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1、学习必备欢迎下载汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）（一）按照法律规定according to law 按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt 案例教学法case system 案例汇编 case book; case report; law report柏拉图 Plato保护人权与基本自由公约(1950) Conve
2、ntion for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 （罗）被视为be deemed as 被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法comparative law 比较法学 comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative
3、penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation; accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci
4、rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act 不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为 abstain from an act; act of omission部门法 department law部门规章regulation参照 consult参照具体情况 in
5、 the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的extralegal超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法 written law成文宪法written constitution冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则 conflict rule; rule
6、of conflict除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益 go against the state s interests触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people s interests传统法律观念 traditional ideas of la
7、w纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规 by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从权利accessory right达到法定年龄 come of age 大（的）法 the fundamental law 大（的）法官Lord High Chancellor大 （的） 法官法院Court of Chancery 大陆法系Continental Legal System 大律师barrister大明律 Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）大陪审团 gran
8、d jury大清律例the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中) 大宪章 (1215) Great Charter, 1215(英) 单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一制政府unitary government但书proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释 natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德
9、义务 moral obligation德国民法典 German Civil code德拉古 Draco 地方各级人民代表大会local peoples congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local peoples courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院 lo cal people s procuratorates at different levels地方各级人民政府local peoples governments at different levels第二读second reading第三读 third readin
10、g二元论 the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual constitutional monarchy system二元论 the dualistic theory二元论者精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本质 the nature of law法的变化 changes of law法的定义definition of law法的发展development of law法的分类 divisions of law法的概念con
11、cepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法的精神 spirit of law法的可预测性 foreseeability of law法的类型types of law法的历史类型的更替 the replacement of one historical mode of law by another法的历史渊源 historical origin of law 法的连续性continuity of law 法的内容contexts of law法的社会作用 social usage of law法的生效operat
12、ion of law法的实现 realization of law 法的特征character of law 法的现象legal phenomenon法的消亡 withering away of law法的形式渊源formal source of law法的要素elements of law法的渊源source of law法的职能 function of law法的作用role of law法典 code; statute book法典编纂 codification of codes法定成年人的年龄age of majority; legal age法定程序legal procedure法定
13、处罚statutory penalty法定代理人： agent ad litem法定解释statutory interpretation法定量刑情节 legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing法定年龄 legal age; lawful age法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit法定期间 prescribed time法定期限 legal term法定权利 legal right; right entitled by law法定权限 limits of power prescribed by law法定人数 quorum 法
14、定日 appointed day法定时间 appointed time 法定时效 statutory prescription法定条件 legal condition法定限制 statutory restrictions法定效力 statutory force法定刑 legally-prescribed punishment法定形式 legal form法定责任statutory duty法定追溯期 time of legal memory法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty; maximum statutory sentence 法官 judge法官的自由裁量权ju
15、dge s power of discretion法官权力范围 extent of judge s power法官心证judge s mental impression法官中立原则 Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa法规编纂 condification of laws and regulations法规的解释 interpretation of statutes法规汇编 corpus of the laws and regulations法国民法典Code Civile de Francais (法)法理 jurisprudence; principle
16、 of law法理学家 jurisprudent法律保护 legal protection法律编纂codification法律标准 legal standards法律补救 legal redress法律部门 legal department法律草案 draft regulations法律措施 legal measures法律大全 Corpus legum法律的本土化和改写 the localization and adaptiion of laws法律的本质 essence of law法律的地位 position of law法律的定义 definition of law 法律的废止 abo
17、lishment of law 法律的公共秩序论 public order theory of law法律的规范性 normalization of law法律的继承 succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威 authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law; law enforcement法律的适用application of law法律的统一 unification of law法律的推定 presumption of law法律的推理 analogy of law法律的完整性 in
18、tegrity of law法律的效力范围force s scale of law法律的效力形式force s form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进 evolutin of law法律的原理 principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律方法 legal methodology法律分类 classification of law 法律赋予权力 authority conferred by law 法律改革 law reform法律概念 legal conc
19、ept 法律根据 legal basis 法律工作者 legal professional 汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）（二）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行 process of legal relation法律关系客体 object of legal relation法律关系主体 subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律规范 norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构 logic
20、al structure of legal rule法律规则体系 system of legal rules法律含义 intendment of law法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究 legal research法律要件 legal requirement法律依据 legal basis法律意见 legal advice法律意见书 legal opinion法律意识 law-consciousness法律意义 legal sense法律用语 legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior the
21、ory of law and justice法律渊源 source of law法律原本注释 gloss法律原理 legal doctrines法律原则 principle of legality法律援助 legal aid 法律约束 legal binding; legal restraint法律责任 legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础 moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility
22、法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility法律哲学 philosophy of law; philosophie du droit （法） ； philosophia juris法律政策 policy of the law 法律职业道德 legal ethics法律指导 legal counsel法律制裁 legal sanction法律制度 regime of law; legal system法律秩
23、序legal order法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law法律主张 proposition of law法律属地原则territoriality of laws 法律著述 legal literature法律专家 legal expert 法律专业 legal profession法律专著和教科书 legal treatise and textbook法律咨询 legal advice法律尊严 legal sanctity法盲 legal illiterates法权 right法社会学 sociology of law法系 legal system法协会 l
24、aw society法学 jurisprudence法学博士 doctor of jurisprudence法学导论 leading principles of law法学的范畴体系 the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法学的基石范畴 fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法 method of jurisprudence法学方法论 methodology of jurisprudence法学会
25、law society法学教科书 law textbooks法学理论 theory of law; legal theory法学权威 an academic authority in law法学士bachelor of law 法学体系 system of jurisprudence法学通论 first principles of law 法学院 faculty of law; law school法医 forensic medicine 法医学 forensic medicine 法院 court法院调查 judicial investigation法院管辖权 competence of c
26、ourt法院管辖以外的 extrajudicial法院判决 court decision法院系统 court structure法院组织法 judicature act法则 articles法哲学 philosophy of law 法制 legal institution法制传统 tradition of law system法制的精神 spirit of legality法制的尊严 dignity of the legal system法制观念 legal concept法制观念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law法制教育 legal educa
27、tion; education of legal system法制史 legal history; history of legal system法治 rule of law法治的机制 the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素 the element of rule of law 非实质的 immaterial非营利的 non-profit非约束性条款 permissive provision废止法律 annulment of law分别管辖权 separate jurisdiction分别财产制 separation of property regime 分别规定
28、separate provision分担责任 share the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约 divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制 division of labor responsibility system 分级管理 different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度 distribution system 分析法理学 analytical jurispr
29、udence否决权 power 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载veto; veto power否认事实 denial of facts服从法律 amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决 accept a judgment符合程序 be in order符合法律 be in conformity with law符合宪法constitutionality 符合宪法的法律 constitutional law符合原则 be in conformity with
30、the principle盖尤斯 Gaius概括裁定 general verdict概括继承 general succession干扰司法公正interference with course of justice刚性条款 entrenched clause刚性宪法 rigid constitution岗位责任制 post responsibility system高等法院 high court; high court of justice高度集中 highly centralize高度民主 high level of democracy高度自治权 high degree of autonomy
31、高级法官 senior judge 高级法院 superior court高级人民法院Higher People s Court高级人民检察院 Higher Peoples Procuratortate搁置 set aside; abeyance格式条款 clause of style公认的行为准则established standard of conduct规避法律 in fraud of law规避义务 evade obligations规范的法律规则 normative rule of law规范法学 normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件 normalizativ
32、e document of law规范性法律文件的规范化 normalization of normative legal document国际法international law国际法学 international jurisprudence过错方 tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则 doctrine of presumption过错责任 liability for wrongs; tort liability海事法院 court of admiralty 汉穆拉比法典 Code of Hammurabi合并条款 consolidation of provisions合
33、法的个人财产 legal personal property合法地位 legal status合法权益 the lawful rights and interests合法行为 lawful acts; legality of purpose 合宪性 constitutionality 衡平法 equity衡平法规则 rule of equity衡平法学 equity jurisprudence衡平法院 Court of Chancery (美)；Court of Equity （英）后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior
34、one.后法优于前法 lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地： the place where his residence is registered互为因果 reciprocal causation基本法 fundamental law基本法律规范 basic norm of law基本方针 basic policies基本权利和义务 basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设 basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规 technical legal rule 家庭法 family law 建立法律
35、关系create legal relations教会法canon law 教会法大全 Corpus Juris Canonici教会法学家 decretalists解释法律的技术规则 technical rule of interpretation解释权 power of interpretation近因 immediate cause禁治产人 imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地： habitual residence经法律确认的 ascertained by law经法律许可authorized by law经验法学 scholastic theories o
36、f law纠问式审判 trial by inspection or examination具有法律约束力的文件 legally binding instrument具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例 binding precedent绝对衡平法 absolute equity君主立宪制度constitutional monarchy开罗会议 Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义 keynesianism可撤销的法律行为revocable juristic act可让与性 alienability可用法律强制执行的 enforceable at
37、law可预见的foreseeable可直接适用的法律 directly applicable law 可追溯的 retrospective客观条件 objective condition客观因素 objective factor客体 object扩充解释 amplified interpretation理论法理学派theoretical jurisprudence school理性决定说 theory of rational decision理性认识 conceptual knowledge 历史法学 historical jurisprudence历史法学派 historical schoo
38、l of law历史解释historical interpretation立法机构legislative body立法权 law-making power; legislative power立法委任权 legislation mandate立法效力 legislative effect立法议案 bills立法者 law-maker; 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载legislator立宪 constitutionalism利益冲突 conflict of interests利害关系人inter
39、ested person连带法律关系 joint legal relations连带责任 joint and several obligation论理解释 logical interpretation罗马法 Roman Law; Jus Romanum 罗马法系 Roman-Law System 罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世Justinian I 罗马法理学 jurisprudential罗马法律汇编 Roman Digest 罗马法学派 school of Romanists罗马日耳曼法系 Roman-Germanic family罗马私法 Jus Privatum逻辑解释 logical inte
40、rpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案 Marbury vs. Madison马克思主义法律理论 Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家 Marxist jurist没有事实根据的 unsubstantial美国国际法协会 American Institute of International Law美国海事法庭 Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院 United States district courts美国联邦法官 federal judge没有法律依据的 lawless没有判决先例的
41、案件 case of first impression民法大全Corpus Juris Civilis民法典 civil code民法法系Civil-Law System 民法通则： General Principles of the Civil Law 民法学 science of civil law 民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则“by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases民事权利能力： the capacity for civil rights民事权益： civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学 Civil Pr
42、ocedure Law民事制裁 civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门： the civil affairs department明代法规 laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的 express or implied默示表达communication by implication拿破仑法典 The Code Napolean内部规章 internal regulations纳妾制 concubinage南京条约 (1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843拟制理论 fiction theory拟制买
43、卖mancipatio欧洲大陆法 continental law偶然权利 contingent right偶然因果关系 fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素 accidentalia 偶因 accidental cause 排他的权利 right to exclude all others派生的权利 derived right派生取得 derivative acquisition判例法系 Case Law System 汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）（三）普通法法系 Common-Law System 判例法系 Case Law System判例汇编
44、reports; reports of judgments普通法 common law 普通法法系 Common-Law System 普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy 普通法上的过失common-law negligence普通法上的留置权 common-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款mandatory term侵犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任
45、 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系 regional system of laws取证 obtain evidence确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation人法 human law, statute personalia人格减等 capitis deminutio人身不
46、可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系personal non-property relations人身关系 personal relation任意解释 arbitrary interpretation日耳曼法Germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers善意推定presumption of good faith商法 commercial law商法典 code of commerce社会法学sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relat
47、ions社会规范 social regulation社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论 theory of social contract社会团体： social organization社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载神法 divine law神权说 theory of divi
48、ne right审查制度 censorship; inspection system审计监督supervise through auditing审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing生效条款 operative clause 失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行细则 implementary provisions实证主义法学派 the positivist school十二表法 Twelve Tables实体法 material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩 substantial defen
49、se实体权利 substantive right实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派 positivist实在主义法学positivist jurisprudence实证法学 positive jurisprudence实质条款 material stipulation实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation事实的推定 presumption of fact事业单位： institution适用法律 refer
50、ence to the law; applicable law 适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律：be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to) 溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿damages梭伦 Solon 弹性宪法 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special prov