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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2015 中考英语语法总复习讲义专题九：情态动词一、情态动词的类型和特征(一) 情态动词的类型1. 只作情态动词的有： must; can (could); may (might) ；2. 可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need；3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will (would); shall (should)；4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have to; ought to (二)情态动词的特征： 1.有一定的词义 ,但不能单独作谓语 ,必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。2. 无人称和数的变化(have to 例外,用于第三人称单数时用h
2、as to)。We must stay here. /He must stay here. 他必须呆在这儿。We have to walk home. /He has to walk home. 他不得不步行回家。3. 后接动词原形 : She may lose her way. 她可能迷路了。4. 具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。 Can you sing an English song? 你会唱英语歌吗？ Yes, I can. 是的，我会。二、情态动词的用法(一) can, could的用法1. 表示能力，译为：能，会。如: Can you play baske
3、tball? 你会打篮球吗？2. 表怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:He can t be in the room.他不可能在房间里。3. 表请求或允许，多用于口语中,意为“ 可以”,相当于 may。 如:You can (may) go now. 你现在可以走了。4. could 是 can的过去式 ,可以表示过去的能力 .如: I could swim when I was seven years old. 5. 以 can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和 cant。(二) may 的用法1.表推测 ,意为 “ 可能 ;也许 ”,用于肯定句中 .如: He ma
4、y come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。2. 表请求、许可，意为 “ 可以” 如: May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书吗？may 表请求，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustnt，不用 may not， 意为“ 不可以，不许，禁止” 。 如: May I go now? No, you mustn t. 不可以。 /Yes, you may(can). 是，可以。3. (1) 表祝愿。如: May you succeed. 祝你成功。(2) can和 may 均可用来表示征求意见或允许，意为“ 可以” ，一般可互换使用。(三) must
5、的用法 :1. 表示“ 必须、应该 ” 。2. 表示推测，意为 “ 一定” ，一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句一般应用can，否定句中也用 may，但 may not 表示“ 可能不” ，而 cant 表示“ 不可能 ” 。 Theres someone knocking on the door. 有人敲门。 It must be Jim. 肯定是吉姆。3. 在否定句中， mustnt表示禁止，意为 “ 不允许 ” 。以 must 开头的疑问句，肯定回答应用 must， 而否定回答则常用neednt， 意为“ 不需要、不必” ， 相当于 dont have to, 而不能用 mustnt。 。
6、 Must I finish the work today? 我今天必须完成这项工作吗？ No, you neednt/You don t have to. 不，你不必 / Yes, you must. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思(四) 对 need 词性的判断 : need 后加 to do 说明 need 为实义动词，用助动词提问或否定； need 后加 doing 表被动；若 need 后加动词原形 , 则 need 为情态动词，用 need 提问或否定，肯定回答用
7、 must， 否定回答用 neednt。如:You needn t come to school so early. 你不必这么早来学校。(五) had better 的用法 : had better+动词原形，表示最好做某事，否定式用had better not do sth.。Youd better stay at home. 你最好呆在家里 /Youd better not watch TV every day.你最好不要每天看电视。(六) shall (should), will (would)的用法1. Shall用于第一人称，表示征求意见、询问。如:Shall I open the
8、 window? 我打开窗户好吗？Shall we have lunch here? 我们在这儿吃饭好吗？2. Should常用来表示义务、责任。如: We should obey traffic laws. 我们应该遵守交通规则。3. will 用于第二人称表示询问 ,请求,也可以表达现在的 “ 意愿”如:Will you pass me the book? 你能把这本书递给我吗？ / We will do anything for you. 4. would 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。Would you tell me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站
9、的路吗? 三、易混点清单（为不常考知识点）（一）can和 be able to : can 和 be able to 表示能力时用法相同， can只用于现在时和过去式 (could)，但 be able to 表示经过努力后 , 能够做到有现在时 ,过去时和将来时。如:We will be able to come back next week. 我们下周能回来。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. （表示经过努力后 , 能够做到）Jim couldnt speak Ch
10、inese last year, but now he can. 吉姆去年不会说汉语， 但现在他会了。（二） can 和 may 表可能性的区别1.在肯定句中 ,用 may 表可能 You had better ask the policeman. He may know.你最好问警察 ,他可能知道。2. 在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“ 不可能 ” 时用 can not； 若语气不肯定， 表示“ 可能不” 时用 may not。Mr Li cant be in the room. He has gone to Beijing for a visit.李老师不可能在，他去北京度假了。（三） co
11、uld, should, would, might 表示委婉语气could, should, would, might 等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉客气的语气。Would you tell me the way to the park? 你能告诉我去公园的路吗？（四） must 和 have (has) to： must 和 have (has) to 意思均为 “ 必须” ，常可以互换使用。但 have (has) to用于强调客观需要，意为 “ 必须，不得不 ” ；must 用于表示主观看法，意为 “ 必须，应该 ” 。We ll have to ask Zhang Hong i
12、nstead. /We must work hard at school.（五） maybe和 may be 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思may 为情态动词，后加动词原形be，用在句中 ;maybe 为副词 , “大概，也许 ”,相当于 perhaps,用于句首。（六） cant和 mustnt: 表否定推测时应用cant, mustnt表达“ 禁止、不允许 ” 的含义，不是用来表推测的，在肯定句中must 表推测，译为 “ 一定” 。（七） （补充） should hav
13、e done 本应该做的事情但未做含有责备之意如：I told Lily how to get here, but perhaps I should have written it out. neednt have done 本没必要做但却做了sth 一、单选题（共35小题）1Must I stay at home, Mum? No, you _.Aneednt BmustntCdont Dmay not2Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? No, it _ be him. Mr Li has gone to America.Amustnt Bmay
14、 notC cantDneednt3To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river.Aneednt be thrown B mustnt be thrownCcant throw Dmustn t throw4You_ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.Aneedn t to comeBdon t need comeCdon t need coming Dneedn t come5You d better _late agai
15、n.AdontBnot beCnot being Dwon t be6You _ smoke in the hospital.Aneedn tBoughtn t toCought to not Dmay not7Another cup of coffee? No, thanks. I _ be off. Mary is waiting for me.AcanBmay Cmust Dmight8 I m a little tired. Let s go to the zoo by taxi.We take a taxi. It s not far from here.AcantBmustn tC
16、couldn tDneedn t9Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive. I never even dream about it.Amust BmightCcantD shouldn t10Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall? No, it be him. He has gone to Japan.Aneedn tBmay notCmustn tDcant11Can you play the piano?
17、 Yes, I _. I often practice it on weekends.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Aneedn tBneedCcantDcan12.May I watch TV for a while？No, you _. You have to finish your homework first.Ashouldn tBneedn tCmustn tDwont13_ you swim? Yes, but I m not a good swimmer.ACa
18、n BMay C NeedDMust14Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting? I m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He know.AcanBmay Cneed D shall15We hope that as many people as possible _ join us for the charity show tomorrow.AneedBcanCmust Dshould16 Let s go to the concert tonight, Michael! Sorry
19、, I _. I have to help my mother with the houseworkAmustn tBmay notC needn tDcant17If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. It s very dangerous.AdontBmustn tCneedn tDwouldn t18I have spent too much time playing computer games these days. I think so. You _ stop, for your study and your healt
20、h.Awill Bmust CcanDmay19We _ fight against pollution.Amay BshouldCmustn tDneedn t20 I can t give up smoking, doctor. For your health, I m afraid you _.Amay BcanChave to Dmust21He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.Acould express Bwould expressCcould have expressedDmust
21、 have expressed22Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.Ashould have arrived B should arrive C should have had arrived Dshould be arriving23She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. It s not difficult after all.Ashould B could Cmust Dmight24Catherine, I have cl
22、eaned the room for you. Thanks. You_it. I could manage it myself.Aneednt do Bneednt have doneCmustnt do Dshouldnt have done25 It s the office! So you_know eating is not allowed h ere. Oh, sorry.Amust Bwill Cmay Dneed26Some people who don t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _ just be qu
23、iet 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思people.Amust Bmay Cshould Dwould27一What does the sign over there read? 一 No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette ，cigar or pipe in this areaAwill Bmay Cshall Dmust28Although the climate in our city is good，yet the
24、temperature_fall to 14 centigrade below freezing point in winter.Ashould Bshall Ccan Dmay29Can I know your plans for this summer holiday? Mm.of course ！But Im just thinking about this.I_be a volunteer social worker.Amight Bshould Cmust Dneed30Mum, would you please buy me a MP5 player? If you can hel
25、p do the dishes the whole vacation ，you have one as a rewardAmust BneedCwould Dshall31When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we _ often go to the cinema together.Awould Bwill Cshall Dcould32You get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.Amust Bwill Cshall Ds
26、hould33The young man has made so much noise that he_not have been allowed to attend the concert.Acould Bmust Cshould Dneed34I wonder if I _ smoke here. No，you _.You see,there is a “ NO SMOKING ” sign here.Amay；neednt Bmust；cantCshall；wont Dcan；mustnt、35The children_ play football on the road.Acant B canCmustnt Dmust精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页