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1、学习必备欢迎下载新大学英语四级考试听力部分讲义一.大学英语教学大纲对四级水平听力部分的要求能听懂英语讲课，并能听懂题材熟悉、句子结构比较简单、基本上无生词、语速为每分钟130150 个单词的简短会话、谈话、报道或讲座，掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度。听力试题一遍可以听懂，理解的准确率应不低于70。为了达到以上要求，学生必须掌握一定听力技能（Listening Skills ） 大纲要求学生在学完四级时，掌握以下听力技能：（1）辨别语流中的音素（2）辨别重音类型（3）理解句子的声调，理解表达不确定、疑问句、陈述句的升调以及反意疑问句的语调（4）理解句子和话语的交际价值
2、（5）通过声音的高低、快慢，辨认语篇中的要点和主要信息（6）作准确的判断（7）做笔记二. 大学英语四级考试听力部分基本题型1 对话第一部分通常是10 个对话 ,每个对话设一个小题,要求同学们根据对话内容从四个选项中选择正确答案。 A：8 组短对话，每组包括一个话轮，一组一个问题，共8 个问题 B：2 组长对话，每组长对话包括610 个话轮，对话后有34 个问题，两组共7 个问题。对话部分是日常生活中的一般对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习等话题，可分为校园、公共场所、家庭等方面。2 短文一般是三篇120-140 字之间的短文,每篇短文后有三到四个问题,共 10 道小题。该部分主要测试同学们的整
3、体理解能力。短篇听力材料是题材熟悉、情节不太复杂的故事、讲话、叙述、对话等，如动物介绍、地区及大学情况介绍等。短文主要考查考生对文章大意、中心思想、重要细节的理解与领会，以及根据所获取的相关信息，对文中的某些细节做出联想、判断，也有就短文中的某一事实和人物进行提问的题目。3 复合式听写精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 44 页学习必备欢迎下载复合式听写由两部分组成。一是单词听写,要求同学们毫无差错地填出短文所缺单词。另一种是补全信息。一般是,每段的第一句主题句已经给出,要求填出具体细节内容说明主题,可以使用听到的原话 ,也
4、可以使用自己的语言。复合式听写是最近几年考试改革的一个重要内容，其目的是为了能够客观地检测学生的听力水平。它包括对理解能力 （即 “ 听” ） 和一定的书面表达能力（即 “ 写” ）这两方面的测试。三大学英语四级考试命题规律与考察重点1对话部分这一部分考察的重点有：1）地点根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是四级英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。地点题一般有以下几种：(1)根据信息词设题W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you? M : So do I. Let me call room service. Hello,
5、room service. Please send a menu to 320 right away. Q: Where are the two speakers? A. In a hotel. B. At a dinner table. C. In the street. D. At the mans house. 该题通过hungry 和 menu 来迷惑同学们,引导大家选择B,其实 ,本题所借助的信息词是room service 和 320 这个房间号 ,答案是 A。M : Can you stay for dinner? W: Id love to. But I have to go
6、and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school. Q: Where will the woman go first? A. To the school. B. To a friends house. C. To the post office. D. Home 本题借助registered mail 设题 ,答案是 C。但这里同样也有地点的辨析问题,要求同学们能听出是“ 首先到的地方” 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 44
7、 页学习必备欢迎下载M : Excuse me, Im looking for the emergency room. I thought that it was on the first floor. W: This is the basement. Take the elevator one flight up and turn left. Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place? A. In a library B. In a hotel. C. In a hospital. D. In an elevator 本题设
8、题所依据的信息词是emergency room,只要考生了解其语域就可判断答案为C。(2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题有时对话中提到的地点不只一个,这时 ,一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。这种情况下,同学们不必考虑信息词问题,只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。如：M : I did not see our boss yesterday. Has he come back? W: He was just back from France besides visiting Britain, Germany, and Spain. Q: Which country did the w
9、oman visit first? A. France B. Britain C. Germany D. Spain 四个地点都是访问过的地点,要求同学们能够分清先后。答案为B。M : Will Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend? W: Hell be supposed to, but he wont be back from his trip until the next week. Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday? A. At the party B. At home C. Still on
10、his trip D. Back from his trip. 本题是将地点与时间连在一起,要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间,答案为 C。2 ）职业、身份根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是四级听力测试中又一常见题型。该题型的题项设计有两种：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 44 页学习必备欢迎下载(1) 说话者自身的身份或职业根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：W: Good evening, Professor David. My name is Susan Gray. Im with the lo
11、cal newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? M : Not at all. Go ahead, please. Q: What is Susan Gray? A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student. 由 local newspaper 可以判断说话者是位记者,在采访。M : How about the food I ordered? Ive been waiting for 20 minutes already. W: Im very sorry, sir
12、. Ill be back with your order in a minute. Q: Who is the man most probably speaking to? A. A shop assistant. B. A telephone operator. C. A waitress. D. A clerk. 与 order 有关的自然是waitress,答案为 A。(2)说话双方之间的关系该题型是上一题型的延伸,要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份,问题经常是Whats the relationship between the two speakers? W: How long wil
13、l it take you to fix my watch? M : Ill call you when its ready. But it shouldnt take longer than a week. Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller. C. Boss and secretary. D. Customer and repairman. 既然女士让男的fix my watch, 说明对方是repairman,
14、而自己是customer。M : Sorry to trouble you. But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket? I feel cold. W: I think weve got one. Could you wait until after take-off please? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 44 页学习必备欢迎下载Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
15、? A. A guest and a receptionist. B. A passenger and an air hostess. C. A customer and a shop assistant. D. A guest and a waitress. take-off 一词的使用说明女的是空姐,答案自然是B。可以看出 ,职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样是信息词。当然 ,要判断双方的关系,还可以从说话的方式入手。如：M : Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown. W: Certainly sir.
16、 As soon as I make the final corrections on the original. Q: Whats the relationship between the two speakers? A. Boss and secretary. B. Lawyer and client. C. Teacher and student. D. Nurse and patient. 两人间说话的语气和方式表明是老板与秘书 的关系。（3）计算题计算题在四级英语听力中属于比较难的题型,要求同学们不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念 ,还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算。如：
17、M : Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano. Does he attend any piano classes? W: Yes, he takes lessons twice a week, but from next week on, he will go to the class on Saturday evenings, too. Q: How often will the womans son have piano lessons from next week on? A. Once a week
18、. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week. D. Four times a week. 两次加一次自然是三次,答案是 C。W: Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons. M : Really? I thought it only included the first 12 lessons. Then I must spend the weekend going over the rest of the lessons. Q: How many
19、 lessons must the man review over the weekend? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 44 页学习必备欢迎下载A. Five lessons. B. Three lessons. C. Twelve lessons D. Fifteen lessons. 这是最简单的计算题,只要同学们不将答案误认为是C 或 D,就不会出错。W: Heres a 10-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show please. M : Sur
20、e. Two tickets and here is 1,40 change. Q: How much does one ticket cost? A. 1.40. B. 4.30. C. 6.40. D. 8.60 10 美元 ,两张票 ,找零 1.40 美元 ,说明每张票为4.30 美元。从以上例子可以看出,含有数量概念的题,对话中提到的数量一般不可能为正确答案,总要同学们进行一些简单的加减运算。（4）言外之意、弦外之音推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型。从试题的设计特点来看,大体有一下几种：(1)对虚拟语气的考查包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有是与非 相对的选项 ,这就要求同学们了解虚
21、拟语气的表意功能 ,根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。W: Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think its worth seeing? M : Well, I wish I had been there. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before. C. The man doesnt like Austin. D. The
22、man has been to Austin before. I wish I had been there. 说明说话人没有去过。W: If it hadnt been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 oclock. M : Its too bad you didnt make it. Jane was here and she wanted to see you. Q: What happened to the woman? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 4
23、4 页学习必备欢迎下载A. She got home before 9 oclock. B. She had a bad cold. C. She had a car accident. D. She was delayed. If it hadnt been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 oclock.说明因为雪太大,说话者未能在 9 点前到家。也就是说she was delayed。(2)对建议的考查建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式,根据建议选择正确选项。如：W: The movie starts in 5 minutes
24、and theres bound to be a long time. M : Why dont we come back for the next show? Im sure it would be less crowded. Q: What is the man suggesting? A. Coming back for a later show. B. Waiting in a queue. C. Coming back in five minutes. D. Not going to the movie today. Why dont ? 上一种建议表达方式,根据该句所表达的内容可以
25、判断答案是A。W: We do need another bookshelf in this room. But the problem is the space for it. M : How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen？Q: What does the man suggest they should do? A. Finding a larger room. B. Sell the old table. C. Buy two bookshelves. D. Rearrange some furniture. 根据 mov
26、ing the dining table to the kitchen来判断答案为D。建议的表达方式还有：Why not? What do you think of?精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 44 页学习必备欢迎下载If I were you/If I were in your shoes, I wouldShall we ? I suggest.Youd better/You ought to.(3) 对话题的考查话题指会话双方所谈论的话题,要求同学们具有概括能力。如：W: Do you want a day c
27、ourse or an evening course? M : Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day. Q: What are they talking about? A. The choice of courses. B. A day course. C. An evening course. D. Their work. 两个人谈论的是选白天的课还是晚上的课,由此可以判断答案应该是A。M : I was terribly embarrassed when some of the aud
28、ience got up and left in the middle of the performance. W: Well, some people just cant seem to appreciate the real-life drama. Q: What are they talking about? A. A movie. B. A lecture. C. A play. D. A speech. 从对话中的audience, performance 与其说 drama 可以判断他们所谈论的是a play。（4) 同义表达方式的考查四级听力测试中对隐含意思的考查很大程度上依赖于
29、同义表达方式，也就是同学们对具体句式、短语、词组甚至单词的理解。如：M : What do you think of Professor Browns lecture? W: The topic was interesting, but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 44 页学习必备欢迎下载Q: What does the woman say about the lecture? A.
30、It was a long lecture, but easy to understand. B. It was not as easy as she had expected. C. It was as difficult as she had expected. D. It was interesting and easy to follow. 与 much more difficult to follow than I had expected同义的应该是B。M : Nancy, why were you late today? W: I overslept and missed the
31、 bus. Q: Why was Nancy late? A. She got up later than usual. B. The bus was late. C. She forgot she had class. D. Her clock was slow. overslept 也就是 got up later than usual。M : Did you mind coming back by coach instead of by train? W: No, we didnt mind at all. It took a lot longer, but it was very co
32、mfortable and it was much cheaper. Q: How did the woman feel about the coming back by coach? A. She felt it was tiring. B. She felt it was very nice. C. She felt it took less time. D. She thought it was expensive. 从 comfortable 和 much cheaper来看，女士的感觉应该是very nice，答案应该是B。(5)上下文含义概念的考查有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类，
33、但其实考查的是同学们对上下含义关系的掌握。如：M : Let me see. Ive printed my family name, first name, date of birth and address. Anything else? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 44 页学习必备欢迎下载W: No, thats all right. Well fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom. Q: What has the man
34、been doing? A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form. C. Talking with a friend. D. Asking for information. 上义词为概括性词语，下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项B。M : What happened to you? You are so late. W: The bus I took broke down in front of the hospital and I had to walk from there. Q: Why was the
35、woman so late? A. Something went wrong with the bus. B. She took somebody to hospital. C. Something prevented her from catching the bus. D. She came on foot instead of taking a bus. Something went wrong 是对 the bus break down 的概括性表述。这一部分的短对话，通常都是一男一女的对话。在做这一类型的题目时，一定要抓住关键词和场景这两个重要因素。通过捕捉题目中的关键词来判断场景。
36、四级听力常考的十大场景有：学习场景，天气场景，医院场景，打工场景，租房场景，娱乐场景，餐馆场景，选题场景，论文场景，图书馆场景。英语是一种模式化的语言，在固定的场景中一一一一应用的表达法和词汇也相对固定，平时注意多积累场景高频词汇和惯用表达法，在听力短对话部分可以做到未听先知。长对话是四级题目中最新的面孔,之前从未出现过。 前四题是一个稍长的长对话,后三题基于一个稍短的长对话。根据最新样题的例证,长一些的长对话设计为17 句,即八个短对话的长度,短一些的长对话为12 句 ,既六个短对话的长度。其实,可以把它认为是短对话和听力短文的结合。因为长对话在四级的表现就是听力短文式的问题设置用短对话的形
37、式进行表现。听长对话的时候,首先 ,位置感很重要。一般而言,对话时 ,开头的客套以及问候与结尾的道别结束语很少出题,而对话中段往往才是重点。 第二、边听边看 ,尽量在听的时候确定哪个选项能够最大程度的吻合,这是做短文听力的宗旨 ,同样适用于长对话。第三、长对话的源头应该是托福听力,所以 ,我们可以大胆预测诸如校园、找工作、租房、图书馆等等高频场景将和考生见面。长对话是小对话和短文的结合，如果说一人一句的短对话是点，那么长对话涉及的就是一个面。短对话的答案一般是“显而易见”的，而长对话有时更依赖于推断和判断。尽管如此，长对话必然有一个中心议题，中心议题正是该“面”的凝聚点，对话双方都是围绕该中心
38、而展开话题，对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是把握住对话的中心思想。短对话是把长对话中的某个具体问答提炼了出来，而长对话就是把这些问答融入到一段两个人聊天或者交谈当中，其中有寒暄，有过渡，也有问答。而每每遇到问答的时候都是考官青睐的考点，而且考试的重点往往落在答语上。这一点和短对话中体现的原则不谋而合。长对话的出题方式和短文的考察方法很类似，特别是与人物生平发展或者故事类的题目很相似，即每一方面的内容只考察一道题目，而且通常精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 44 页学习必备欢迎下载情况下，出题的顺序和文章的顺序是一致
39、的。由于对话较多，长对话的场景就显得格外重要，准确判断对话的场景，对把握对话的中心思想是非常有帮助的。经常出现的场景有：学习相关类学习相关类往往是长对话的重点。内容粗略可分为教务场景，选课场景， 补课场景和论文场景等。1） 教务场景场景人物：由教师（导师）或学监等教务人员向学生说明一些学校课程的安排情况。场景涉及内容：学期计划，调课信息，考试安排，课程介绍等。解题思路：教务人员总是细致地描述各项事务的细节问题，时间，地点，计划推迟或变更的原因往往是考查的重点。经常出现的问题和答案Q: Who is the speaker? A: teacher, professor, instructor,
40、advisor Q: When does the talk take place? A: at the beginning(in the middle, at the end of the semester) Q: Where does the talk take place? A: classroom, lecture hall Q: What is the topic? A: changes in the schedule 常用的词汇和词组：midterm, finals, count for 50% of your score, class discussion, seminar, wo
41、rkshop( 讲习班 ), take attendance(点名 ), elementary, intermediate, advanced 等。2） 选课场景场景人物：师生之间或学生之间谈论选课的话题场景涉及的内容：学生是否有资格选某一门课，对于老师的谈论，课程的难易程度，选某一门课的好处和坏处。解题思路：学生觉得课程太难，负荷太重。常用的词汇和词组：required, compulsory, elective, selective, optional, course, description, catalog, bulletin, prerequisite course( 预修课程 ),
42、 preliminary course( 预备课程 ), such a heavy load, excellent reputation, drop a course(退修课程 )等。3） 补课场景场景人物：同学之间补课。场景涉及的内容：通常是某学生因为某些原因迟到或旷课了，事后找另一个同学补课，所以必会牵扯到专业内容。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 44 页学习必备欢迎下载解题思路：迟到或旷课的学生大多是男生，帮他补课的一般是女生。男生在补课过程中常会问一些愚蠢问题，而女生将一一给与澄清。结尾处，男生会感叹不上这堂课
43、很遗憾。经常出现的问题和答案：Q: Why was the man late for class? A: He overslept(was sick, had some trouble with his car, had to go to see the doctor, dentist, had an emergency) Q: What confused the man? A: 专业课的内容。Q: What does the man promise to do at last? A: He will not be late again(oversleep again) 常用的词汇和词组： f
44、ill sb. in ( 暂代某人 ), You ve really lost me there(你真的让我糊涂了), make sense, miss a pretty important class, clarify the misunderstanding, check the notes等。4） 论文场景场景人物：教授与学生，或者学生之间进行讨论。场景涉及的内容：讨论论文写作的相关事宜，比如：论文题目，查找资料等等。解题思路：论文的题目难以确定，资料太难找（题目太偏，查不到资料；题目太大，要查的资料太多，太杂） 。常用的词汇和词组：explore the topic, publishe
45、d resources, bibliography/reference, intellectual dishonesty, plagiarism(剽窃 ), get an early start, gather materials 等。生活相关类包括体育场景，娱乐场景，租房场景等。1） 体育场景场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员一起出去郊游。场景涉及的内容：往往是一些热门的运动，如cycling, rock climbing, skiing. 解题思路：目的不在于比赛，而是好玩，健身，交友。一些运动，如cycling ，往往是以team, club或 association 的形式存在的。常用的词
46、汇和词组：ski, boots, pole, outdoors, get in great shape, ensure the safety, first aid( 急救 ), check the trails, physical education, belts, patience, mental discipline, expert riders, starting line, relay station 等。2） 娱乐场景场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员。场景涉及的内容：包括郊游，参加运动，听音乐会，谈论玩的计划等。解题思路： 一般说到娱乐，常见的项目有go on a picnic, hi
47、king trip, camping trip, go to a concert, see a movie, play the ball, ski, traveling等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 44 页学习必备欢迎下载常见的词汇和词组：enjoy, good day, take a break, relax, reserve a court(预定一个球场), a night-out, take your mind off your test, fair weather等。3） 租房场景场景人物：房东，住户场景
48、涉及的内容：和房东的相处甚至讨价还价。对房子的评价，包括价格，地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的过程。解题思路：学生一般倾向于找价格低的房子，所以房子的条件一般比较差，经常会出一些毛病；由于房子紧张，找房子，租房子的过程往往很不容易。常用的词汇和词组：roommate, dormitory, deposit, live on, off campus, utilities, heating costs, temporary accommodation, landlord, apartment, sublet, dishwasher, messy, a leaky faucet( 漏水的水龙头), t
49、enant, afford 等。工作相关类1） 应聘（面试）场景常景人物：聘方人员和应聘者。场景涉及的内容：对于某种工作的态度和评价，应聘该工作的条件，如何办理相关手续，工资待遇和工作环境，工作时间等。解题思路：应聘者介绍自己的情况，如：教育背景，特长等，聘方人员一般要介绍工作的性质，工资待遇以及上下班时间。常用的词汇和词组：teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant, administrative assistant, waiter, waitress, nanny/babysitter, dishwashing, formal
50、ities, application procedure, reference, salary, wage, demand physical endurance, precareer training( 岗前培训 ), permanent employment, stipend, bonus, part-time job 等。概括地说，要听好长对话，必须做到以下五点：（1）通过预读选项信息，能迅速把握它们的内在联系，从而预测所听对话材料的基本内容，并且从各个问题间的内在联系提炼出对话的中心思想，更好地理解个检测点的细节。下面两点值得特别关注： a.注意重复的词语，这些词通常会给你一些线索，还会