初中英语阶段必考知识点归纳归纳总结.doc

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1、YOUR LOGO原 创 文 档 请 勿 盗 版最新初中英语必考知识点总结精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 1 页,共 80 页初一年级(上)【知识梳理】?2. What aboutI.重点短语3. Lets do sth.4. Its time to do sth.1. Sit down5. Its time for2. on duty6.WhatsIts3. in English? Itis/? Its.4. have a seat7. Where ism.5. at home8. How old are you? I6. look like9. What class are

2、 you in?I m in.7. look at.8. have a look10. Welcome toWhats9. come on11.plus?Its.10. at work11. at school12. I think13. Whos this? This is.12. put on? I can13. look after14. What can you see14. get upsee.15. go shopping15. There is (are)16.Whatcolourisit(are重要句型s (They re)II.they)? Its.17. Whoseis t

3、his? Its.1. help sb. do sth.18. What time is it? It精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 2 页,共 80 页9.Hereyouare.Thisway,交际用语III.please.10. Whos on duty today?.11. Lets do.1. Good morning, Miss/Mr2. Hello! Hi!12. Let me see.3. Nice to meet you. Nice toIV.重要语法meet you, too.you?I mfine,1.动词 be 地用法;4.How are2.人称代词和物主

4、代词地用法;thank you/thanks. And you?3.名词地单复数和所有格地用5. See you. See you later.6.Thank you!Youre法;welcome.冠词地基本用法;7. Goodbye! Bye!4.8. What s your name? My name5. There be句型地用法;.is【名师讲解】1.in/on在表示空间位置时,表示在某个空间地范围以内,on 表示在某一in个物体地表面之上;例如:There isa bird树上有只鸟; There isinthe tree.a picture墙上有张图;on the wall.2.

5、this/that/these/those常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人地人和事,(1)thisthese精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 3 页,共 80 页为 this地复数形式;常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远that一点地人和事, those 时 that地复数形式;例如:You lookinthisbox and I ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子,我去看那边地那个盒子;我想要这辆小汽车,不为那一辆;I want this car, not that car.room,please.请把这些书拿到他房间去;Take

6、 thesebooks tohis s yours.这个为我地,那个为你地;This is mine; that这些为苹果,那些为橘子;These are apples; those are oranges.(2) 在打电话地用语中,this常常指地为我, that常常指地为对方;例如: s that?我为玛丽;你为谁?This is Mary speaking. Who3. There be/ haveThere be 有 ,其确切含意为 某处或某时存在某人或某物; 其结构为: There be +某人或某物+表示地点或时间地状语;There be后面地名词实际上为主语, be动词地形式要和

7、主语在数上保持一致,be动词后面地名词为单数或不可数名词时用is ,名词为复数时用are ;例如: (1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可乐;那个盒子里有个娃娃;(2) There is a doll in the box.那树上有许多苹果;(3) There are many apples on the tree.总之,There be 结构强调地为一种客观存在地 有 ;have 表示 拥有,占有,具有 ,即:某人有某物;主语一般为(sb. have / has sth.)精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第

8、4 页,共 80 页名词或代词,与主语为所属关系;例如:我有两个兄弟,一个姐(4) I have two brothers and one sister.姐;那所房子有四个房间;(5) That house has four rooms.4. look/ see/ watch表示“看、瞧”,着重指认真看,强调看地动作,表示有意(1)look识地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒对方注意;,如:瞧!孩子们在Look! The children are playing computer games.玩电脑游戏;Look! What s that over there?看!那边那个为什么?单独使用为不及物

9、动词,如强调看某人/ 物,其后接介词at ,才能带宾语,如:Hes looking at me;他正在看着我;(2)see强调“看”地结果,着重地为这个动作地结果,意思为look“看到”,see 为及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语;如:你能在图上看到什么?What can you see in the picture?看黑板!你看Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?到了什么?(3)watch “观看,注视”,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务地活动, 强调过程, 常用于“看电视、 看足球、 看演出”等;如:昨天我们从电视上Yes

10、terday we watched a football match on TV.精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 5 页,共 80 页看了一场足球比赛;4. put on/ / input on意为“穿上,戴上” ;主要指“穿上”这一动作,后面接表示服装、鞋帽地名词;in为介词,表示“穿着”强调状态;在句中可以做定语、标语和状语;如:Its cold outside, put on your coat.外面冷,穿上你地外衣;他戴上帽子,走了出去;He puts on his hat and goes out.s mother.穿白色衬衣地那The woman in a whit

11、e blouse is John个妇女为 John 地妈妈;5. house/ home/familyhouse:“房子”,指居住地建筑物; Home:“家”,指一个人同家人共同经常居住地地方“家庭“,“家庭成员”;例如:Please;Family:今天下午请到我家来;come to my house this afternoon.他不在家; My family all get up early.我He is not at home.们全家都起得很早;6. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容词表示 好 之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语;主要区别在于

12、:指物时表示地为质量上地 精细 ,形容人时表示地为 身体(1) fine健康 ,也 可以用来指 天气晴朗 ;例如:Your parentsare veryfine.你父母身体很健康;精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 6 页,共 80 页那为一台很好地机器Thats a fine machine.Its a fine day fora walk today.今天为散步地好时候;(2)nice主要侧重于人或物地外表,有 美好 , 漂亮 地意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人;例如: Lucy looks露西看上去很漂亮;nice.These coatsareverynice.那些裙子很好看;

13、见到你很高兴;你真Nice to meet you.Its very nice of you.好;(3)good形容人时指 品德好 ,形容物时指 质量好 ,为表示人或物各方面都好地普通用语;例如:她儿Her son is a good student.子为一个好学生;那辆红色小汽车很好;The red car is very good.(4)well只可用来形容人地 身体好 ,但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语, 多放在所修饰地动词之后;例如:Imverywell,thanks.我身体很好,谢谢;我地朋友们歌唱得好;My friends sing well.【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中

14、在:1.动词 be 地用法;2.人称代词和物主代词地用法;3.名词地单复数和所有格地用法;精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 7 页,共 80 页4.冠词地基本用法;5. There be句型地用法;6.本单元学过地词汇、短语和句型;7.本单元学过地日常交际用语;考试形式可以为单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子;初一年级(下)【知识梳理】13. get toI.重点短语14. get up15. go shopping1. a bottle of16. have a drink of2. a little17. have a look3. a lot (of)18. have

15、breakfast4. all day19. have lunch5. be from20. have supper6. be over21. listen to7. come back22. notat all8. come from23. putaway9. do ones homework24. take off10. do the shopping25. throw it like that11. get down26. would like12. get home27. in the middle of the day精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 8 页,共 80

16、页28.inthemorning/4.Ithinkso.Idontafternoon/ eveningthink so.29. on a farm5.Iwant totakesomebooks to30. in a factorythe classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange重要句型II.juice, please.Pleasegiveit/themback1. Let sb. do sth.tomorrow. OK.2. Could sb. do sth.?9.Whatsyourfavourite3. would like sth.sport?4. w

17、ould like to do sth.10. Dont worry.11.I m5.Whataboutsomethingto(not)goodateat?basketball.?6. How do you spell12. Do you want a go?That s all7. May I borrow13.Thatsright./right./ All right.交际用语III.14.Do you have a dictionary/any dictionaries?1.Thanks very much!t.Yes, I do. / No, I don Youre welcome.1

18、5. We / They have some CDs.We/They dont2. Put it/them away.have any CDs.3. Whats wrong?16. -What day is it today /精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 9 页,共 80 页tomorrow?every day?Its Monday.-Igo toschoolat7:00every17.-MayIborrowyourday.colour pens, please?23.-Whattimedoes he goto-Certainly. Here you are.bed in

19、the evening?18. -Where are you from?-He goes to bed at 10:00.-From Beijing.IV.重要语法19.Whatsyourtelephonenumber in New York?1. 人称代词地用法;20. -Do you like hot dogs?2.祈使句;-Yes, I do. ( A little. / A3.现在进行时地构成和用法;lot. / Very much.)4动词 have 地用法;-No,Idont.(Idontlike5一般现在时构成和用法;them at all.)6可数名词和不可数名词地构成21.

20、-What does your mother和用法like?-Shelikesdumplingsandvegetables very much.22.-When do you go toschool【名师讲解】s all right./ All right.1. Thats right./ That精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 10 页,共 80 页That s right意为“对地”,表示赞同对方地意见、看法或行为,肯定对方地答案或判断; 例如:Ithinkwemust helpthe oldman.我想我们应该帮助这位老人;或 Youre right.说得对 ;Thats

21、 right.That s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”,用来回答对方地致谢或道歉;例如:Many thanks. Thats all right.Sorry. Its broken.Thats all right.意为“行了”、“可以”,表示同意对方地建议或要求;有All right.时还可以表示“身体很好”请把此事告诉我;Please tell me about it. All right.好吧; 你妈身体好吗Is your mother all right?2. make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做” ,但含义却不同,不能混用;make指做东西或制东西, do 指做一

22、件具体地事;Can you make a paper boatfor me?你能为我做个纸船吗?Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他地作业;3. say/speak/talk/tellsay:为最口语化地最普通地一个词,意为“说出”、“说道”,着重所说地话;如:“ I want to go there by bus”他说,“我要坐汽车, he said .精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 11 页,共 80 页到那里去;” Please say it in English .请用英语说;speak :“说话”,着重开口发声,不着重所说地内容,一般用作不

23、及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语);如:Canyou speak abouthim?你能不能说说他地情况?I don t like to speak like this.我不喜欢这样说话;speak作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇地能力;如: She speaks English well.她英语说得好;:与 speak意义相近,也着重说话地动作, 而不着重所说地话,talk因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,不过,talk暗示话为对某人说地,有较强地对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话;如:Iwould liketo.我想跟他谈那件事; Old womenliketalk

24、tohim about ittotalk老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈;with children.“告诉” , 除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语;如:He stell :他在给我讲故事;telling me a story.撒谎tell a lietell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth如: .Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking作“做饭”解,属泛指;特指某一顿饭do the cooking或某一家人地饭;cooking 为动名词,不

25、能用作复数,但前面可用some,much 修饰;从可引出许多类似地短语:do some cookingdo somewashing洗些衣服 do some shopping买些东西do some reading读精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 12 页,共 80 页书 do some writing写些东西 do some fishing钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用some, much 或定冠词;go shopping去买东西去钓鱼去划船go fishinggo boatinggoswimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do

26、sth.与意思相同,但用法有区别;like doing sth.like to do sth.前者强调一般性地爱好或者表示动作地习惯性和经常性;后来表示一次性和偶然性地动作;例如:buthe doesn tlikeHelikesplayingfootball,toplayfootball他喜欢踢足球,但为他不喜欢和李明踢;with Li Ming.6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余地,别地,如:你还Have you any other questions?有其他问题吗 ?others别地人,别地东西 . 如:Intheroomsomepeo

27、ple are American,在屋子里一些人为美国人, 其他地为法国人;the others are French.other表另一个(二者之中)one, the如: Oneoftheothermy我两two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.个哥哥中地一个学习英文, 另一个学中文;another表三者以上地另一个, 另一些如:There isroom foranother书架上还可以放点书;few books on the shelf.7. in the tree/ on the tree与 on the tree.译

28、成中文均为 在树上 但英语中有区in the tree精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 13 页,共 80 页别; inthetree表示某人、某事(不属于树本身生长出地别地东西)落在树上,表示树地枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时, 要使用 on thetree.如: There are someapples那棵树上有些苹果;on the tree.There那棵树上有只鸟;is a bird in the tree.8. some/ anysome和 any既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词;但有以下两点需要注意;(1)some 常用于肯定句中,any 常用于否定句和疑问句中;如:

29、There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in theglass?There isnt any water in the glass.(2) 在说话者希望得到肯定答复地一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请地疑问句中,我们依然用some;如: Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high(1) 说人,动物,树木等有生命地东西,主要用tall,不用 high ,例如 a tall woman一个高个子妇女一个高大地马a tall horse(2) 说一个不与地面接触地人和物地高时,要用high ,而不用,tal

30、l比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,例如:He ishighup inthe他高高地爬在树上;飞tree.The plane is so high in the sky.机在空中这么高;(3) 指建筑物、山时要或 high都可以,不过high地程度比talltall高;(4)high可作副词, tall不能;精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 14 页,共 80 页地反义词为地反义词为(5)tallshort, highlow.10. can/ could(1) can表示体力和脑力方面地能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作地 能力 ;例如:你会骑自行车吗 ?What can I do

31、 for you?要Can you ride a bike?帮忙吗? Can you make a cake?你会做蛋糕吗?(2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人地 怀疑 猜测 或不肯定;例如:Where can he be?他会在什么地方呢?Can the news be true?这个消息会为真地吗?already ?不可能已经六点钟了吧?Itsurelycantbe sixoclock, Tom, youve just had lunch.汤姆,You cant be hungry so soon你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午饭;What can he mean ?他会为什么

32、意思?在日常会话中, can 可代替 may表示 允许 , may比较正式;例如:你随时都可以来;You can come in any time.?我能用你地钢笔吗?,you- Can I use your pen- Of coursecan. 当然可以;You can have my seat ,Imgoingnow.我要走了,你坐我地座位吧;(3) couldcould为 can地过去式,表示过去有过地能力和可能性(在否定和疑问句中);例如:精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 15 页,共 80 页(能力)医生说他能帮助他;The doctor said he could h

33、elp him.(能力)当丽丽四Lily could swim when she was four years old.岁地时候她就会游泳;(可能性)那At that time we thought the story could be true.时我们以为所说地可能为真地;could可代替 can 表示现在时间地动作,但语气较为婉转;例如:, please ?我能和约翰说话吗?Could I speak to JohnCould you?在口语中表示请求对方做事;例如:Could you waithalfan hour ?请你等半个小时好吗?Could you please ring aga

34、in atsix ?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?(4) can地形式只有现在式can 和过去式 could两种形式;能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来;所有其他时态(包括将来时)须用加动词不定式来表示;be able to例如: They have not been able to come to Beijing.他们没有能到北京来;11. look for/ findfor意为“寻找”,而 find意为“找到,发现”,前者强调“找”look这一动作,并不注重“找”地结果,而后者则强调“找”地结果;例如: She cant find her ruler.她找不到她地尺子啦;, bu

35、t he can t find it.汤姆正在Tom is looking for his watch寻找他地手表,但没能找到;精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 16 页,共 80 页12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping表示动作,意思为“正在睡觉” ;be asleep表示状态,意思为“睡着了”;如: -What are the children doing in the room?孩子们在房间里做什么? -They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉;现在孩子们睡着了;The children are asleep now.13. of

36、ten/ usually/sometimesoften表示 经常 ,sometimes表示 有时候 ,在表示发生频率上often要高于 usually,usually要高于 sometimes;这三个词表示地为经常性,一般性地动作或情况,常与一般现在时连用,常位于主要谓语动词地前面,其他谓语动词(be动词,情态动词和助动词)地后面,有时也可位于句尾;如果要加强语气,则放在句首;school.我们通常放学后打篮球;Weusuallyplaybasketballafter有时,我睡觉很早;Sometimes I go to bed early.他经常在早晨读英语;He often reads En

37、glish in the morning.14. How much/ How manyhow much 常用来询问某一商品地价格,常见句式为How much is /are?这条裙子多少钱?How much is the skirt?How much are thebananas?这些香蕉多少钱?how much后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为“多少“,how many后加可数名词地复数形式;精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 17 页,共 80 页Howmuchmeat do you want?你要多少肉呀? Howmanystudentsare你们班有多少人?there in y

38、our class?15. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for表示 对有好处 ,而表示 对有害be bad for ; be good to表示 对友好 ,而 be bad to表示 对不好 ;be good at表示 擅长,在方面做得好 ,而 be bad at表示 在方面做得不好 ;如: Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你地眼睛有好处;吃地太多对你地身体Eating too much is bad for you health.有害;李老师对我们所有地人都很友Miss

39、Li is good to all of us.好;这个老板对他地工人不好;The boss is bad to his workers.李雷擅长画Li Lei is good at drawing, but Im bad at it.画,但为我不擅长;16. each/ everyeach和 every都有 每一个 地意思,但含义和用法不相同;each 从个体着眼, every从整体着眼;each可用于两者或两者以上,every只用于三者或三者以上;如: We each have a new book.我们每人各有一本新书;There are街地两旁有树;trees on each side

40、 of the street.精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 18 页,共 80 页每天早晨他都起得早;He gets up early every morning.each 可以用作形容词、 副词和代词; every只能用作形容词; 如:Eachown duty. 他们各人有各人地义务;ofthem has hisThey each want他们每个人都想做不同地事情;to do something different.17.一般现在时 / 现在进行时一般现在时表示经常性地或习惯性地动作或存在地状态,也表示说话者地能力, 还有自然现象; 而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生地动作(

41、构成方式为);am/is /are/+doing我在晚上做作业;I do my homework in the evening.Im doing myhomework now.我现在正在做作业;现在进行时常与或 Look, listennow, these days, at the moment等词连用;而一般现在时常与often,always,sometimes,usually,等连用;every day, in the morning, on Mondays我们经常放学后打扫We often clean the classroom after school.教室;看!他们正在打扫教室Loo

42、k! They are cleaning the classroom .呢;初二年级(上)【知识梳理】2. best wishesI.重点短语3. give a talk4. for example1. on time5. short for精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成第 19 页,共 80 页6. a waste of time27. on the left/right side7. go on a field trip28. next to8. go fishing29. up and down9. I agree30. keep healthy10. next week31. grow up11. the day after tomorrow32. at

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