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1、What kind of music do you like?I like music that/which I can sing along with. What kind of group does Xu Fei like?He prefers groups that/which play quiet and slow songs.What kind of movie do you like?I prefer movies that/which give me something to think about.What kind of musician does Carmen like?S
2、he likes musicians who play different kinds of music.Grammar Focus Choose words from the different columns to make sentences.I/you/he/she/we/theylike(s)/love(s)/prefer(s)food/clothes/people/music/singers/moviesthat/which/whois/arefunny/comfortable/inexpensive/slow/sweet/salty/loud/interesting/intell
3、igent4a4a1 I like food that is salty.2 he loves actors that are intelligent.3 she loves clothes that are inexpensive.4 they prefer movies that are funny. . Read Jennifers CD review. Then complete the sentences using that, which or who.1. Its the kind of music_.2. Its a CD_.3. She likes musicians_.4.
4、 She doesnt like the songs_.5. She likes singers_.that/which you can dance tothat/which you can take to a partywho write their own lyricsthat/which are too longwho sing the words clearly4b4b Make conversations about the kind of things you like and dislike.What kind of food do you enjoy?I enjoy food
5、that is sweet!4 4c cThe Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句 定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、不定式、介词短语不定式、介词短语等来担任,修饰名词。等来担任,修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例)以分词、介词短语为例) 例:例: The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk. 定语从句定语从句在英语中,修饰在英语中,修饰名词名词或或代词代词的的句子句子叫定语从句。叫定语从句。 例:例:I like music that
6、I can dance to . Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music. 关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句q普通代词与关系代词的区别普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sisterq普通代词普通代词:只起代替的作用(如上例:只起代替的作用(如上例she)I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q关系代词关系代词: (如上例(如上例who/which) 代替先行词代替先行词; 它还在定语从
7、句中担任一定的成分它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句 .(把主(把主句和从句连起来)句和从句连起来) The building is our school. The building stands by the river. v 关系代词的使用取决于先行词,它们的关系非常密关系代词的使用取决于先行词,它们的关系非常密切,因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词,切,因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词,所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后,而且它的所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后,而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、
8、数必须和先行词一致。The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句vwhich/that which/that 是关系代词,它在从句中代替先是关系代词,它在从句中代替先行词行词the building, the building, 同时担任从句中的主语,同时担任从句中的主语,也起连词的作用,把两个简单句连接也起连词的作用,把两个简单句连接 起来。起来。 The building is our school. The building stands by the river. v
9、关系代词的使用取决于先行词,它们的关系非常密关系代词的使用取决于先行词,它们的关系非常密切,因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词,切,因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词,所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后,而且它的所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后,而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句vwhich/that which/that 是关系代词,它在从句中代替先是关系代词,它在从句中代替先行词行词t
10、he building, the building, 同时担任从句中的主语,同时担任从句中的主语,也起连词的作用,把两个简单句连接也起连词的作用,把两个简单句连接 起来。起来。 关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤 :v 首先,要看先行词。首先,要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用which或或that;v 然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词先行词 主格主格 宾格宾格 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwh
11、o(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of which 最后,定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致最后,定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实叙述客观事实 用一般现在时用一般现在时) (从句从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday
12、. (句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间) The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. The man is kind. Everyone likes him. Th
13、e man (who) everyone likes is kind. (宾语宾语) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.关系代词关系代词 1.who1.who指人指人, ,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(
14、 (作宾语可省略)作宾语可省略)The man(who) I talked with is our teacher.Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music.2.whom2.whom指人指人, ,作宾语作宾语 ( (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略, ,如如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.关系代词关系代词 3.whose 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,
15、 , 它既可以它既可以代人也可以代物。代人也可以代物。 Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.4.which 4.which 指物,作主语或宾语指物,作主语或宾语 ( (作宾作宾 语可省略语可省略, ,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省) ) I live music which/that I can sing alo
16、ng with.I prefer movies which/that give me something to think about. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is small
17、The apple which is green is big.Can you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? 1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud o
18、f .关系代词与介词关系代词与介词: 介词放在关系代词的前介词放在关系代词的前面时面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物, 用用whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.注意: 固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前
19、.例如例如:look after, look at 定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数序数词词修饰时修饰时 This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting (that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行词是先行词是 something, nothing,
20、 anything等等不定代词不定代词时时 Here is something (that) I will tell you.3.先行词是先行词是one of, the one, 或用或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修饰时作修饰时 Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much that I can offer you. 4.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或which时,用时,用that。 Who is
21、the woman that was praised at the meeting? 5.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的,它和关系是用来引导定语从句的,它和关系代词一样代词一样,在从句中代替先行词在从句中代替先行词,在句中在句中作状语作状语。 where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点. when: 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间
22、。1.The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel (which) we stayed at wasnt clean.2.Ill never forget the day. I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day when I joined the League. Ill never forge
23、t the day on which I joined the League .(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very who famous in the world. whom that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new. which Lets do more exercise! 单项选择。 1. I
24、like singers _write their own songs. A. who B. what C. when D. which 2. Tom is the man about _I talked yesterday. A. why B.that C. whom D.where3. He likes the movies _ that have monsters. A. / B. which C. who D. where4. She is the person _hair is black. A. that B.whom C. who D. whose5. I dont have t
25、he book _you need. A.who B. that C. when D.which6. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for whi
26、ch C.on which D.about which9. The boy _ parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A. whose B. who C. his D./10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver. A. whom B. who C. which D. what 根据汉语完成句子:根据汉语完成句子:1.This is the engineer _ (给我们作关于计算机报告的给我们作关于计算机报告的) the other day.2.My necklace is not _.
27、 (唯一不见的东西唯一不见的东西).3.The man_ (在这间房子里工作的在这间房子里工作的)is an English teacher.4.The old building_ (我们住的我们住的) has been here for 30 years.5.The history book _ (封皮是黄的)封皮是黄的)was lost.who gave us a talk about computersthe only thing thats missingwho works in the room(that/which) we live inwhose cover is yellow
28、根据汉语完成句子:根据汉语完成句子:6.Here is the pen _ . (你昨天丢失的)你昨天丢失的)7.This is the best book_. (我读过的)我读过的)8.I have lost the pen_. (我父亲给我买的(我父亲给我买的9.Wheat is a plant_ . _(中国北方(中国北方 种植的)种植的)10.I dont like the people_. (说得多说得多,做得少的)做得少的) (that)you lost yesterday(that) I have ever read(which/that) my father bought me
29、 which/that is grownwho talk too much but do littlein the north of ChinaHomework Write about your bobbies in your exercise book. You can use :I prefer because My favorite is for the reason that1、不要做刺猬,能不与人结仇就不与人结仇,谁也不跟谁一辈子,有些事情没必要记在心上。2、相遇总是猝不及防,而离别多是蓄谋已久,总有一些人会慢慢淡出你的生活,你要学会接受而不是怀念。3、其实每个人都很清楚自己想要什么
30、,但并不是谁都有勇气表达出来。渐渐才知道,心口如一,是一种何等的强大!4、有些路看起来很近,可是走下去却很远的,缺少耐心的人永远走不到头。人生,一半是现实,一半是梦想。5、没什么好抱怨的,今天的每一步,都是在为之前的每一次选择买单。每做一件事,都要想一想,日后打脸的时候疼不疼。6、过去的事情就让它过去,一定要放下。学会狠心,学会独立,学会微笑,学会丢弃不值得的感情。7、成功不是让周围的人都羡慕你,称赞你,而是让周围的人都需要你,离不开你。8、生活本来很不易,不必事事渴求别人的理解和认同,静静的过自己的生活。心若不动,风又奈何。你若不伤,岁月无恙。9、与其等着别人来爱你,不如自己努力爱自己,对自
31、己好点,因为一辈子不长,对身边的人好点,因为下辈子不一定能够遇见。10、你迷茫的原因往往只有一个,那就是在本该拼命去努力的年纪,想得太多,做得太少。11、有一些人的出现,就是来给我们开眼的。所以,你一定要禁得起假话,受得住敷衍,忍得住欺骗,忘得了承诺,放得下一切。12、不要像个落难者,告诉别人你的不幸。逢人只说三分话,不可全抛一片心。13、人生的路,靠的是自己一步步去走,真正能保护你的,是你自己的选择。而真正能伤害你的,也是一样,自己的选择。14、不要那么敏感,也不要那么心软,太敏感和太心软的人,肯定过得不快乐,别人随便的一句话,你都要胡思乱想一整天。15、不要轻易去依赖一个人,它会成为你的习
32、惯,当分别来临,你失去的不是某个人,而是你精神的支柱;无论何时何地,都要学会独立行走,它会让你走得更坦然些。16、在不违背原则的情况下,对别人要宽容,能帮就帮,千万不要把人逼绝了,给人留条后路,懂得从内心欣赏别人,虽然这很多时候很难。17、做不了决定的时候,让时间帮你决定。如果还是无法决定,做了再说。宁愿犯错,不留遗憾!18、不要太高估自己在集体中的力量,因为当你选择离开时,就会发现即使没有你,太阳照常升起。19、时间不仅让你看透别人,也让你认清自己。很多时候,就是在跌跌拌拌中,我们学会了生活。20、命运要你成长的时候,总会安排一些让你不顺心的人或事刺激你。21、你的假装努力,欺骗的只有你自己
33、,永远不要用战术上的勤奋,来掩饰战略上的懒惰。22、成长是一场和自己的比赛,不要担心别人会做得比你好,你只需要每天都做得比前一天好就可以了。23、你没那么多观众,别那么累。做一个简单的人,踏实而务实。不沉溺幻想,更不庸人自扰。24、奋斗的路上,时间总是过得很快,目前的困难和麻烦是很多,但是只要不忘初心,脚踏实地一步一步的朝着目标前进,最后的结局交给时间来定夺。25、你心里最崇拜谁,不必变成那个人,而是用那个人的精神和方法,去变成你自己。26、运气是努力的附属品。没有经过实力的原始积累,给你运气你也抓不住。上天给予每个人的都一样,但每个人的准备却不一样。不要羡慕那些总能撞大运的人,你必须很努力,
34、才能遇上好运气。27、时间只是过客,自己才是主人,人生的路无需苛求,只要你迈步,路就在你的脚下延伸,只要你扬帆,便会有八面来风,启程了,人的生命才真正开始。28、每个人身上都有惰性和消极情绪,成功的人都是懂得管理自己的情绪和克服自己的惰性,并像太阳一样照亮身边的人,激励身边的人。29、最终你相信什么就能成为什么。因为世界上最可怕的二个词,一个叫执着,一个叫认真,认真的人改变自己,执着的人改变命运。只要在路上,就没有到不了的地方。30、人生,就要活得漂亮,走得铿锵。自己不奋斗,终归是摆设。无论你是谁,宁可做拼搏的失败者,也不要做安于现状的平凡人。31、不管做什么都不要急于回报,因为播种和收获不在
35、同一个季节,中间隔着的一段时间,我们叫它为坚持。32、过自己喜欢的生活,成为自己喜欢的样子,其实很简单,就是把无数个“今天”过好,这就意味着不辜负不蹉跎时光,以饱满的热情迎接每一件事,让生命的每一天都有滋有味。进入夏天,少不了一个热字当头,电扇空调陆续登场,每逢此时,总会进入夏天,少不了一个热字当头,电扇空调陆续登场,每逢此时,总会想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇,是记忆中的农村,夏季经常用的一件物品。记想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇,是记忆中的农村,夏季经常用的一件物品。记忆中的故乡,每逢进入夏天,集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席,不论男女老忆中的故乡,每逢进入夏天,集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席,不论男女老少,个个手
36、持一把,忽闪忽闪个不停,嘴里叨叨着少,个个手持一把,忽闪忽闪个不停,嘴里叨叨着“怎么这么热怎么这么热”,于是三,于是三五成群,聚在大树下,或站着,或随即坐在石头上,手持那把扇子,边唠嗑五成群,聚在大树下,或站着,或随即坐在石头上,手持那把扇子,边唠嗑边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳,热得满头大汗,不时听到边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳,热得满头大汗,不时听到“强子,别跑强子,别跑了,快来我给你扇扇了,快来我给你扇扇”。孩子们才不听这一套,跑个没完,直到累气喘吁吁,。孩子们才不听这一套,跑个没完,直到累气喘吁吁,这才一跑一踮地围过了,这时母亲总是,好似生气的样子,边扇边训,这才一跑一踮地围过了,这
37、时母亲总是,好似生气的样子,边扇边训,“你你看热的,跑什么?看热的,跑什么?”此时这把蒲扇,是那么凉快,那么的温馨幸福,有母亲此时这把蒲扇,是那么凉快,那么的温馨幸福,有母亲的味道!蒲扇是中国传统工艺品,在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材的味道!蒲扇是中国传统工艺品,在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树,制作简单,方便携带,且蒲扇的表面光滑,因而,古人常会在上于棕榈树,制作简单,方便携带,且蒲扇的表面光滑,因而,古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名,实即今日的蒲扇,江浙称之为面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名,实即今日的蒲扇,江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代,人们最常用的就是这种,似圆非圆,轻巧又便宜的蒲芭蕉扇。六七十年代,人们最常用的就是这种,似圆非圆,轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。蒲扇流传至今,我的记忆中,它跨越了半个世纪,也走过了我们的扇。蒲扇流传至今,我的记忆中,它跨越了半个世纪,也走过了我们的半个人生的轨迹,携带着特有的念想,一年年,一天天,流向长长的时间隧半个人生的轨迹,携带着特有的念想,一年年,一天天,流向长长的时间隧道,袅道,袅