意。九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换这类典型结构如so that ，too to ，enough to，not until ，so do I等。如：1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too. Jim wants to go boating, and _ _ his parent
39、s. 分析：答案为so do 。句意为 “ 他的父母也一样（一样想去）” 。2. John went to bed after he finished his homework. John _ go to bed _ he finished his homework. 分析：答案为didn t，until 。not until意为 “ 直到 才” 。还原法就是应试者把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构,这样 ,题目就会变得简单,答案就会一目了然,具体来说 ,可采用以下几种方法：一、将倒装句改成陈述句。由于倒装句的使用,句子的结构变得陌生,对于这类题 ,可将题干还原成一个陈述句。如： Whom would
40、 you rather have with youA.to go B. go C. gone D. going分析：本题题干改成陈述句,则应是： Would you rather havewhom with you这样我们一眼就可以看出答案为B。二、将陈述句改为倒装句。如： We had left home then it began to rain.A.no sooner B.hardly C.almost D.nearly分析：No sooner.then是一个大家十分熟悉的句型。在考察知识点时,命题者却使用了一个陈述句。如果把题干改成： had left home then it beg
41、an to rain.这道题的答案A 也就变得十分清楚了.三、去掉从句或插入语。命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入一个从句或插入语,造成主谓隔离。 如果将题干中的从句或插入语去掉 ,题干就会变得很简单。如： The person we spoke to no answer at first.A.make B.making C. makes D.made分析：可以看出we spoke to是一个定语从句。将其去掉后,我们就会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词。故本题选用答案 D。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 22 页四、改被动句为
42、主动句。由于被动句的使用,句子的结构相对于主动句来说就没有那么清楚。我们如果将其改为主动句,这类题就会变得清楚的多。Time should be made good use of our lessons well.A.learing B.learned C.to learn D.learns分析：将题干改写为主动句,则为 We should be good use of time our lesson well可以发现介词of 有其相应的宾语 ,其后不能在用动名词做宾语。应选不定式做目的状语。答案是C。五、改省略句为一个完整的句子。省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。对于这类试题,可恢复被省略的成
43、分,使句子的结构变得明朗,进而选择合适的答案。How long has this bookshop been inbusiness 1982.A.After B.In C.Since D.From分析：将答语部分改为一个完整的句子；This bookshop has been in business 1982. 在所给的选项中只有since 能同现在完成时连用。故答案为C高考一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单，但命题者有意把题干复杂，改写为一个少见或陌生的结构。对于这类题，我们可以反其道而行之，把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构，这样题目就会变得简单，答案就会一目了然，具体来说，可采用以下几种方法：将
44、倒装句改成陈述句由于倒装句的使用，句子的结构变得陌生，对于这类题，可将题干还原成一个陈述句。如：Who did the teacher _ an article for the school newspaper?A. has write B. has written C. have write D. have written分析：把本题题干改成陈述句，则应是：The teacher had who write an article for the school newspaper.这样我们一眼就可以看出答案为C。测试的知识点是使役动词have 的宾语补足语用省去to 的动词不定式，表示将要发生
45、的动作。将陈述句改为倒装句我们首次接触时是一个倒装句，而命题者恰恰是有意地使用陈述句来命题。如：We had _ left home than it began to rainA. no sooner B. hardly C. almost D. nearly分析： no sooner.than 是一个大家十分熟悉的句型。在考察知识点时，命题者却使用了一个陈述句。如果把题干改成： _ had we left home than it began to rain，这道题的答案A 也就变得十分清楚了。将从句或插入语去掉命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入一个从句或插入语，造成主谓隔离。如果将题干中的从句
46、或插入语去掉，题干就会变得很简单。如：The person we spoke to _no answer at first.A. make B. making C. makes D. made分析；可以看出we spoke to 是一个定语从句。将其去掉后，我们就会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词。故本题选用 . D 将被动句改为主动句由于被动句的使用，句子的结构相对于主动句来说就没有那么清楚。我们如果将其改为主动句，这类题就会变得清楚的多。如：Time should be made good use of _our lessons well.A. learning B. learned C. t
47、o learn D. learns分析：将题干改写为主动句则：We should make good use of time _our lesson well 。可以发现介词of精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 22 页有其相应的宾语，其后不能再用动名词做宾语，应选不定式做目的状语。答案是C。将省略句改为完整的句子省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。对于这类试题，可恢复被省略的成分，使句子的结构变得明朗，进而选择合适的答案。如：How long has China been open to the world? _1979.A
48、. After B. In C. Since D. From分析： 将答语部分改为一个完整的句子：China has been open to the worldsince1979.在所给的选项中只有since 能和现在完成时连用。故答案为C。将强调句的it be 和 that 去掉还原成一个单句It was in the small house _ was built with stone by his father _ he spent his childhood.A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that,where分析：可
49、将题干还原成一个陈述句:He spent his childhood in the small house which was built with stone by his father. 故答案为A。将疑问句还原为陈述句Is this book _ you have been looking for all the timeA. that B. one C. the one D. it分析： 首先把疑问句还原成陈述句，题干即为 This book is _ you have been looking for all the time.容易看出该题是一个缺少表语且含有定语从句的主从复合句。不
50、难看出，定语从句you have been looking for all the time修饰的先行词是主句的表语，而选项中只有the one 符合要求。故答案为C。将固定短语还原That was _we had in Beijing 13 years ago!A. wonderful time B. a wonderful timeC. wonderful D. wonderfully分析：在某些复合句中， 被修饰的先行词与定语从句中的动词可构成固定短语。此句可还原为： We had a wonderful time in Beijing 13 years ago.可看出该复合句中有一固定