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1、高分子化学（一）教学大纲 （英文版）-正文内容开始- PAGE PAGE8 高分子化学（一）课程教学大纲 课程代码：CHEM3053 课程类别：基础、特色课程 授课对象：化学工程与工艺、应用化学、化学等专业 开课学期：春秋季 学分：2学分 指定教材：潘祖仁，高分子化学，化学工业出版社，2022年 教学目的： 高分子化学是化学科学中发展最快、最新、应用最广的学科之一。它建立在四大基础化学无机化学、分析化学、有机化学和物理化学的基础之上，是四大基础化学过渡到实际应用中间的桥梁，同时又是现代材料科学、精细化学品化学、石油化工、现代化工等学科的基础。本课程的任务是使学生掌握高分子化的基本理论，能较为熟
2、练地应用高分子化学的方法（如聚合、改性等基本方法）解决遇到的实际问题。本课程的目的旨在使学生对当代化学，尤其是高分子科学的发展状况和发展趋势有较深入的了解。本课程可为学生今后进一步在化学及材料科学方面继续深造打下坚实的理论基础；也可为学生今后在相关领域从事新产品开发、应用和生产提供较强的背景知识。 Chapter 1 Introduction 课时： 共6课时 Contents: 1.1 Types of Polymers and Polymerization Teaching Outline: General concept；Addition Polymerization; Condensa
3、tion Polymerization; and Ring-Opening polymerization; Average Molecular Weights and Polydispersity 1.2 Classification and Nomenclature Teaching Outline: Classification and Nomenclature 1.3 Polymerization Mechanism Teaching Outline: Chain polymerizations, Step Polymerization and Non-termination Polym
4、erization 1.4 Molecular Weight and Polydispersity Teaching Outline: Relationship between Mn and Physical Properties; Average Molecular Weight and Polydispersity; Determination Method of Mn 1.5 Linear, Branched, and Cross-linked Polymers Teaching Outline: Linear, Branched, and Cross-linked Polymers；T
5、hermoplastic Polymers; Thermosetting polymers 1.6 Microstructure of Polymers Teaching Outline: Unit Structure; Sequence Isomerism; Stereoiosomerism;Geometry Isomerism 1.7 Physical Teaching Outline: Crystalline and Amorphous Behavior; Melting Point and Glass Temperature； 1.8 Polymer Materials and Mec
6、hanical Properties Teaching Outline: Strength Character of Rubbers; Plastics and Fibers 思考题： 说明下列名词和术语： (1)单体，聚合物，高分子，高聚物 (2)碳链聚合物，杂链聚合物，元素有机聚合物，无机高分子 (3)主链，侧链，侧基，端基 (4)结构单元，单体单元，重复单元，链节 (5)聚合度，相对分子质量，相对分子质量分布 (6)连锁聚合，逐步聚合，加聚反应，缩聚反应 (7)加聚物，缩聚物，低聚物 与低分子化合物比较，高分子化合物有什么特征？ 举例说明链式聚合与加聚反应、逐步聚合与缩聚反应间的关系与区
7、别。 讨论聚合物Tg、Tm在日常生活、工业上等的应用。 Chapter 2 Step Polymerization 课时： 共9课时 Contents: 2.1 Introduction Teaching Outline: Characteristics of Step Polymerization；Names and Structures of Polymers 2.2 Basic Concept of Condensation Polymerization Teaching Outline: Condensation；Linear Condensation Polymerization；C
8、rosslinking Condensation Polymerization 2.3 Mechanism of Linear Condensation Polymerization Teaching Outline: Mechanism of Step Polymerization；Functional Degrees of Monomer；Reaction Content；Relationship of Average Degree of Polymerization, Reaction Content and Molar Ratios of Functional Groups；Relat
9、ionship between Equilibrium Constant and Average Polymerization Degree；Molecular Weight Control in Linear Polymerization 2.4 Kinetics of Linear Condensation Polymerization Teaching Outline: Self-catalyzed Polymerization；External Acid-Catalyzed Polymerization 2.5 Molecular Weight and Polydispersity T
10、eaching Outline: Number-average Degree of Polymerization；Weight-average Degree of Polymerization；Polydispersity index 2.6 Step Polymerization Techniques Teaching Outline: Fusing Condensation Polymerization；Solution Condensation Polymerization；Interface Condensation Polymerization；Solid Condensation
11、Polymerization 2.7 Non-linear Condensation Polymerization Teaching Outline: Branched Polymers and Crosslinking Polymers；Gelation and Gel Point；Forecast Gel PointCarothers Equation 2.8 Random Prepolymers and Well-defined Prepolymers Teaching Outline: Alkyd Prepolymers; Phenolic Polymers; Amino Resins
12、; Epoxy Resins; Dihydroxyl Prepolymers; Unsaturated Polyesters; Polyurethanes Elastomers 思考题： 区别缩聚反应类似缩聚反应和类似加聚反应 为何分子链长和扩散速率对官能团反应能力没影响 外加酸催化反应或自身催化反应在工业上的应用特点？ 动力学控制与扩散控制在缩聚反应中的重要性？ 比较四种逐步聚合方法的特点及应用前景？ 如何利用凝胶点的概念制备各种预聚体 Chapter 3 Radical Chain Polymerization 课时： 共9课时 Contents: 3.1 Basic Concept of
13、 Chain Polymerization Teaching Outline:Classification of Chain Polymerization；Effects of Monomer Structure on Polymerization 3. 2 Mechanism of Free Radical Polymerization Teaching Outline:Process of Free Radical Polymerization；Character of Free Radical Polymerization 3.3 Initiation and Start Teachin
14、g Outline: Classification and Decomposition of Initiations；Kinetics of Decomposition of Initiations；Initiator Efficiency 3.4 Kinetics of Free Radical Polymerization Teaching Outline: Polymerization Rate；Kinetics of Free Radical Polymerization(Three Hypothesis) 3.5 Autoacceleration Teaching Outline:
15、Autoacceleration；Types of Polymerization Rate 3.6 Molecular Weight and Transfer Reaction Teaching Outline: Types of Chain Transfer Reactions; Kinetic Chain Length; Average Degree of Polymerization；Chain Transfer and Adjusting for Molecular Weights of Polymers 3.7 Inhibition and Retardation Teaching
16、Outline: Types of Inhibitors and Retardators；Principle of Inhibitation 3.8 Determination of the Rate Constants Teaching Outline: Determination of Rate Constants；Free Radicals Life 3.9 Thermodynamics of Free Radical Polymerization Teaching Outline: Enthalpy of Polymerization；Limiting Temperature of P
17、olymerization 3.10 Molecular Weight Distribution Teaching Outline: Molecular Weight Distribution in Termination by Disproportionation; Molecular Weight Distribution in Termination by Coupling 思考题： 为什么终止速率常数极高，自由基聚合反应还能形成聚合物？ 讨论影响发生偶合终止或歧化终止的因素。 自由基聚合机理特征？ 解释引发效率、诱导分解和笼蔽效应。 如何判断自由基聚合引发剂的活性？自由基聚合在选择引发
18、剂时应注意哪些问题？ 推导自由基聚合动力学方程时，作了哪些基本假定？ 如何理解等活性理论假设和稳定态假设？ 如何理解自动加速现象及避免措施？ 讨论向单体转移，向引发剂转移，向溶剂转移，向大分子转移对聚合度的影响。 位阻效应、共轭效应、极性效应与聚合热的关系？ Chapter 4 Free Radical Copolymerization 课时： 共4课时 Contents: 4.1 General Considerations Teaching Outline: Definition, Objective and Types of Copolymerization 4.2 Copolymeri
19、zation and Compositional Heterogeneity Teaching Outline: Instantaneous Composition of the Copolymer; Reactivity ratios 4.3 Plots of the Instantaneous Copolymer composition Teaching Outline: Ideal Copolymerization；Ideal Constant Copolymerization；Alternating Copolymerization；Non-ideal Copolymerization
20、 with Azeotropy Point 4.4 Control of Copolymer Composition Teaching Outline: Relationship of Copolymer Composition and Conversion; Controlling Methods for Copolymer Composition 4.5 Relative Reactivity of Monomers and Free Radicals Teaching Outline: Relative Reactivity of Monomers and Free Radicals；F
21、actors Affecting the Copolymerization Reactivity 4.6 Q-e Scheme Teaching Outline: Q- e Equation；Signification of Q-e Equation 思考题： 讨论均聚反应与共聚反应的竞争？ 自由基聚合的三个假设在共聚合反应的应用与区别？ 竞聚率r 的大小对均聚或共聚反应的影响及对共聚物组成的影响； 单体转化率高低对共聚物组成的影响？ 如何解释Q-e方程的半定量性？ Chapter 5 Polymerization Techniques 课时： 共6课时 Contents: 5.1 Bulk
22、Polymerization Teaching Outline: Recipes and Characters for the Bulk Polymerization Techniques 5.2 Solution Polymerization Teaching Outline: PAN; PVA 5.3 Suspension Polymerization Teaching Outline: Mechanism of Suspension Polymerization; Stabilizer and Stabilization 5.4 Emulsion Polymerization Teach
23、ing Outline: Components and Their Locations；Mechanism of Emulsion Polymerization；Kinetics of Emulsion Polymerization 思考题： 讨论本体聚合工业生产过程存在问题及解决措施。 溶液聚合方法的关键问题是什么？ 溶液聚合方法的应用前景。 悬浮聚合反应机理与本体聚合反应机理比较。 悬浮聚合反应方法的关建问题。 为何乳液聚合可以同时提高反应速率和聚合度？ Chapter 6 Ionic Chain Polymerization 课时： 共6课时 Contents: 6.1 Introduc
24、tion Teaching Outline: Concept of Ionic Chain Polymerization 6.2 Cationic Polymerization Teaching Outline: Monomers and Initiators for Cationic Polymeirzation；Mechanism and Kinetics of Cationic Polymerization 6.3 Anionic Polymerization Teaching Outline: Monomers and Initiators for Anionic Polymeirza
25、tion；Mechanism of Anionic Polymerization；Living Anionic Polymerization 6.4 Comparison of Ionic Polymerization with Free-radical Polymerization Teaching Outline: Types of Initiators, Chemical Structure of Monomers and Mechanism 6.5 Ring-opening Polymerization Teaching Outline: Reactivity of Ring-shap
26、ed Monomers；Mechanism and Kinetics of Ring-Opening Polymerization；Important Ring-Opening Polymerization in Industry 思考题： 为什么说阳离子聚合反应为快引发、快增长、易转移和难终止机理。 解释阴离子聚合三个基元反应的特征。 开环聚合与阳离子和阴离子聚合的差异以及研究动态。 羰基化合物的聚合条件与研究动态。 Chapter 7 Controlled/Living Free Radical Polymerization 课时： 共6课时 Contents: 7.1 Introduct
27、ion Teaching Outline: Definition of Living Polymerization； Character of Living Polymerization； 7.2 引发、转移、终止剂法 (Iniferter) Teaching Outline: Stable Free Radical；Mechanism of Iniferter Polymerization 7.3 Nitorxide Mediated “Living” Radical Polymerization (NMP) Teaching Outline: Mechanism of NMP Polyme
28、rization 7.4 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) Teaching Outline: Mechanism of ATRP Polymerization 7.5 Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) Teaching Outline: Mechanism of RAFT Polymerization 7.6 Transfer from One Polymer to Another Copolymer Teaching Outlin
29、e:1. 将一种聚合机理所得到的并已终止的聚合物链重新引发并按另一种聚合机理进行另一种单体聚合; 2. Synthesis of Dendrigraft Copolymer; 3. Amphiphilic Block Copolymers based on PEO 思考题： 活性聚合的特点是什么？ 简述ATRP聚合反应的机理及反应条件。 简述RAFT聚合的反应机理。RAFT聚合有什么优缺点？ Chapter 8 Coordination Polymerization 课时： 共4课时 Contents: 8.1 Introduction Teaching Outline: General Co
30、ncept；Characteristic of Coordination Polymerization 8.2 Initiators (Catalysts) Teaching Outline: Ziegler-Natta Catalysts；Character of Ziegler-Natta Catalysts；聚合基元反应（以a-烯烃聚合为例） 8.3 Stereoregularity of Polymers Teaching Outline: Isotactic；Syndiotactic; Effects of Stereoregularity on the Properties；Det
31、ermination of Stereoregularity 8.4 Mechanism of Coordination Polymerization of a-Olefin Teaching Outline: Propagation- Cossee-Arlman Mechanism；Kinetics of Coordination Polymerization 8.5 Influence factors for Coordination Polymerization Teaching Outline: Catalyst System；proportion of Catalysts and C
32、o-catalysts；Electron Donor；Polymerization Condition；Regulator；Technics 8.6 Coordination Polymerization of Diene Teaching Outline: 思考题： 举例说明聚合物的异构现象，如何评价聚合物的立构规整性？ 简述配位聚合（络合聚合、插入聚合），定向聚合（有规立构聚合），Ziegler-Natta聚合的特点，相互关系。 试述控制聚合物立体结构的方法，并各举一例。 简述Ziegler-Natta催化剂开发的意义。 丙烯进行自由基聚合、离子聚合及配位阴离子聚合时能否形成高分子聚合物？
33、为什么？怎样分离和鉴定所得聚合物为全同聚丙烯？ Chapter 9 Reactions of Polymers 课时： 共4课时 Contents: 9.1 Reactions of Groups in Polymers Teaching Outline: 聚合物基团反应特征；几率效应；Neighboring-Group Effects；Steric Effects；Electrostatic Effects；Reactions of Cellulose；Reactions of Poly(Vinyl Acetate)；Halogenation of PE；Aromatic Substitut
34、ion 9.2 Grafting and Block Copolymers Teaching Outline: Grafting Copolymerization；Block Copolymerization；Chain Extension 9.3 Crosslingking Reactions Teaching Outline: Vulcanization of Rubbers Containing Double Bonds；Crosslinkage of Rubber without Double Bonds；Crosslinkage of Polymers by Irradiation；
35、Crosslinkage of Polymers through Ions 9.4 Degradation of Polymers Teaching Outline: Heat degradation；Chemical degradation；Photo degradation 9.5 Anti-aging for Polymers Teaching Outline: Fore courses for anti-aging polymers 9.6 Design of Degradable Polymers Teaching Outline: Four strategies for desig
36、n degradable polymers 思考题： 聚合物化学反应的应用意义？ 聚合物的相似转变的应用前景？ 比较四种反应方法的特点和应用前景。 三、各章课时分配表 章序号 章内容 学时数 1 绪论 6 2 逐步聚合 9 3 自由基聚合 9 4 自由基共聚合 4 5 聚合方法 6 6 离子聚合 6 7 可控/活性自由基聚合 6 8 配位聚合 4 9 聚合物反应 4 总计 54 主要参考书目（五号黑体） George Odian, “Principles of Polymerization”, 4th Ed., John Wiley, 2022. Ravve A., “Principles o
37、f Polymer Chemistry”, 2nd Ed., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 复旦大学高分子系高分子教研室编著,高分子化学, 复旦大学出版社. 王槐三, 寇晓康编著,高分子化学教程, 科学出版社，2022. 王国建编著,高分子合成新技术,化学工业出版社，2022. 第18页 共18页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页