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1、名师精编优秀资料九年级英语语法必记知识点(精挑细讲 ) 初中语法复习精挑细讲 词类。词类英语名称意 义 例 词名词The Noun ( 缩写为 n) 表示人或事物的名称Basket, mouth, hospital, year, train 冠词The Article (art) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物a, an, the 代词The Pronoun (pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或数词They, his, him, mine, which, all 形容词The Adjective (adj) 用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征Long, empty, heavy, diff
2、erent, cheap, hungry 数词The Numeral (num) 表示数量或顺序Three, thirteen, twenty, second 动词The Verb (v) 表示动作或状态Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing 副词The Adverb (adv) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词Quickly, early, out, soon, then, sometimes 介词The Preposition (prep) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系From, with, at, into, behind, between, for 连
3、词The Conjunction (conj) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句And, or, but, so, because 感叹词The Interjection (interj) 表示说话时的喜悦、 惊讶等情感Oh, hey, ouch, well, there, dear （一）名词：专有名词：表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如China, John, London, the USA, Harbin . 1名词个体名词：表示单个的人或事物。如boat, chair, desk, apple . 可数名词集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如family, people, clas
4、s, police . 普通名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质。如water, air, tea, sea, money, cotton . 抽象名词：表示抽象概念的词。如health, help, work, friendship . 不可数名词2名词的数。可数名词有单复数，不可数名词没有单复数。3名词的格：名词有三个格：主格（作主语）、宾格（作宾语）、和所有格。其中只有名词的所有格有形式变化。（二）冠词1定冠词 the . 1 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。The students are very good. 2 说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物。Where is the toilet
5、? 3 重复提到上文的人或事物。I have a cat , the cat is white and black . 4 表示世界上独一无二的事物。The moon moves around the earth . 5 形容词最高级和序数词前和表示方位的名词前。I am the oldest . He is the first to school . I live in the south . 6 洋乐器的名称前常用定冠词the 。I like playing the piano / violin . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -
6、第 1 页，共 20 页名师精编优秀资料7 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化， 代表某一类人。 We should help the poor . 但 play Erhu. 8 放在某些专有名词前。We will go to visit the Great Wall next week . the Peoples Republic of China . 9 放在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇两人。The Whites are watching TV . 10 固定词组中。In the morning / afternoon / evening . 2不定冠词a / an . 1 指人或事物
7、的某一种类。A horse is a useful animal. A table has four legs. 2 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。Pass me a pencil, please. We write with a pen. 3 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。The book was written by a peasant. Last month we were working in a factory. 4 不定冠词还可以指“ 事物的单位 ” ， 如“ 每日 ” 、 “ 每斤 ” 等。 Here is a letter for you . The meat is 1
8、8 yuan a kilo. 3零冠词。1 泛指人类或男女。Man will conquer nature . 2 抽象名词在用来表示它的一般概念时，通常不加冠词。 Knowledge begins with practice . 3 有些个体名词有时可以转化成具有抽象意义，其前面也常不加冠词。We had better send him to hospital at once. 4 在专有名词前一般不用冠词。China is a great country. Mr Smith is an artist. 5 在三餐饭、球棋类运动名称之前不用冠词。He often goes out for a
9、 walk after supper. Sometimes I play basketball. 6 在节假日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前。September 10th is Teachers Day.7 称呼语或表示头衔、职务的名词前不用冠词。Granny is sleeping now. We call him monitor. 8 在语言名词前， 名词前有指示代词、 物主代词或数词时， 不用冠词。This is his book. I can speak English . 9 不用冠词的惯用语。At night / on food / go to town / at home / in
10、 class / at work 等。（三）形容词1形容词的构成。1 简单形容词由一个单词构成。Good, long, green, large, bright, interesting, surprised, learned, developing, sleeping . 2 复合形容词由一个以上的词构成。20-minute, second-hand, 500-word, 8-year-old, three-legged, round-trip, part-time, good-looking. 2形容词的用法。1 修饰名词作定语。She is a beautiful girl . 2 作表
11、语。 He is very strong. 3 作宾语补足语。Let the door open. You must keep your classroom clean . 4 “定冠词形容词” 表示一类人或物，在句子中可作主语或宾语。We should speak to the old politely. 5 大多数形容词既可作表语又可作定语，但少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语。如：asleep, ill, awake 等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 20 页名师精编优秀资料6 有些形容词只能作定语而不能作表语。如
12、：many, little, wooden, golden 等。3形容词的位置。1 形容词通常放在它所修饰的名词的前面。A heavy box. 2 与表示度量的词连用，形容词要放在它所修饰词语的后面。3 metres long. 12 kilometers away . 3 与不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing 等连用时， 可以放在这些词之后。Something important . nothing serious . 4 当名词前有多个形容词修饰时，一般按下面的词序排列：冠词（包括物主代词、序数词、基数词）描述形容词（brave, b
13、eautiful）表示形状（大小、长短、高矮）的形容词表示年龄或新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国籍、出处或来源的形容词表示材料、物质的形容词表示用途或类别的形容词被修饰的词。My nice small brown leather bag . those large round black wooden tables . 4形容词的比较级和最高级。（一般加er / est ，不规则见表）1 原级的用法： “ 和 相同 ”A 肯定句： A 动词 as 形容词原级 as B . He is as tall as me . B 否定句： A not as 形容词原级 as B （即 A 不如B 那么
14、 ）A not so 形容词原级 as B = A + less + 形容词原级than + B . 2 比较级的用法：A A 动词 形容词的比较级 than B . （A 比 B 更 ，在这种句型中，比较级前面可用much, even, still, a little, a bit, a lot, any, far 等修饰，表示“ 得多 ” ，“ 甚至” ，“ 更 ” ，“ 一点儿 ” 。B “ 比较级 and 比较级 ” 、 “more and more 部分双音节或多音节的原级” 译为“ 越来越 ” 。3 最高级的用法：（个体用of ，范围用 in，最高级前面要用定冠词the）A 三种最
15、高级表示法。最高级： Shanghai is the largest city in China . 比较级：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China . / Shanghai is larger than the other cities in China . 原级：No other city is as large as Shanghai in China . / No other city is larger than Shanghai in China . （四）副词1副词的种类：1 时间副词： often, always, usu
16、ally, early, ago, already, before, ever, late, now, soon, since, tomorrow, just now 2 地点副词： here, there, above, below, outside, anywhere, back, down, home, out, everywhere 3 方式副词： hard, well, badly, fast, slowly, angrily, simply, carefully 4 程度副词： very, quite, much, still, almost, little, too, enoug
17、h 5 疑问副词： how, when, where, why 6 关系副词： when, where, why （引导定语从句）7 连接副词： how, when, where, why, whether 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 20 页名师精编优秀资料8 频率副词： often, seldom, usually, never, sometimes, every day, always, hardly 9 其他副词： really, certainly, surely, maybe 2副词的用法：1 作状语：
18、He can finish the work easily . 2 作定语（要后置）： The students here are from Harbin . 3 作表语： I must be off now . 4 作宾补，构成复合宾语： Show him up . I saw him out with my sister last night . 3副词的比较级和最高级。（一般加er / est , 不规则见表）1 副词的原级：A as + 副词的原级+ as “与一样 ”B not as(so) + 副词的原级+ as “与不一样 ”C too + 副词的原级+ to do sth .
19、“太而不能 ”D so + 副词的原级+ that 从句“ 如此 以致于 ”E 副词的原级+ enough to do sth . “足够 能做 ”2 副词的比较级：AA + 动词 + 副词比较级+ than + B B副词比较级前也可以用much, even, still, far, any, a little, a bit, a lot 等修饰。C 比较级 and + 比较级， 表示 “ 越来越 ” ， the more the more 表示 “ 越 就越 ”D副词的最高级前通常不加定冠词the . （五）数词1基数词：112 13 19 20 90 100 1 one 13 thirt
20、een 20 twenty 100 a hundred 2 two 14 fourteen 21 twenty-one 300 three hundred 3 three 15 fifteen 22 twenty-two 1,000 a thousand 4 four 16 sixteen 30 thirty 5,000 five thousand 5 five 17 seventeen 40 forty 1,000,000 a million 6 six 18 eighteen 50 fifty 1,000,000,000 a billion 7 seven 19 nineteen 60 s
21、ixty 8 eight 70 seventy 9 nine 80 eighty 10 ten 90 ninety 11 eleven 12 twelve 2序数词：1-10 11-19 20-90 100- 1 first 1st 11 eleventh 11th 20 twentieth 20th 100 one hundredth 100th 2 second 2nd 12 twelfth 12th 21 twenty-first 21st 103 one hundred and third 103rd 3 third 3rd 13 thirteenth 13th 30 thirtiet
22、h 30th 134 one hundred and thirty-fourth 134th 4 fourth 4th 14 fourteenth 14th 37 thirty-seventh 37th 200 two hundredth 200th 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 20 页名师精编优秀资料5 fifth 5th 15 fifteenth 15th 40 fortieth 40th 1000 one thousandth 1,000th 6 sixth 6th 16 sixteenth 16th 50 f
23、iftieth 50th 1,000,000 one millionth 1,000,000th 7 seventh 7th 17 seventeenth 17th 60 sixtieth 60th 1,000,000,000 one billionth 1,000,000,000th 8 eighth 8th 18 eighteenth 18th 70 seventieth 70th 9 ninth 9th 19 nineteenth 19th 80 eightieth 80th 10 tenth 10th 90 ninetieth 90th 1作主语： The first is bette
24、r than the second . 2 作宾语： He was among the first to arrive . 3 作表语： He is the first to come to school . 4 作定语： The ninth letter of the word “restaurant” is “n” ./ There are three thousand workers in the factory . （六）代词类 别 作 用 例 词 例 句人称代词代替人或事物，主格作主语，宾客作宾语数格 人称单 数 复 数 I am a teacher . They are stude
25、nts . We all like him . He gave the book to me . 一 二 三 一 二 三主 格 I you he She it we you they 宾 格 me you him Her it us you them 物主代词形容词性只作定语，名词性可以作主、宾、表语等，表示所属关系词义类型我的你的 他的她的 它的 我们的你们的他们的 My book is there. Her father is a worker. This bike is yours, ours is broken . 形容词性my your his her its our your th
26、eir 名词词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词起强调作用，只作同位语和宾语数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称We ourselves did the work. He did the work by himself. 单 数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复 数 ourselves yourselves themselves 相互代词表示相互关系，作宾语宾 格 所 有 格 We should help each other. Please correct each others mist
27、akes .each other （两者相互）each others（相互的）one another （三者或三者以上）one anothers（相互的）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 20 页名师精编优秀资料指示代词起指示作用， 作定语、主语、宾语、表语等This, that, these, those, it, such, same Take this book to his room. My point is this . 不定代词代替或修饰任何不定数量及不定范围的人或事物some, any, no, none,
28、many, few, little, all, both, every, one, either, neither, other, a few, a little, another, somebody, nobody, nothing, each I have something to tell you. Neither answer is right. 疑问代词表示疑问， 构成特殊问句who, what, whose, which, whom Whom did you see ? 关系代词引导定语从句which, that, who, whom, whose The book that I
29、lost was new. 连接代词引导名词性从句 （主语从句、 宾语从句、 表语从句、 同位语从句）what, who, that I know what you are doing . at s what I hope .（七）动词类 别 意 义 例 子 例 句行为动词含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。及物动词后面一定接宾语Open, visit, hear He visited Gaozhou yesterday. 不及物动词后面可以不接宾语Laugh, cry, live He lives in Beijing .连系动词 （link v） 本身有一定的词义，但不能独
30、立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。Be, become, grow, get, turn, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem The meat smells bad .He is a student . 助动词（ v.aux. ） 本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、 疑问、时态或其他语法形式Do, does, did, am, is, are, have, has, had, shall, will, should, would He doesn t speak English .We are playing fo
31、otball . He had gone to Beijing . 情态动词（ Modal Verbs ） 本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词， 表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。Can, may, must, should, need, dear, shall, will, have to She can speak English .May I speak to Ann, please、We must go now . 注：动词（除情态动词，只有原形和过去式）有原形、第三人称单数、动词ing、动词过去式、动词过去分词五种形式。（八）介词1介
32、词的种类：1 简单介词： in, at, of, from, since, around, to 2 合成介词： onto, into, without, upon, within 3 短语介词： because of, in front of, according to 4 分词介词： regarding, following, concerning 2介词短语在句子中的作用：1 作定语。 I know the answer to the question . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 20 页名师精编优秀资料2
33、 作状语。 The children are playing basketball in the playground . 3 作表语。 Mike is in the classroom . 4 作宾语补足语。He found himself in the middle of the river . 5 作主语补足语。Tom was seen inside the cinema . 3常用介词的基本用法：1 表示时间的介词（at, in, on, for, since, after, by, during, before, from, to, until, within ）2 表示位置，方位的
34、介词（in, at, on, to ）3 表示交通方式的常用介词（by, on, in ）4 其他一些词组搭配介词（be angry with/at/about sb/sth . be strict with/in/ sb/sth ）（九）连词1并列连词：1 表联合关系连词。（and, or, but, for, not onlybut also, as well as, bothand, neithernor . ）2 转折连词。（ but, while, yet, however .）3 选择连词。（ or, or else, eitheror , otherwise .）2从属连词：1
35、引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的连用，主要有三个：that, whether, if . I hear that he is a student . 2 引导状语从句的从属连词：A 连接时间状语从句：when, before, after, while, as soon as, since, until, as, whenever, ever since B 连接让步状语从句：although, though, even if, however C 连接原因状语从句：as, because, since, now that, for D 连接目的状语从句：that, so that, in
36、order that E 连接条件状语从句：if, unless, once, in case F 连接结果状语从句：sothat, suchthat G 连接方式状语从句：as, as if, as though H 连接地点状语从句：where . I 连接比较状语从句：as, as as, not as/so as, than （十）非谓语动词1定义：动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。2动词不定式：to 动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to ）。（没有人称和
37、数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化）1 一般式：主动语态：to do , 被动语态： to be + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生) 2 进行式：主动语态：to be doing , 被动语态：无(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 20 页名师精编优秀资料3 完成式：主动语态：to have + 动词过去分词， 被动语态：to have been + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生) 4 用法：
38、A 作主语： To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It s not easy to learn a foreign language . B 作表语： The most important thing is to finish the work on time . C 作宾语：a. 动词 to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford )b. 动词疑问词to
39、 do I dont know where to put the bike .c. 动词形式宾语(it)宾补 to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language . D 作补语：a. 动词宾语to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage)b. 动词宾语不带to 的动词He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, fee
40、l, watch, notice, have, make, let)E 作状语：a. 表示目的： He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus . b. 表示结果： He is too tired to walk any farther . They aren t old enough to go to school .c. 表示原因： He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you . F作定语：I have some
41、thing to tell you . I want to buy something to eat . 5 动词不定式to 的省略：A 在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to，但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。I often saw him go out of the room .- He was often seen to go out of the room by me . B在 had better, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。6 动词不定式的否定形式：
42、not + to do ，有时也可以用never + to do 结构。3动名词：动词原形ing 。具有名词、动词一些特征。1 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词（表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生) 2 完成式：主动语态： having + 动词过去分词， 被动语态： having been + 动词过去分词（表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生）Children enjoy watching animated cartoon . I dont remember having ever seen the film .3 动名词
43、的否定形式：not + 动名词（ v-ing ） I regret not being able to help you . 4 用法：A 作主语：a. 动名词作主语如果太长，可以用形式主语it 代替。 Learning English is very important .- It s very important to learn English .b. No + 动名词表示 “ 禁止 ” 。 No smoking, No parking . B 作宾语： He finished doing his homework . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
44、- - - - - -第 8 页，共 20 页名师精编优秀资料C 作表语： His favourite sport is playing basketball . D 作定语： shopping basket, finishing line . （表明名词的用途、功能等）E 动名词的复合结构：名词所有格、形容词物主代词动名词。Do you mind my / Wei Fangs opening the window ?4分词：动词原形ing 。具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。（可分为现在分词、过去分词）现在分词1 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词（表示动作
45、或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生) 2 完成式：主动语态： having + 动词过去分词， 被动语态： having been + 动词过去分词（表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生）3 动名词的否定形式： not + 动名词（v-ing ） No understanding the meaning of the words, he couldn t explain the sentence .4 用法：A 作表语。 The result is surprising . B 作定语。 Developing country (主谓关系 ) sleeping boy (boy 所做
46、的动作 ) C 作状语。 Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano . = when he was passing by the house , he saw a girl playing the piano . D 作宾补。 I found him lying on the grass. 过去分词1 形式：规则动词ed，和不规则动词的过去分词。2 过去分词的否定形式：not + 动词过去分词。3 用法：A 作表语： My bike is broken . He is very worried . B 作定语： develope
47、d country, fallen leaves, spoken English . C 作状语： Asked why he was absent, he said he was ill . = When he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill . D 作宾补： You had better have your shoes mended . I had my hair cut yesterday . （十一）动词的语态1 语态定义：英语中表示主语和谓语之间的关系的动词形式称为语态。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是
48、动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 We teach English in our school .(主动 ) English is taught in our school .（被动）2 被动语态：助动词Be + 及物动词的过去分词（be +p.p. ）， be 有人称、时态和数的变化。见下表：时 态 谓语动词的形式例 子一般现在时Am / is / are + 动词过去分词Colour TVs are made in the factory . 一般过去时Was / were + 动词过去分词My hometown was liberated in 1949 . 一般将来时Sh
49、all / will + be +动词过去分词The film will be shown again . 现在进行时Am / is / are + being +动词过去分词The walls are being painted . 过去进行时Was / were +being动词过去分词The tickets were being well sold then . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 20 页名师精编优秀资料现在完成时Has / have + been + 动词过去分词A new road has bee
50、n built here . 时 态 谓语动词的形式例 子过去完成时Had + been +动词过去分词Much had been done before mother came back . 含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词 be动词过去分词The composition must be handed in today . 3 被动语态中值得注意的问题：1 带有双宾语的动词，可以把任何一个宾语变被动，一般在间接宾语前加适当的介词。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father ./ A book was given to