《最新医学英语疾病介绍——gastriccarcinoma胃癌精品课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《最新医学英语疾病介绍——gastriccarcinoma胃癌精品课件.ppt（24页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、医学英语疾病介绍医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌胃癌IntroductionDescription 概述概述Classification 分类分类Causes 病因病因Symptoms 症状症状Pathlogical Changes 病变病变Exams and Tests临床检查临床检查Treatment 治疗治疗Outlook(Prognosis) 预后预后Prevention 预防预防 Have inflammation and swelling of the stomach for a long time (chronic atrophic gastritis) Ha
2、ve pernicious anemia SmokeCausesInflammation:Inflammation:nflmen n. nflmen n. 医医 炎症炎症Swelling:Swelling:swel n. swel n. 肿胀肿胀 chronic atrophicchronic atrophictrfik trfik gastritis gastritisgstrats gstrats : :慢性萎缩性胃炎慢性萎缩性胃炎perniciousperniciouspns pns anemia anemiani:mi: ni:mi: : :恶性贫血恶性贫血 Abdominal ful
3、lness(腹胀) or pain(疼痛), which may occur after eat a small meal Dark stools(黑便) Difficulty swallowing(吞咽困难), which becomes worse over time Excessive belching(嗳气/打嗝儿过度) General decline in health(全身健康机能减退)SymptomsAbdominal:Abdominal:bdmnl adj. bdmnl adj. 腹部的腹部的 Belch:Belch:belt v.belt v.打嗝，嗳气打嗝，嗳气Declin
4、e:Decline:diklain n.diklain n.衰退衰退 嗳嗳 i:打嗝儿，胃里的气从嘴里出来，并发出声音。打嗝儿，胃里的气从嘴里出来，并发出声音。 Loss of appetite(食欲缺乏) Nausea(恶心) Vomiting, which may contain blood(呕血) Weakness or fatigue(疲劳) Weight loss(体重减轻)SymptomsAppetite: Appetite: pitait n.pitait n.胃口，食欲胃口，食欲Nausea:Nausea:n:zi:, -, -si:, - n. n:zi:, -, -si:,
5、 - n. 作呕；作呕； 恶心；恶心； 反胃反胃 Vomit:Vomit:vmit vt.& vi. vmit vt.& vi. 呕吐呕吐 Fatigue:Fatigue:fti:g n. fti:g n. 疲劳疲劳 Early gastric cancer:早期胃癌 The cancer have not invaded the muscularis propria(肌层) and are therefore limited to the mucosa(黏膜层) and submucosa(黏膜下层).Advance gastric carcinoma:进展期胃癌 The cancer ha
6、ve invaded the muscularis propria or even further and beyond the mucosa and submucosa.Pathlogical ChangesInvadeInvade:inveid vt.& vi. :inveid vt.& vi. 侵入侵入 MuscularisMuscularis:mskjulris:mskjulris肌层肌层 MucosaMucosa:mju:kus n. :mju:kus n. 黏膜层黏膜层 PropriaPropria: :固有层固有层 Protruded type (型 隆起型) Superfici
7、al type (型 表浅型)Superficial elevated type (a型 表浅隆起型)Superficial flat type (b型 表浅平坦型)Superficial depressed type (c型 表浅凹陷型) Excavated type (型 凹陷型)Pathlogical ChangesProtrude:prtru:d vt. Protrude:prtru:d vt. 使突出使突出 Superficial:sju:pfil adj. Superficial:sju:pfil adj. 表面（上）的表面（上）的 Excavate:ekskvet vt. Exc
8、avate:ekskvet vt. 挖掘；挖掘； 开凿开凿 (1)息肉型或蕈伞型 polypoid or fungating type (2)溃疡型 Ulcerative type(3)浸润型 Infiltrating type进展期胃癌进展期胃癌大体类型大体类型 Pathlogical ChangesPolypoid:plipidPolypoid:plipid息肉样息肉样 Fungating:fngeit Fungating:fngeit 医医 真菌样生长真菌样生长 Ulcerative:lsrtiv adj. Ulcerative:lsrtiv adj. 溃疡（性）的溃疡（性）的 Infi
9、ltrating:nfltret v. Infiltrating:nfltret v. （使）渗透（使）渗透 A suspicious stomach ulcer that was ultimately diagnosed as cancer on biopsy(baipsi 活检) and resected(ri(:)sektid 切除). The surgical specimen(spesimn 外科手术样本) was subsequently(sbsikwntli 随后，后来) kept for educational purposes. Pathlogical ChangesAden
10、ocarcinoma of the stomach (dinuk:sinum 腺癌) 隶属溃疡型进展期胃癌，伴有溃疡形成的胃癌有时需与消化性溃疡鉴别Endoscopic(endskpik 内窥镜) image of linitis(linaitis胃蜂窝织炎) plastica(plstik 塑料的), a type of stomach cancer where the entire stomach is invaded, leading to a leather(le 皮革) bottle-like appearance with blood coming out of it.Pathlo
11、gical ChangesLinitis plastica Linitis plastica 革囊胃革囊胃 隶属浸润型进展期胃癌 Diagnosis is often delayed(被推迟) because symptoms may not occur in the early stages of the disease(疾病早期阶段). Or, patients may self-treat symptoms(自己治疗出现的一些症状) that gastric cancer has in common with other, less serious gastrointestinal di
12、sorders(相对不那么严重的胃肠道疾病) (bloating(胃气胀), heartburn(胃灼热), and a sense of fullness(腹胀感).Exams and TestsGastrointestinalGastrointestinalgstruintestnl gstruintestnl disordersdisorders胃肠道病症胃肠道病症BloatingBloatingbltblt胃气胀胃气胀HeartburnHeartburnh:tb:nh:tb:n胃灼热胃灼热The following tests can help diagnose gastric can
13、cer: Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy to examine the stomach tissue Stool test to check for blood in the stoolsExams and TestsComplete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia:Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia:贫血时检查全血细胞计数贫血时检查全血细胞计
14、数EsophagoEsophagoasfg asfg / /gastrogastrogstr gstr / /duodenoduodenodju:udi:n dju:udi:n /scopy (EGD):/scopy (EGD):食道、胃、十二指肠镜检查食道、胃、十二指肠镜检查Stool test to check for blood in the stools:Stool test to check for blood in the stools:大便中带血时检查粪便大便中带血时检查粪便Surgery to remove the stomach (gastrectomy) is the on
15、ly treatment that can cure the condition. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may help. For many patients, chemotherapy and radiation therapy after surgery may improve the chance of a cure(提高治愈的可能性).For patients who cannot have surgery, chemotherapy or radiation can improve symptoms and may prolong s
16、urvival(延长生存时间), but will likely not cure the cancer. For some patients, a surgical bypass procedure(外科旁路手术) may relieve symptoms(减轻症状).TreatmentGastrectomy:Gastrectomy:strektmi strektmi 胃切除术胃切除术RadiationRadiationreidiein reidiein therapy: therapy:放疗放疗ChemotherapyChemotherapykemuerpi kemuerpi : :化疗化
17、疗The outlook varies(预后情况). Tumors in the lower stomach(胃下部的肿瘤) are cured more often than those in the higher stomach - gastric cardia(胃贲门) or gastroesophageal junction(食管胃连接). How far the tumor invades the stomach wall(肿瘤侵袭胃壁的程度) and whether lymph nodes(淋巴结) are involved(是否已发生淋巴道转移) when the patient
18、 is diagnosed affect the chances of a cure(影响治愈的可能性).When the tumor has spread outside the stomach(肿瘤已经扩散到胃外时), a cure is not possible(治愈已经不可能了) and the goal of treatment is to improve symptoms(使症状好转). Outlook(Prognosis)gastric cardiagastric cardiak:di k:di 胃贲门胃贲门GastroesophagealGastroesophagealstru
19、isfdi:l struisfdi:l 食管胃的食管胃的lymphlymphlmf lmf nodes nodesnudz nudz 淋巴结淋巴结 Mass screening programs(疾病普查程序疾病普查程序) have been successful at detecting disease in the early stages(疾病早期探测) in Japan, where the risk of gastric cancer(胃癌带来的危害) is much higher than in the United States. The value of screening(这
20、种普查的价值) in the United States and other countries with lower rates of gastric cancer(美国以及胃癌发病率较低的其它国家) is not clear(尚不明确).PreventionThe following may help reduce your risk of gastric cancer: Dont smoke Eat a healthy, balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables Take a medication to treat reflux disease, if you have itPreventionrefluxrefluxri:flks ri:flks disease:disease:胃食管反流病胃食管反流病（简称（简称GERDGERD）是指胃）是指胃 十二指肠内容物反十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起的以烧心流入食管引起的以烧心 反酸为主要特征的临床综合征反酸为主要特征的临床综合征