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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思中考英语语法定语从句练习定语从句一：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词二：关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物：which that 先行词是人：who that 在从句中的作用：主语、宾语、表语e.g. They had a radio. / It could send out messages. They had a radio which/ that could send out message. ( 主语 ) The girl is my best friend. / She spoke just now. The girl
2、 who/ that spoke just now is my best friend. （主语）He always buys some books. / He never read them. He always buys some books (which/ that) he never read. ( 宾语 ) 注意点：1.） 定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g. The man who lives next door sells vegetables. The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( ) The car which
3、my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( ) 2 ）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g. The young man ( who ) you saw was our manager. There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind. 3.) 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用 which 或 w
4、hom e.g. The man is a famous runner. / You talked to him just now. The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner. The chair is made of wood. / He is sitting on it now. The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood. He is a library assistant. / I borrowed some books from him. He is a li
5、brary assistant from whom I borrowed some books. It is a famous school. / He graduated from it 3 years ago. It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago. The service should be improved. / The students complain a lot about it. The service about which the students complain a lot should be
6、 improved. 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：e.g. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him. He is the student who the teachers are looking for. The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the children. The number of the children who she takes care of is 30. 三：whose 的用法：关系代
7、词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思e.g. The girl is my daughter. / Her work got the first prize. The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter. Do you know anyone? / His family is in Xi an.The book is not
8、mine. / The cover of it is red. I live in the room. / The windows of it face south. The chair has been repaired. / The leg of it was broken. 四：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。He is reading a book which is too difficult for him. Here is the boy who damaged the glass. 非限制性定语从句：主句
9、和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。e.g. The book is written by Guo Jinming, who is only 19 years old. Bob s father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt. Shanghai, which is developing fast, has become one of world s trade center.注意点：非限制性定语从句不能用that 引导 . e.g. She is very fond of Frenc
10、h, which indeed she speaks quite well. which 还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情. e.g. Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad. He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted. 介词 which: The picture _ he paid $100 was once owned by a king. Can you think of a situation _ this word ca
11、n be used? I m grateful to him for that advice, _ I owed all my success.关系副词：when where why 当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词which 来代替 : e.g. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day. I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university. He still remember the
12、 morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning. He still remember the morning when/ on which the earthquake happened. 当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词which 来代替 : e.g. This is the house. / He used to live in the house. This is the house where/ in which he used to live. I know of a plac
13、e. / We can swim in that place. I know of a place where/ in which we can swim. Is there any shop around? / I can buy a pen in the shop Is there any shop around where/ in which I can buy a pen. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用 why，在定语从句
14、中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用 for which 来代替 : e.g. I don t know the reason. / He did it for this reason. I don t know the reason why/ for which he did it.The reason was not clear. / He was fired for it. The reason why/ for which he was fired was not clear. 注意点：当表示时间、 地点和原因的名词在从句中不是作状语，而是在从句中作主语或宾语时，还是应用 which/ th
15、at e.g. This is the date _ we re proud of.This is the date _ he was born. I will never forget the time _ we spent together. This is the factory _ my mother works. This is the factory _ we visited last week. Is this factory you visit last week? A. the one B. where C. which D. that This factory is the
16、 one (that/ which) you visit last week. I don t believe the reason _ he gave for his decision.Another reason _ he made this decision is that he had to consider the feelings of others. 关系词的选择只用that a.当先行词是不定代词，如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等All that can be done
17、has been done. I didn t mean this one; I mean the one that was bought yesterday.b.先行词（指物的）前面有only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时There s no difficulty that we can t overcome.I ve read all the books that can be borrowed here.c.先行词被序数词first, last, next 等或形容词的最高级修饰时This is the first let
18、ter that I ve written in Japanese.She is the most careful girl that Ive ever known. d.当先行词既有人又有物时They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. The speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us. e.当先行词是系动词be 后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - -
19、- - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思China isn t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.He is no longer the man that he used to be. It s a book that will help you a great deal.f当主句是以who, which 或 what 开头的特殊疑问句时Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop? Which is the car that overtook us
20、yesterday? g. 当主句以There be结构开头时，或关系代词在there be结构中作实义主语，先行项为物There is a seat in the corner that is still free. There are two tickets of the film that are for you. The 9.15 is the fastest train that there has ever been. h. 当先行词是what 时What did you hear that made you so angry? i.当先行词是基数词时Yesterday I cau
21、ght two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. B. 只用 which a. 在非限制性定语从句，充当主语或定语They have three houses, which are built of stone. b. 当关系代词前有介词时This is the factory in which we once worked. We study in the classroom of which the doors face south. c当先行词本身tha
22、t 是时What s that which flashed in the sky just now?d. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. I ve bought you some books which I think may inte rest you. C.只用 who 不用 that a.先行词是 one, ones 或 anyone 时One who does not work hard will never
23、succeed. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA. b.先行词为those 或被 those修饰，指人时Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. c.在以 there be的句子中，先行词为人时There is a comrade outside who wants to see you. d. 当定语从句中
24、又有定语从句，且先行项都为人时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard. e.当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时There s only one student in the school who I want to see. Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is wo
25、rking in the fields? f. 在非限制性定语从句中指人I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America. g.定语从句中有插入语时, 并不影响关系代词和副词的选择。Jackson is a man who I believe is honest. He won another award, which I think is the result of his hard work. D.在定语从句中，whose 作定语，其先行项既可以是人，又可以是物Lei Feng was a great
26、communist fighter whose death was weightier than Mount Tai. Where s the window whose glass is broken? E. 在定语从句，关系副词when, where, why 与关系代词which, that 的关系July 1st, 1921 is the day that/which we Chinese should always remember. This is the place that/which they visited last year. Please give me a reason
27、 that/which could account for your absence. I still remember the day when(=on which) I joined the army. This is the room where(=in which) Luxun once lived. Another reason why(=for which) he works hard is that he has pass the exam. F. as, which 的比较a.在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语如从句在主句之后，两者
28、皆可用They failed in the exam, as/which is natural. She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is. Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before. b.如从句在主句之前，用as As we all know, his parents were killed in this war. As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun. c.如关系代词代表主句全句意思，
29、有正如 就象 之意时，用as We won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. d. 当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用as This is the same book as you bought yesterday.同类书(比较： This is the same book that you bought yesterday.同一本书 ) Don t believe in such men as praise you to your face.I nev
30、er give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out. e. 当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用，则用which The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgra 定语从句小结. as 也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，用来指待一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思句中和句尾。e.g. H
31、e is an American, as/which we know from his accent. As we know from his accent, he is an American. He, as we know from his accent, is an American. As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules. Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules. Grammar is not a set of dead rules, a
32、s/which has been said above. 正如 : As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc. 定语从句的练习：I passed him a glass of whiskey, _ he drank at once. He spoke to me in a way _ I don t at all like.It is a famous university
33、 _ he graduated 3 years ago. Are you the lady _ asked for help? The service _ students complain a lot should be improved. He works in a college _ students are all women. The picture _ he paid $100 was once owned by a king. Can you think of a situation _ this word can be used? We can see very clearly
34、 the method _ the computers work. _ he introduced just now, Dr. Baker is an expert in Biology. I m grateful to him for that advice, _ I owed all my success.This is the famous star _ photos are on this magazine. The science of medicine, _ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most impor
35、tant of all the science. 定语从句的用法(一) 定语从句的作用作用在句子中作定语,修饰句子中的某一名词或代词,从句须放在先行词之后。关联词关联词用于引导一个定语从句,代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。(二) 关系代词的作用1.作主语1. The student who is talking with the monitor is Lucy.（指人作主语）2. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.（指物作主语）2.作表语3.She is no longer the girl that she us
36、ed to be.（指人作表语）3.作宾语4The student whom (who)you want to see has come already. （指人作宾语）5.The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.（指物作宾语）4.作定语6.The girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard. （指人作定语）(三) 须用 that 引导的定语从句1.nothing,everything,anything,much, all,little等 不定代词作先行
37、词时，常用that 引导 从句.something 两者均可。Is there anything that I can do for you? 2.指物的先行词前被序数词修饰时。The first thing that we should do is to help him. 3.指物的先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思4.指物的先行词前被th
38、e very, the only, the same修饰时。Thats the very tool that we are looking for. 5.先行词既指人又指物时。They talked about the things and friends that they could remember. 6.主句是由Who/Which 引导的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is standing over there? Which is the tool that you are looking for? .不可由 that 引导的定语从句1.在非限制性定语从句中。M
39、r Smith ,who lives in Chicago, is a doctor . 2.关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时。This is the room in which Mr Liu once lived . 3.由 that 作先行词时。The bread which is made by my mother is better than that which is sold in food shops. 4.someone.somebody,nobody,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody 等指物的不定代词作先行词时。Anyone who bre
40、aks the law will be punished. （五） .非限制性定语从句的特点：1.不能用 that 引导定语从句。2.关系代词不能省略。（六）关系副词的用法：关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当状语。1 When 指代表示时间的先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当时间状语。例如：October 1，1949 was the day when（=on which ） the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 2 Where 指代先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当地点状语。例如：We will visit the ho
41、use where(=in which)Lu Xun was born. 3. why 代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当原因状语.例如 : Who can tell me the reason why(=for which) Tom was absent today? 配套定语从句专练：1.The man_talked to you just now is an engineer of the computer company. A.who B.which C.where D.when 2.I still remember the days_we studied together i
42、n the school. A.that B.which C.where D.when 3.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small village_he grew up. A.which B.where C.that D.when 4.Can you tell me the name of the factory_you visited last week? A.what B.where C./ D.when 5.Is this the house _Shakespare was born? A.at whi
43、ch B.which C. at where D. in which 6.In the dark street,there wasn t a single person_she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 7.All_is needed is a supply of oil. A .the thing B. that C. what D. which 8.Corn was not the only food_was taken to Europe. A. which B. who C. / D. that
44、 9.Look at the man and his horse_are walking up the street. A. which B. who C. what D. that 10.She is no longer the student _she used to be. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 11.I don t like_you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师
45、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 15 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思12.He paid the boy 10 yuan for washing ten wind ows,most of_hadn t been cleanedA .there B. those C. that D. which 13.Mr Green has two daughters,both of_are doctors. A. them B. whom C. who D. that 14.Whose is this book the cover_is blue? A. whose B. it
46、s C. which D. of which 15.I like to live in the house _windows face south A. which B. of which C. whose D. where 16.His parents would t let him marry anyone_family was poor.A/ of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 17.In Sydeny, the Chinese team got 28gold medal,_were won by women. A.18 of which B.18
47、of that C.which of 18 D.18 in which 18.Abraham Lincoln, _ was born in Kenturkey ,studied law in his spare time and later became President of the USA. A.what B.who C.whom D.which 19.Those _ have any questions please put up your hands. A.which B.that C.whom D.who 20 Anyone_ breaks the law will be puni
48、shed. A. whoever B.whom C. who D.no matter who Keys:1-5:ADBCD 6-10:DBDDD 11-15:ADBDC 16-20:DABDC 浅析 which 与 as 引导定语从句的区别发表时间： 2009-9-2 10:36:07访问次数： 863众所周知， which 与 as 都可以引导定语从句，但它们有许多用法上的区别，现就此简要分析如下：一、 which 与 as 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1Which 只能放在主句后面，而as 引导的从句位置相对较灵活，可在前，可在中，也可在后。例如：A) As he realized, I
49、was very useful to him.(在前 ) B) Air, as we know, is a gas.（在中）C) He was a foreigner,as I know from his accent.(在后 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 15 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2. 在 which 引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am, is, are则这些系动词不能省略；而as 后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。例如A) He is a teacher, as (is) clear from
50、his manner.(is可以省略 ) B) He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was不可省略 ) 3. 当 which 引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that代替，意思是“这件事”例如：A) He changed his mind, which(and this, and that)made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。B) She has married again, which(=and this, and that)was unexpect