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1、 1. Festival are meant to celebrate important times of year. mean 的用法的用法1). mean doing sth. mean doing sth. 的意思是的意思是“意味着意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）（必须要做某事或导致种结果）”, 其主语通常是指事物的词。其主语通常是指事物的词。 2). mean to do sth. mean to do sth. 的意思是的意思是“打算或企打算或企图做某事图做某事”，其主语通常是表示人的名，其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其过去完成式表示词或代词，其过去完成式表示“本来打本来打算做
2、某事算做某事”。 3). mean sb. to do sth. mean sb. to do sth. 的意思是的意思是“打算打算让某人做某事让某人做某事”，也可以用于被动结构。，也可以用于被动结构。 4). mean 后接名词、副词或从句后接名词、副词或从句 mean 后接名词或副词，意为后接名词或副词，意为“表表示；打算；存心示；打算；存心”等意思；后接等意思；后接that 从句，意为从句，意为“表示表示”。 5). be meant for 该短语的意思是该短语的意思是“打算给予；打算打算给予；打算作作用用”。 In some parts of London, missing a bu
3、s means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting句意为：在伦敦的一些地方，错过一班句意为：在伦敦的一些地方，错过一班公共汽车意味着再等一个小时。公共汽车意味着再等一个小时。A想一想想一想2. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time. 讨论它们（中国节日）什么时间进行，讨论它们（中国节日）什么时间进行，庆祝的是什么事件，和人们在那天所做庆祝的是什么事件，和人们在那天所做的事。
4、的事。take place 发生；举行发生；举行 The performance didnt take place after all. 演出终于没有进行。演出终于没有进行。 Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place? 事故发生时，有人路过那里吗？事故发生时，有人路过那里吗？与与place相关短语：相关短语： in the first place （用于列举理由）首先，第一点（用于列举理由）首先，第一点 in the last place 最后最后 in ones place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想处于某人
5、的位置，为某人设身处地想一想 in place 放在原来的位置，就位放在原来的位置，就位 in place of 代替，用代替，用而不用而不用 take ones place 找某人接替某人的位置找某人接替某人的位置 Great changes _ in the rural areas in the last two decades. A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. are happeningA take place不能用于被动语态中，句中短不能用于被动语态中，句中短语语 in the last two
6、 decades 可确定句子的可确定句子的时态为现在完成时。时态为现在完成时。大家注意了！3. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere.of all kinds 各种各样的各种各样的【归纳归纳】all kinds of 各种各样的各种各样的the same kind of 相同种类的相同种类的different kinds of 不同种类的不同种类的this/that kind of 这（那）种这（那）种a kind of 某种某种 That kind of question is very diffi
7、cult to answer. = Questions of that kind are difficult to answer. 那类问题是很难解答的。那类问题是很难解答的。 We sell all kinds of shoes. = We sell shoes of all kinds. 我们卖各式各样的鞋。我们卖各式各样的鞋。 You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo. = You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo.你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动物。你在动物园可以看见不同种
8、类的动物。Practice Books of this kind _ (sell) well in the bookstore. This kind of books _ (sell) well in the bookstore. 句中谓语动词的单复数由句中谓语动词的单复数由“books”确定。句中的谓语动词由确定。句中的谓语动词由“kind”确定。确定。（用动词的适当形式填空）（用动词的适当形式填空） sellsells 4. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during t
9、he clod winter months. 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。starve (v.)1) to cause a person or an animal to suffer severely or die from hunger 挨饿；饿死挨饿；饿死 Millions of people starved to death during the war.战争中数百万人挨饿至死。战争中数百万人挨饿至死。2) starve for sth; starve sb of sth: (cause
10、sb to) suffer or long for sth greatly needed or wanted (使某人使某人) 得不到某事得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物；缺乏物而受苦或渴望获得某事物；缺乏 The homeless children were starved for love.这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。3) to feel very hungry 感觉很饿。仅用于感觉很饿。仅用于进行时态进行时态 When will dinner be ready? Im starving.晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。star
11、vation (n.):(U) suffering or death caused by lack of food 挨饿；饿死挨饿；饿死 die of starvation 饿死饿死 starvation wages 不够维持基本生活的不够维持基本生活的工资工资5. or to satisfy the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. 或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也可能带来危害。也可能带来危害。 harm (n.):
12、damage, injury 损害损害; 伤害伤害 do harm to sb (习俗习俗) = harm sb 伤害某人伤害某人come to harm: be injured physically, mentally or morally 身体上身体上精神上或道义上受到损害，通精神上或道义上受到损害，通常用于否定式常用于否定式Ill go with her to make sure she comes to no harm. 我要和她一同去以免她受到伤害。我要和她一同去以免她受到伤害。do more harm than good: have an effect which is more
13、damaging than helpful 弊大于利弊大于利If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good. 如果我们以这种方式处理问题，那可能如果我们以这种方式处理问题，那可能是弊大于利。是弊大于利。 harm (v.): cause harm to (sb / sth) 损损害或伤害某人害或伤害某人/某事物某事物 This event didnt harm his reputation. 这个事件没有损害他的名誉。这个事件没有损害他的名誉。6. For the Japanese festival Obon
14、, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 考点考点1 情态动词情态动词should在句中表示在句中表示“应该应该”。考例考例1 Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (2007全国卷全国卷I)A. will B. would C. should D. must 点拨点拨 should在句中表示一种有较大可在句中表示一种有
15、较大可能实现的猜测能实现的猜测, 推论推论, 意为意为“应该应该”。考例考例2 My cats really fat.You _ have given her so much food.(浙江浙江 2007)A. wouldnt B. couldntC. shouldnt D. mustnt 点拨点拨 shouldnt have given表示本不该表示本不该给而实际上却给了。给而实际上却给了。考例考例3 I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _ have driven her there. (陕西陕西 2007)A
16、. could B. must C. might D. should 点拨点拨 根据语境知道应该用根据语境知道应该用should have driven, 表示本来应该开车把她送过去而表示本来应该开车把她送过去而实际上却没有送。实际上却没有送。考例考例4 I think Ill give Bob a ring.You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. (江苏江苏 2006)A. will B. may C. have to D. should 点拨点拨 句意句意: 你都好长时间没同他联系你都好长时间没同他联系了了, 应该给他打个电话应
17、该给他打个电话, 表示劝告或建议。表示劝告或建议。 考点考点2 in memory of/ to the memory of sb. 纪念某人纪念某人 The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那位有名的科这个雕像是为了纪念那位有名的科学家而建立的。学家而建立的。7. Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认万圣节也源自人们古老的信念
18、，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。 origin (n.) : the place or situation in which something begins to exist 起源；由来，可起源；由来，可用做可数名词或不可数名词，通常用作用做可数名词或不可数名词，通常用作复数形式复数形式The tradition has its origins in the Middle Ages. 这个传统发源于中世纪。这个传统发源于中世纪。He told me it was a word of unknown origin. 他告诉我这是个词源不详的词。他告诉我这是个词源不详的词。b
19、elief (n.): an idea that you believe to be true, especially one that forms part of a system of ideas 信任；信心；信仰。信任；信心；信仰。注意：注意： belief 通常用作不可数名词，当作可数名通常用作不可数名词，当作可数名词时，词义略不同于用作不可数名词时词时，词义略不同于用作不可数名词时 religious beliefs 宗教信仰宗教信仰 Several members hold very strong political beliefs. 有些成员有着强烈的政治理念。有些成员有着强烈的
20、政治理念。8. It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节目，这天他万圣节如今成了孩子们的节目，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。 dress up dress作及物动词时作及物动词时, 不接不接clothes之类的之类的表示衣服的名词表示衣服的名词, 而是接表示人的句词而是接表示人的句词或代词或代词, 意思是意思是“给给穿衣服穿衣服”。当表。当表示自己穿衣服时示自己穿
21、衣服时, 则用反身代词则用反身代词, 如：如： Wake up children and dress them. 唤醒孩子唤醒孩子, 给他们穿上衣服。给他们穿上衣服。dress的过去分词常用来构成的过去分词常用来构成get dressed与与be dressed短语短语, 前者表示前者表示 动态动态, 后者表示静态后者表示静态, 穿何种衣服穿何种衣服, 则则用介词用介词in. 如：如： Harry up and get dressed. 快点穿上衣服。快点穿上衣服。 The girl was dressed in red. 这个女孩穿着一身红衣服。这个女孩穿着一身红衣服。dress up是是“
22、穿上最好的衣服穿上最好的衣服”, 常常指指“打扮打扮,化装化装”，如，如:You should dress up when you take part in the party.She is _ in red today and looks very beautiful.A. wearingB. having onC. dressingD. dressedD. dressed9. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain Indias inde
23、pendence from Britain. 点拨点拨 此句中此句中Mohandas Gandhi和和the leader是同位语，是同位语，the leader指的指的就是就是Mohandas Gandhi这个人。这个人。又如又如: Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers who is the top student in their class. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆,他是他他是他们班最好的学生。们班最好的学生。Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
24、 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。好。10. Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. 考点考点 can在句中表示一种可能性。在句中表示一种可能性。can 的主要用法有的主要用法有: 1) 表示能力。表示能力。2) 表表示可能性。多用于否定与疑问句中示可能性。多用于否定与疑问句中, 但但也可用在肯定句中。也可用在肯定句中。can 用在肯定句用在肯定句中有时表示一时的情况中有时表示一时的情况 (“有时候会有时候会”)。3) 表示请求和许可。表示请求和许可。考例考例1 The bigge
25、st problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. (湖南湖南 2007)A. shant B. cantC. neednt D. mustnt 点拨点拨 用用cant表示没有某种能力表示没有某种能力, 意为意为“不能不能”。考例考例2 Theres no light on they _ be at home. (2006全国卷全国卷I)A. cant B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt点拨点拨 c
26、an用于对现在的推测用于对现在的推测, 常用于常用于否定句或疑问句中。否定句或疑问句中。cant 表示表示“不不可能可能” 。考例考例3 Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. (湖南湖南 2006)A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must 点拨点拨 第一空表示第一空表示“可能性可能性”, 可以是可以是can或或may; 第二空表示第二空表示“客观上不得客观上不得不不”, 所以
27、只能是所以只能是have to。考例考例4 Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He _ have gone far his coats still here. (湖北湖北 2005)A. shouldnt B. mustntC. cant D. wouldnt点拨点拨 cant have done 表示对过去情表示对过去情况的推测况的推测, 意为意为“不可能已经不可能已经”。11. awards award. n. 奖奖, 奖品奖品 v. 判给判给, 授予授予award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物奖
28、赏某人某物辨析辨析: award 和和reward：award后接双宾语后接双宾语 award sb. a metal 授予某人奖章授予某人奖章reward 奖赏奖赏, 给给报酬报酬, 不能接双宾语不能接双宾语;reward sb. for sth. 因因 奖赏某人；奖赏某人；reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人用某物酬劳某人用力想啊！ She rewarded herself with a cup of coffee after a whole mornings hard work. 一上午的刻苦学习后一上午的刻苦学习后, 她冲一杯她冲一杯咖啡来奖赏自己。咖啡来奖赏自己。
29、12. , when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes. admire admire v. 意为意为“赞赏赞赏;钦佩钦佩;羡慕羡慕;赞赞美美;夸奖夸奖”注意注意: 表示表示“在某方面钦佩某人在某方面钦佩某人”用用“admire sb. for sth.” We all admire him for his courage and bravery.我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。13. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that
30、 look forward to the end of winter and the coming of spring. look forward to look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待意为期待着着(做做)某事某事, 其中的其中的to是介词是介词, 而不是而不是动词不定式符号。动词不定式符号。 Boys and girls are looking forward to Spring Festival. 孩子们渴盼着过年。孩子们渴盼着过年。 Hes looking forward to hearing from his pen pal. 他期待着笔友来信。他期待
31、着笔友来信。14. as thoughas though和和as if没有什么区别。没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。(1) 引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。 当从句主语和主句主语一致当从句主语和主句主语一致, 从句谓从句谓语中又含有动词语中又含有动词to be时时, 可以把主语可以把主语和和to be一起省去。一起省去。
32、He looked about as though (he was) in search of something 他四处张望他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。好像寻找什么。(2) 引导表语从句引导表语从句 It looks as if its going to rain 看样子天要下雨了。看样子天要下雨了。 as though和和as if从句用虚拟语气从句用虚拟语气,还是还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或或者纯粹是一种假设者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。通常用虚拟语气。 The chil
33、d talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。15. have fun with have fun意为意为“过得快乐过得快乐”同义词同义词组为组为have a good time, enjoy oneself. 短语有短语有have fun (in) doing sth.1. Mohandas Gandhi was a political and a r_ leader in Indian history.2. After the accident, he has lost his b_ in God.3. D
34、ont play t_ on me I want to know the truth. religious belieftricks 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示或汉语提示, 写出该单词的正确形式。写出该单词的正确形式。练习坊练习坊4. He has g_ rich working experience in these years.gained5. A crowd _ (聚集聚集) to see what had happened.6. He has been _ (奖励奖励) a medal for his great bravery.7.
35、 This _ (衣服衣服) sells well to the teenage market.gatheredawardedclothing8. The king promised to hold a great _ (盛宴盛宴) for all his people. 9. We apologize for the late _ (到达到达) of the train.feast arrival用适当的介词填空。用适当的介词填空。 1. Without food, the dog was starved _ death.2. The scientists published a new t
36、heory to explain the origins _ the universe. 3. My mother says shes looking forward _ meeting you.toofto4. We covered the sofa _ a large blanket.5. A good marriage is based _ trust.6. India gained independence _ Britain in 1947.7. We named the lake Rebecca _ memory of her.8. The film ends _ the deat
37、h of the heroine.withonfrominwith根据汉语提示根据汉语提示, 将下列句子补充完整。将下列句子补充完整。1. _ (该词的来源该词的来源) remains unknown.2. He knew I _ (精力充沛精力充沛) and would get things done.3. _ (看看起来好像起来好像) everyone else has gone home.4. _ (很很明显明显) Tom stole the book.The origin of the wordwas energeticIt looks as thoughIt is obvious t
38、hat选选用合适的短语，用其适当形式填空。用合适的短语，用其适当形式填空。look forward to; be proud of; in memory of; dress up; day and night; play a trick on; decorate with; have fun with; as though; do harm to1. Her sister helped her to _ for the party.2. They set up a monument _ those who died in the big earthquake.dress up in memor
39、y of look forward to; be proud of; in memory of;dress up; day and night; play a trick on;decorate with; have fun with;as though; do harm to3. We _ them and they fell right into it yesterday.4. My coming summer holiday starts on the same day as my cousins, and I am much _ it.5. Go with your friends a
40、nd _ them.played a trick onlooking forward tohave fun withlook forward to; be proud of; in memory of;dress up; day and night; play a trick on;decorate with; have fun with;as though; do harm to6. You have to convince them that you will put 200 percent into it and will work _ to make it a reality.7. S
41、he stared at me _ I were a complete stranger.day and night as thoughlook forward to; be proud of; in memory of;dress up; day and night; play a trick on;decorate with; have fun with;as though; do harm to8. This kind of drugs will _ our health unless we follow the instructions. 9. My students have wor
42、ked hard, and I _ them.10. Mrs Lament showed me an old-fashioned dress _ ribbons and lace.do harm toam proud ofdecorated with翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。1. 离开家去上大学使我变得独立多了。离开家去上大学使我变得独立多了。 (go away from; independent)2. 两两姐妹没有什么共同之处。姐妹没有什么共同之处。 (in common)Going away from home to college has made me much more independent.The two sisters have nothing in common.