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1、I.名词的分类1. 专有名词指一个人或事物所特有的名称,如具体的人物,地点,机构,国家或地区的名称等,不能随意更改,其中实词的第一个字母必须大写,且前面不加冠词。如:(1)人名: David, Mr. Wang, President Clinton (2)地名: the Yellow River, the Great Wall, ( 3 ) 某国人的名称:American, Chinese, Japanese (4) 某些抽象事物的名称: English, Buddhism, WTO (5)月份,星期及节日名称:April, Sunday, Christmas Day 2. 普通名词指某类人或
2、事物的名称或者某种抽象概念。普通名词按其所示的事物性质又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数之分,不可数名词没有单复数之分。(1) 可数名词变复数a. 一 般 在 词 尾 加 -s,在清 辅音 后都 s; 在 元 音 和 浊 辅 音 后 读 z; s,z,ts,d 的结尾读 iz 如:brotherbrothers horse horses desk -desks mapmaps b. 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的加 -es. es一般读做 iz 如:box-boxes watch-watches c. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,把 y 变 i 加-es; 以元音字母加
3、y 结尾的词直接加-s. 一般读做 iz 如:factory factories toy -toys d. 以-f 或-fe 结尾的词,把 f,fe 改为 v,再加 -es,-ves 如:wolf - wolves wife -wives e. 以 o结尾的词加 -s 如:photo-photos piano - pianos Negro 黑人 hero 英雄potato 土豆tomato 西红柿 这四个单词变精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页复数时加 -es. 口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿f.不规则变化单复数同型s
4、heep, Chinese, deer, fish, people 词干发生变化的词foot-feet toothteeth, childchildren ,mouse-mice (2) 不可数名词的数不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算,没有词形变化,如果不可数名词需要计量时,用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”。 不可数名词可与 a lot of, plenty of, much, little, a little, any, a great deal of 连用。如:a piece of bread, a little water (3) 名词作定语时数的变化当名词作定语修饰名词
5、时, 其数的变化有以下两种情况; 当修饰词是 man, woman 时,将 man ,woman 与被修饰词同时变成复数。当修饰词不是man 或 woman时,只把被修饰词变成复数。如:women teachers, letter boxes (4) 名词所有格的构成a. Of 所有格所有者为无生命的事物,用“of +名词 ” 结构如:the name of the book a picture of my family b. s 所有格的构成 一般情况,在单数名词词尾加 s 如:Mike s pen the boy s father 以 s结尾的单数名词后加“ ”如:my boss s ho
6、use 以 s, 或-es结尾的复数名词只加“ ” , 不规则复数名词词尾加“ s”如:the teachers dinning-room 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页 表示两者或两者以上共同所有,把 s 加在最后的名词上;表示各自拥有的某件东西时,每个名词都要有所有格形式。如:David and Peter s David s and Peter s II.课内练习1. Many western festivals are very popular in China, but is still the mos
7、t important for the Chinese. A. April Fool s Day B. Christmas Day C. Halloween D. Spring Festival 2. Of all the vegetables, I like best. A. Potatoes B. eggs C. mike D. apple 3. I m hungry, can you give me ? A. Some slice of bread B. some slices of bread C. some breads 4. I was very excited when I sa
8、w many on the farm. A. chicken B. sheep C. duck 5. -Would you like some drinks, boys? - Yes, , please. A. Some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange 6. -Could I have something to eat? -Sure. Here s some . A. chicken B. tomatoes C. orange 7. My friend Dave helped m
9、e a lot by giving me on English learning. A. advices B. many advices C. some advice 8. There are a lot of in our school. They work very hard. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. womans teachers 9. In Britain are all painted red. A. letter boxes B. letters boxes C .letter box 10. -How is Joy s ski
10、rt? -Her skirt is more beautiful than . A. Her sister s and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kate s D. her sister s and Kate s 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页11. -Whose dictionaries are these? -They are the . A. twinsB. twin C. twins D. twin 12. Mrs. Bond is an
11、old friend of . A. Jake mother B. Jake mother s C. Jake s mother D. Jake s mother s 13. I m going on holiday on the 12th. I have to be back at work on the 26th. So I have got two holiday. A. weeks B. week s C. weeks D. week 14. -Where shall we go for dinner? - . A. At Uncle Tom B. At Uncle Tom s C. With Uncle Tom 15. -How far is it from your home to school? -It s about twenty walk. A. minute s B. minutes C. minutes参考答案 : DABBDACBADADCBB 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页