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1、Explanation for Section B 1.run out of = use up “用完用完”、“卖光卖光”。句子的主语是人或使用的物。注意不能用句子的主语是人或使用的物。注意不能用于被动语态。于被动语态。 I am running out of my money.= My money is running out of. We are running out of the gas. = Our car is running out of the gas.2. I take after my mother. take after look like ,be similar to3
2、. I fixed it up. fix up = repair(修理）；修理）；4. give away 赠送赠送5. call up = ring up;give sb. a ring.;phone sb.6. hand out(散发）散发）; hand in(上缴）；上缴）； hand around/round(传递）传递） 7 .work out (结果、结果是）结果、结果是） The idea works out well. 那个注意的实施结果很好。那个注意的实施结果很好。 另外还有另外还有“解答出、计算出解答出、计算出”的意思。的意思。 Can you work out the a
3、nswer to this question? See if you can work out this bill.A:What do you do, Jimmy?B:I fix up bikes and givethem away. Reading Dear Miss Li, Id like to thank you for giving money to Animal Helpers. Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me. You helped to make it poss
4、ible for me to have Lucky. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Let me tell you my story.set up 建立。建立。you know the organization which is set up to protect the environment?你知道这个为保你知道这个为保 护环境护环境而建立的机构吗？而建立的机构吗？ 4. You helped to make it possible You helped to make it possible for me to have Luckyfo
5、r me to have Lucky.有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿” （狗名）。 此句中 make it possible for someone to do something是一种固定结构，表示 “使 得某人有可能做某事” 。在这个句型中，it仅是一个形式上的宾语，真正的宾语是to do something ,又如：2 make it possible for sb. to do sth. .“使得某人有可能使得某人有可能” Your help makes it possible for him to succeed.（1 1）make宾语名词，宾语名词， “使使”。 We mad
6、e him monitor. （2 2）make宾语形容词，宾语形容词， “使使” His words made me happy. （3）make宾语动词原形，宾语动词原形，“让让做做” He made me work ten hours a day. 又如： Mr. Green makes it possible for us to learn English easily and in an interesting way in his class.格林先生使我们能够在他的课堂上通过有趣的方式轻松地学习英语。 Computer technology makes it possible f
7、or many people to work at home. 电脑技术使得许多人在家便可办公。 I cant use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a
8、 special trained dog. She also thought a dog might cheer me up. I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.help ( sb. ) out 帮助（某帮助（某 人人).解决困难解决困难/难题；帮助（某人）难题；帮助（某人） 摆脱困境。摆脱困境。cant work out the math problem. Can you help me out?这道数学题我算不出这道数学题我算不出 来，你来，你能帮帮我吗？能帮帮我吗？ 5. She talked
9、to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. 她与“动物帮手” 组织联系，试图给我找一只经过特殊训练的狗。 此处Animal Helpers大写首字母，为专有名词，指“动物帮手” 这一组织。若小写， an animal helper则可指一只给人提供某种帮助的动物。 例如： In my life, I see different animals used as animal helpers. We have, for example, dog helpers, monkey helpers, elephant helpers
10、 and soon . 在我一生中，见到过不同的动物用作动物帮手。例如，我们有狗狗帮手、猴子帮手、大象帮手等等。 After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. My dogs name is Lucky a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. You see, Im only able to have a “dog helper” because of your kindness! be
11、cause of因为，由于。其 后可接名词或代词，不可接句子， 在句中作原因状语。The teachers have stopped working 因为罢工， 老师们停止了上课。延伸 because conj.因为，由于。它是 从属连词，通常引导原因状语从 句。Jack has not come because he was ill. Lucky is very clever and understands many English words. He can understand me when I give him orders. For example, I say, “Lucky!
12、Get my book，and he does it at once. Lucky is a fantastic dog. Ill send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps me. Thank you again for changing my life. Best wishes, Ben Smith at once立即；马上。它通立即；马上。它通 常在句中作时间状语，常在句中作时间状语，同义短语同义短语 为为 right away I11 do my homework at once.我马上就
13、做家我马上就做家 庭作业。延伸庭作业。延伸 once for all 一劳一劳 永逸；永逸；once upon a time 从前。从前。 change v.改变。改变。 What he said made me change my mind他说的话让我改变了主意。他说的话让我改变了主意。 延延伸伸 change w. a)变化；改变。变化；改变。 它为可数名词。它为可数名词。A great change has taken place in this city.这座这座城市发生了巨大的变城市发生了巨大的变 化。化。b)零钱。它为不可数名零钱。它为不可数名词。词。 Dont forget yo
14、ur change.另另i 忘忘 了找给你了找给你的零钱的零钱 What would it be like to be blind or deaf? Or imagine you cant walk or use your hands easily. Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties. 1.In what other ways do you think dogs are able to help people?(guide dog;watchdog)2.What o
15、ther animals can we train to help people?(elephants;dolphins)Discuss the questions with a partner.Working in an old peoples homeHelping kids in an after-school programBeing a guide at a museumLook at these kinds of volunteer work.Can you add more?What would you like to do? Discuss it with a partner.
16、Write a letter or e-mail to the placeyou want to volunteer at.Dear Sir of Madam,_Yours truly,_Self CheckFill in the blanks with the appropriate phrasal verbs or infinitives Last week, Jimmy, the Bike Boy_of money_ old bikes.He was unhappy； so everyone was trying_ him up. He_ some signs asking for ol
17、d bikes and_all his friends on the phone_ them about the problem. He even_notices at the supermarket. Then he told the teachers at school about his problem and they_a call-in center for parents. The ideas that he_with worked out fine. He now has 16 bikes_up and_to children who dont have bikes.ran ou
18、tto buyto cheerput upcalled upto tellhanded outset upcame upto fixgave away12. He put up some signs asking for old bikes and called up all his friends and told them about the problem.ask for (1)要求 She asked for some water.她要了些水。 （2）向请求 If you are in trouble,you can ask the policeman for help.如果你有困难，
19、你可以向警察求助。call up 意为“打电话，打电话给”。如： He called up his friends and told the story.他给朋友打电话，并告之整个事情。 【拓展】有关“打电话”的说法：（1）make a telephone call打电话 Hes making a telephone call.他正在打电话。（2）give sb. a call 给某人打电话 When you get there,please give me a call.你到那时，请给我打个电话。（3）ring sb.给某人打电话 I rang you ,but you were out.我
20、给你打电话，但你出去了。Exercises1.He helps _ the classroom.A.cleans up B. cleaning up C. clean up2. I took her to the concert to _.A. cheer up her B. cheer her up C. cheer she up 3.The boss put off _ the workers wages. A. to give out B. give up C. giving out CBC1.The man established a factory in our village la
21、st year.= The man _ _ a factory in our village last year.2. We need to think up some ideas .= We need to _ _ _ some ideas 3.He phoned me and asked me to go there.= He _ _ _ and asked me to go thereset up come up with called/rangme up to set up a shop arent supposed to hand out5. 人们不应该在路上分发广告人们不应该在路上
22、分发广告.People _advertisement on the road . They want _ next year.4. 他们想明年开一家商店他们想明年开一家商店.1. 我准备领他去看电影我准备领他去看电影, 以便他会高兴起来。以便他会高兴起来。 I am going to _ him _the cinema _ _ _ _.2. 这些词都很重要，请把它们记下来。这些词都很重要，请把它们记下来。 These words are all very important. _ _ _, please!3. 你知道谁在校门口分发广告了吗？你知道谁在校门口分发广告了吗？ Do you know
23、 who _ _ _at the school gate?根据汉语完成句子。根据汉语完成句子。to cheer him upWrite them downtaketohanded outadvertisements4.他们的老师不但会讲英语，而且还会讲日语。他们的老师不但会讲英语，而且还会讲日语。 Their teacher can speak _ _ English _ _Japanese.5.没人想买这些大衣，甚至白送也不要。没人想买这些大衣，甚至白送也不要。 No one wants to buy these coats. You cant even _ _ _.6.他想尽力通过这次考试
24、，因此他学习更加努力。他想尽力通过这次考试，因此他学习更加努力。 He _ _ _ _ _, so he works harder.not onlybut alsogive them awaytries to pass the examHands up !/ Put up your hand.put off till tomorrow Never _ what youcan do today.7.请举手请举手!_8.今日事今日事,今日毕。今日毕。 动词短语动词短语1.定义: 动词之后加介词或副词构成短语,表达一种特定的含义;如果被拆开则不能表达这种特定的含义. 2.分类: 及物的短语动词必须接
25、宾语,不及物的短语动词则不需接宾语.1. 及物短语动词所带宾语的位置及物短语动词所带宾语的位置:(1)名词作宾语时名词作宾语时,对于对于“动词动词+副词副词”的短的短语、名词既可以放在短语动词之后语、名词既可以放在短语动词之后,也也可以放在短语动词中间可以放在短语动词中间. 对于对于 “动词动词 + 介词介词” 的短语的短语, 名词放在介词之后名词放在介词之后.(2) 代词作宾语时代词作宾语时,对于对于“动词动词+副词副词” 的短语的短语,代词放在短语动词的中间代词放在短语动词的中间,对于对于“动词动词+ 介词介词” 的短语的短语,代词放在介词之后代词放在介词之后. 一、重点短语一、重点短语
26、1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old peoples home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经 过去_ 5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情 7. at the age of 在.岁时 8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀 10. give out 分发;散发 11. come up with 11. come up with 想出；提出想出；提出 12. make a plan 12. make a plan
27、制订计划制订计划 13. make some notices 13. make some notices 做些公告牌做些公告牌 14. try out 14. try out 试用试用; ;试行试行 15. work for 15. work for 为为工作；为工作；为. . 效力效力 16. put up 16. put up 建造建造; ;举起举起; ;张贴张贴 17. hand out 17. hand out 分发分发; ;散发散发; ;发给发给 18. call up 18. call up 打电话打电话; ;召集召集 19. put off 19. put off 推迟推迟; ;
28、延迟延迟 20. for example 20. for example 比如；例如比如；例如 22. take after 与.相像;像 23. give away 赠送;捐赠 24. fix up 修理;修补;解决 25. be similar to 与相似 26. set up 建立;设立 27. disabled people 残疾人 28. make a difference 影响;有作用 29. be able to 能够 30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目 二、重点句型 1. The boy could give out food at
29、the food bank. 这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。 2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。 3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 每周六上午，他都在一家动物医院当志愿者。 4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。 5. . . . you ca
30、n see in th e ir eyes that they re going on a different journey w ith each new book. 从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每 本不同的新书之旅。 6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. 我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。 7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.
31、 现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。 8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。Nouns: money, animal, helpers, people lucky, organization Pronouns: I ,you, it, my, who, thatVerbs: like, thank, send, set (up), fillAdjectives: disabled, blind, deaf, normalAdverbs: easily, well,
32、 last year, at oncePrepositions: for, with, ofConjunctions: but, and, because, orExclamations: You see, Lucky!情态动词情态动词中考考点情态动词can, must, need, may等的基本句型结构及主要用法。语法互动语法互动(1) 情态动词情态动词 考点考点 情态动词情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示“可能可能”、“应当应当”、“必要必要”等含义，但其本身词义不完全，不能独立作等含义，但其本身词义不完全，不能独立作谓
33、语，必须和动词原形连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。其谓语，必须和动词原形连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not (have tonot (have to除外除外) )，其疑问形，其疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，式是将情态动词提至主语前。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有：主要有：can(couldcan(could), ), may(mightmay(might), must, need, ), must, need, shall(shouldshall(should), ), will(would
34、will(would) )。1 1cancan和和couldcould的用法的用法can(couldcan(could) )表示表示“能力能力”、“许可许可”、“可能性可能性”等。等。could could 为为 can can 的过去式。表示请求时，的过去式。表示请求时，couldcould比比cancan更婉转。更婉转。如：如：Can I use your bikeCan I use your bike？我可以用你的自行车吗？我可以用你的自行车吗？语法互动语法互动(1) 情态动词情态动词 注意注意 can can 和和could could 只能用于现在时和过去时两种时只能用于现在时和过去
35、时两种时态，将来时中用态，将来时中用 be able tobe able to。另外。另外 cant cant 可表示否定推测可表示否定推测。如：如：That _ be That _ be MrMr Wang. He has gone to Beijing. Wang. He has gone to Beijing. A. must B. canA. must B. canC. cant D. needC. cant D. needC C 语法互动语法互动(1) 情态动词情态动词 2 2maymay和和mightmight的用法的用法may(mightmay(might) )意为意为“可以可以
36、”，表示说话人同意、许可或请求对，表示说话人同意、许可或请求对方许可，也可表示祝愿。方许可，也可表示祝愿。maymay的否定式为的否定式为 may notmay not。might might 是是may may 的过去式，有两种用法：一种表示过去式；一种表示虚的过去式，有两种用法：一种表示过去式；一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、客气，或表示可能性更小。如：拟语气，使语气更加委婉、客气，或表示可能性更小。如：_ I use your pen? I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗？我可以用你的钢笔吗？You may put on more clothes. You may pu
37、t on more clothes. 你可以多穿衣服。你可以多穿衣服。May you be happy.May you be happy.祝你开心。祝你开心。Might I borrow some money now?Might I borrow some money now?我现在可以借点钱我现在可以借点钱吗？吗？He might be alive.He might be alive.他可能还活着。他可能还活着。MayMay 语法互动语法互动(1) 情态动词情态动词 3 3mustmust的用法的用法 must must 意为意为“必须，应该，一定，准是必须，应该，一定，准是”，表示说话人认
38、为，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。must must 用于一般现在时和一般将来时，过去式可用用于一般现在时和一般将来时，过去式可用 have to have to 的过去式代的过去式代替。如：替。如：I _I _ finish my work today._ finish my work today.我今天必须完成我的工作。我今天必须完成我的工作。You You mustntmustnt drive after drinking. drive after drinking.你绝不能酒后驾车。你绝不能酒后驾车
39、。(1)must (1)must 和和 have to have to 的区别：的区别： must must 表示说话人的主观意愿；表示说话人的主观意愿；have to have to 表示客观需要。如：表示客观需要。如：I I mustmust do my homework first. do my homework first.我必须首先做家庭作业。我必须首先做家庭作业。It is raining hard outside; I _It is raining hard outside; I _ stay at home._ stay at home.外面雨下得很大，我不得不待在家里。外面雨
40、下得很大，我不得不待在家里。mustmust 语法互动语法互动(1) 情态动词情态动词 havehave toto (2)(2)回答回答must must 的提问的提问肯定回答：肯定回答：YesYes，must.must.如：如：Must I go home now?Must I go home now?Yes, you must.Yes, you must.“ “我必须现在回家吗？我必须现在回家吗？” “是的，你必须。是的，你必须。”否定回答：否定回答：NoNo，neednt./Noneednt./No，dont/doesnt dont/doesnt have to.have to.如：如：
41、Must I go home nowMust I go home now？No, you _No, you _._.“ “我必须现在回家吗？我必须现在回家吗？” “不，没必要。不，没必要。”(3)must 可以表示肯定推测，意为“一定”。如：The man our teacher.那个人一定是我们的老师。neednt/dontneednt/dont havehave toto 语法互动语法互动(1) 情态动词情态动词 4 4needneed的用法的用法(1)need (1)need 做情态动词表示做情态动词表示“需要，必须需要，必须”。主要用于否。主要用于否定句和疑问句中，否定形式为定句和疑问
42、句中，否定形式为needntneednt，表示，表示“没有必要，没有必要，不必不必”；need need 提问时，肯定回答用提问时，肯定回答用mustmust，否定回答用，否定回答用 needntneednt。如：。如：Need we do some cleaning now?Need we do some cleaning now?“ “我们必须现在大扫除吗？我们必须现在大扫除吗？”Yes, you must. “Yes, you must. “是的，你们必须。是的，你们必须。”No, you neednt. “No, you neednt. “不，你们不必。不，你们不必。”(2)need
43、(2)need 还可当做实义动词使用，这时常用结构为还可当做实义动词使用，这时常用结构为 。如：。如：I need to learn more. I need to learn more. 我需要学习更多。我需要学习更多。语法互动语法互动(1) 情态动词情态动词 5 5shallshall和和shouldshould的用法的用法shall shall 用于第一人称的句子中表示提建议或请求；用于第一人称的句子中表示提建议或请求； shouldshould用于各种人称的句子中强调义务或责任。如：用于各种人称的句子中强调义务或责任。如：_ we go out for a walk?_ we go o
44、ut for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗？我们出去散步好吗？( (建议建议) )You You shouldshould study hard at school. study hard at school.你们在学校应该努力学习。你们在学校应该努力学习。( (劝告劝告) )6will和和would的用法的用法will用于第二人称疑问句时，表示征求意见或提建议。用于第二人称疑问句时，表示征求意见或提建议。would 为为 will 的过去式，可用于多种人称，表示意愿。如：的过去式，可用于多种人称，表示意愿。如：Will you have a little soup? 你要不要喝点汤？你要
45、不要喝点汤？ShallShall 语法互动语法互动(1) 情态动词情态动词 语法互动语法互动(1) 情态动词情态动词 归纳 情态动词表推测的用法(1)，其中must表推测的语气最强，其余依次渐弱。如：The book must be hers. Her name is on it.He must be running.他一定是在跑步。 They may know the way to the library.他们可能知道去图书馆的路。(2)(2)。如：。如：That man cant be That man cant be MrMr Li because he has gone to Li b
46、ecause he has gone to London.London.那个人不可能是李老师，因为他去伦敦了。那个人不可能是李老师，因为他去伦敦了。(3)(3)。如：。如：Can the red sweater be Toms?“Can the red sweater be Toms?“这件红毛衣会是吉姆这件红毛衣会是吉姆的吗？的吗？”No, it cant. He cant stand red.No, it cant. He cant stand red.“不，不可能。他不不，不可能。他不能忍受红色。能忍受红色。” 注意注意 might, could might, could并不是并不是ma
47、y, canmay, can的过去式，而是表示的过去式，而是表示语气较委婉或可能性较小。语气较委婉或可能性较小。语法互动语法互动(1) 情态动词情态动词 根据句意及汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限根据句意及汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限1 1Must I finish the work now?Must I finish the work now? No, you _( No, you _(不必不必) )2 2I think you _I think you _ (_ (一定饿了一定饿了). Ill ). Ill cook dinner for you.cook dinner for you.3
48、 3Peter, is the dictionary Marys?Peter, is the dictionary Marys? No, it _ No, it _(_(不可能是她的不可能是她的). Her ). Her dictionary is at home.dictionary is at home.4 4Could I have a look at your photos?Could I have a look at your photos? Yes, you _ Yes, you _ (_ (能能) )5 5I _I _ (_ (能游泳能游泳) at the age of five
49、.) at the age of five.考点过关neednt/dontneednt/dont havehave totomustmust bebe hungryhungrycantcant bebe hersherscancancouldcould swimswim语法互动语法互动(1) 情态动词情态动词 【2013 甘肃白银甘肃白银】37. Finish your homework first, then youll _ watch TV for an hour. A. can B. be able to C. able D could【答案答案】B 考查助动词用法。考查助动词用法。 w
50、ill是助动词，其后应该用是助动词，其后应该用动词的原型，故选动词的原型，故选B。【2013广东梅州广东梅州】35.Amy, I hear youve got many foreign coins. _ I have a look? Of course, Ill fetch them for you. A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need 【答案答案】A【解析解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：考查情态动词的用法。句意：艾米，我听说艾米，我听说你有很多外国硬币。我可以看一下吗？你有很多外国硬币。我可以看一下吗？当然了。我拿当然了。我拿给你看。给你看。May I?用于向对