《第十二讲虚拟语气时态专题学案--高考英语一轮复习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第十二讲虚拟语气时态专题学案--高考英语一轮复习.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、专题十三：虚拟语气时态请同学们观察句子，完成以下练习。第一组：陈述语气：陈述事实或说话人能够实现，可能性较大的看法或愿望。虚拟语气：表示所说的话不是事实，或不可能实现或与事实完全相反的主观想法或愿望。(1)Jack went to the theatre yesterday.（陈述昨天Jack去电影院的事实）(2)If the weather is fine, I will go to the theatre.（明天天气好我去电影院是能够实现，可能性较大的愿望）(3)If I were you, I would go to the theatre.（我不可能成为你，即不可能实现的事实）(4)I
2、 wish I had taken his advice.（与事实完全相反，事实是我没有听取他的建议）请同学们将以上四个句子按照陈述语气和虚拟语气分类，并说出依据。陈述语气:_; 虚拟语气：_.第二组：虚拟语气的时态(1) If the weather is fine, I will go to see a movie.（陈述语气）If I were a bird, I would be able to fly in the air.（虚拟语气）(2) I become college student last year. （陈述语气）If only we had been college s
3、tudents last year.（虚拟语气）同学们观察一下：虚拟语气的时态和陈述语气的时态有什么不一样呢？小结：虚拟语气的时态即将句子动词原本应该使用的时态往前退一步。即陈述语气 一般现在时 虚拟语气 一般过去时（虚拟语气be动词只有were形式） 陈述语气 一般过去时 虚拟语气 过去完成时基础篇练习：第一步：判断陈述语气和虚拟语气。第二步：确定时态。(1) If I _(be) you, I would wear a shirt and tie.(2) If there _(be) no water, there will be no living things on the earth
4、.(3) I have to hand in the homework right now, I wish I _(do)the homework already.(4) Look at the terrible situation. If only I _(follow) your advice.(5) I wish that I_(attend) the concert last night.(6) They _(learn) English for many years.(7) Mary _(visit) her grandparents last week.(8) Our school
5、 _(hold) a sports meeting in two days.易考考点：1. if引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气if假设的内容为不切实际，不可能实现或与事实完全相反的主观想法或愿望。if从句用相应的虚拟语气时态，主句时态跟着从句变。（1）现在的语境，if引导的从句虚拟语气用一般过去时，主句用would/could/should/might+V原形If I were a bird, I could fly. (if假设的内容不切实际，不可能实现，“我不可能称为一只鸟”。）If I had money with me , I could lend you some.（if假设的内容与事
6、实相反，事实是“没有钱”。）（2）过去的语境，if引导的从句虚拟语气用过去完成时had done，主句用现在完成时would/could/should/might+have done。含有表示对过去未完成某一动作的懊悔或遗憾之情。译为“要是（如果）当时就（好了）。”If I had got there earlier, I would have met her.（要是我之前我早到那儿，我就会见到她。）事实：没见到，去晚了。If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.（要是他听从我的建议的话，他就不会犯这样的错
7、误了。）事实：没听从建议，犯错误了。（3）将来的语境，if引导的从句虚拟语气用were to do/should+V原形/did（过去式），主句用would/could/should/might+V原形。含有对不可能发生的事情渴望能够发生的愿望，是一种可能性极低的设想或愿望。译为“要是（如果）就”将来的语境，if引导的从句虚拟语气时态有三种形式。分别是were to do, should+V原形,did（过去式）。If she were to come here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.（如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她
8、这件事的始末。）事实：来的可能性很小，不可能。If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.（如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。）事实：来的可能性很小，不可能。If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.（如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。）事实：下雪的可能性很小，不可能。附表格：if引导的非真实条件句中的虚拟语气句if条件从句时态主句时态与现在事实相反did（一般过去时）(be动词用were)would/could/should/might+V原与过去事实相
9、反had done（过去完成时）would/could/should/might+have done与将来事实相反did/were to do/should+V原三种形式可用，其中should不能省略would/could/should/might+V原2. if虚拟条件句的省略与倒装在含有were/should/had的if虚拟条件句中，省略if，并将were/should/had移到主语前。eg. (1) If I were you, I would help him.倒装：Were I you, I would help him.(2) If you had come earlier,y
10、ou would have met him.倒装：Had you come earlier, you would have met him.(3) If the sun should rise from the west, I would believe in you.倒装：Should the sun rise from the west, I would believe in you.3. 含蓄虚拟条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。(1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have t
11、aken part in the sports meeting.If I had not been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(2) He telephoned to tell me of this, or I would have known nothing about it.If he hadnt telephoned to tell me of this, I would have known nothing about it.(3) Everything taken into consider
12、ation, they would have succeeded.If everything had been taken into consideration, they would have succeeded.(4) We would not have finished the work ahead of time without your help.If you hadnt helped us, we would not have finished the work ahead of time.(5) Without water, there would be no life.If t
13、here were no water, there would be no life.小结：含蓄条件句的常见词without, but for（要不是）,otherwise（否则），given,provided（假如）等，它们表示的虚拟条件句都可以用if从句替换。练习：(1) But for their help, we could not _(finish) the program in time.解析：If they hadnt help, we could not have finished the program in time.（对过去的虚拟）答案：have finished(2)
14、Without the leadership of the Party, there _(be)no New China.解析：If there were no leadership of the Party, there would be no New China.（对现在的虚拟）答案：would be(3) We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _(visit) more places of interest yesterday.解析：If we hadnt lost our way in that small villag
15、e,we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.（对过去的虚拟）答案：would have visited4. if虚拟语气错综时间条件句：即主句和从句虚拟的语境不一致(1) If you had followed the teachers advice, you would not in the hospital now.解析：if从句是对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反，因此用过去完成时。 主句是对现在的虚拟，与现在事实相反，因此用would/could/should/might do形式。(2) If I were you,
16、I would have gone to birthday party then.解析：if从句是对现在的虚拟，与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。 主句是对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反，因此用would/could/should/might have done形式。(3) 如果我们早点来商场，我们那时候就能拿到更多的礼物。解析：If从句应是对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反，意为当时我们早点去了商场。主句“那时候”是对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反。答案：If we had arrived at the shopping mall earlier, we would have got more gifts
17、 at that time.(4) 如果我们早点来商场，我们现在就可能拿到更多的礼物。解析：If从句应是对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反，意为当时我们早点去了商场。主句“现在”是对现在的虚拟，与现在事实相反。答案：If we had arrived at the shopping mall earlier, we could get more gifts now.5. if错综时间条件句，虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织这需要同学们仔细辨别，哪句话是虚拟语气，哪句话是客观事实。能够发生的，陈述事实的用陈述语气；不可能发生的或与事实相反的用虚拟语气。eg.He could have passed the
18、exam, but he wasnt careful enough.解析：He could have passed the exam这句话采用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，事实是“他没有通过考试”。but he wasnt careful enough这句话采用陈述语气，陈述他不够细心的事实。练习：(1) They might _(leave) earlier, but the car wasnt ready.解析：but the car wasnt ready用陈述语气，陈述事实“还没准备好车”。前一句意为“也许他们本能早点离开”是虚拟语气，对过去事实的虚拟，与过去事实相反，即他们很晚离开。答案
19、：have left(2) We could have walked to the station; it was so near.Yes. A taxi _(be) not at all necessary.解析：we could have walked to the station用虚拟语气，即对过去事实的虚拟，意为“我们本可以走路去车站的”。答句“坐计程车一点都没有必要”，陈述事实，用陈述语气。答案：was 6. 主语从句（it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句）的虚拟语气it is +adj+that (should)+V原形it is+n+that (should)+V原形(a p
20、ity/ shame/no wonder)eg.(1)Its vital that you (should) make a decision right now.(2)Its necessary that all of us (should) take immediate action right now.(3)It is a pity that he (should) fail in the exam.7. 宾语从句的虚拟语气表建议、命令、要求、敦促、坚持、打算等动词后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气 (should)+V原形一坚持insist 一敦促 urge 二命令 order c
21、ommand 二打算 intend desire三建议 advise suggest recommend四要求 ask demand require request that+(should)+V原形eg. (1) We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.(2) We insisted that they (should) go with us.(3) The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.(4) He demanded that we (should)
22、start right away.(5) The commander required that the bridge (should) be bombed.(6) The villagers requested that the old building (should) not be pulled down.变式：当表建议、命令、要求、敦促、坚持、打算等含义的名词用于主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中时，从句中的动词也一律用虚拟语气，即that+(should)+V原形建议：advice, suggestion, recommendation，proposal要求：request, requ
23、irement命令：order,instruction打算想法决定：plan, decision,wish, ideaeg.主语从句：(1) It is suggested that we (should) practise speaking English everyday.(2) It is ordered that everybody (should) not take phones to school.同位语从句：(1) We followed his advice that we (should) ask our teacher for help.(2) He told us the
24、 idea that he (should) go to university.表语从句：(3) His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.(4) Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown.8. wish的宾语从句虚拟语气eg.(1) How I wish I were a bird. (be) (2) I wish I knew everything in the world.(know)(3) She wished s
25、he had stayed at home.(stay)(4) How I wish I could walk on the moon some day.(walk)小结：与现在事实相反（表达现在的愿望） wish that did (be-were)I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming.与过去事实相反（表达过去的愿望，常带有后悔遗憾的语气） wish that had done I wish I hadnt eaten so much watermelon at that time.与将来事实相反wish that would/could/might d
26、o （注意:wish从句虚拟语气不能用should do)I wish it would rain tomorrow.9. It is (high/about) time that 定语从句It is (high/about) time that did/should+V原形 早该做某事了should不可省略eg.(1) Its time that I went/should go to pick up my daughter at school. (go)(2) Its high time that you took/should take action right now. (take)1
27、0. if only从句虚拟语气（与wish宾语从句虚拟语气用法一致）常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。用于难以实现的愿望或后悔没做成事情的遗憾。译为“但愿；要是就好了”。only用来加强if语气。(1) If only I were better looking. (be)(2) If only I had taken his advice at that time. (take)(3) If only she would pass the English examination. (pass)与现在事实相反（表达现在的愿望） if only did (be-were)If only I wer
28、e a bird.与过去事实相反（表达过去的愿望，常带有后悔遗憾的语气） if only had done If only we had got up earlier.与将来事实相反if only would/could do If only she would go with me.only if只有才（主句倒装，从句不倒装）Only if you work hard can you get a good job.Only if a teacher has given a permission is a student allowed to enter the room.11. as if/
29、though 虚拟语气(1) The teacher treats me as if I were her own child. (be)(2) He pretended as if nothing had happened. (happen)(3) She opens her mouth as if she would say something. (say)小结：与现在事实相反（表达现在的愿望） as if did (be-were)与过去事实相反（表达过去的愿望，常带有后悔遗憾的语气） as if had done 与将来事实相反as if would/could do 若从句表示内容为
30、事实或很有可能发生的事实，用陈述语气。It looks as if we will be late.（迟到的可能性很大）The dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.（下雨的可能性很大）12. would rather/had rather从句虚拟语气，表示对现在将来（难以实现）的愿望，对过去动作的后悔遗憾。译为“但愿；宁愿”。(1) Id rather she began to do the work now. (begin) 但愿他现在就做这项工作。(2) Id rather you met her at
31、 the airport tomorrow morning. (meet) 我但愿你明天早上能在机场看到他。(3) Id rather you just stayed in bed and didnt do anything for at least three weeks.(4) Id rather I had not told you the news that day.(tell) 我真希望那天我没有把消息告诉你。小结：表现在和将来（难以实现的）愿望 would rather/had rather did (be-were)表对过去动作的后悔遗憾 （与过去事实相反）would rathe
32、r/had rather had done13. but for（要不是）/without（没有）/otherwise（否则；要不然） 虚拟语气(1) But for mobile phones, our communication couldnt be so fast and convenient.(2) Without air, man couldnt exist on the earth.(3) But for his help, we couldnt have rent a house at such a low price.(4) Without your timely help,
33、I might have failed.(5) Im lucky that Im interested in school work, other wise I would go mad.(6) We didnt know you are in trouble, otherwise we would have given you a hand.小结：but for/without/otherwise 虚拟语气用法一致要不是/没有就与现在事实相反 but for/without might/could/would(not) do sth 与过去事实相反 but for/without might
34、/could/woud(not) have done14. 虚拟语气固定句型(1) neednt have done 过去不必做，事实上做了didnt need to do过去不必做，事实上也没做(2) should have done 本应该做而没做(3) shouldnt have done本不该做而做了(4) could have done本可以做而没做(5) couldnt have done表推测，过去不可能做了某事(6) must have done表推测，过去一定做了某事(7) might have done表推测，过去也许做了某事虚拟语气综合练习：同学们，不用担心，在高考中虚拟
35、语气的考查不是高频考点!同学们掌握最基本的虚拟语气时态就行啦！做题时多理解消化！不难哦！(1) Its time that we _(go) to bed.(2) If my lawyer had been here last Sunday, he _(prevent) me from going.(3) If he were to come tomorrow, things _(become) easier.(4) If only he _(lie)quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.(5) Wi
36、thout electricity, human life _(be) quite different today.(6) I wish I _(see) you yesterday.(7) It was requested that the play _(perform) again.(8) It is necessary that he _(come) to the lab right now.(9) She talked about the film as if she _(watch) it.(10) I would rather nothing _(happen) in the pa
37、st.(11) We demanded that we _(tell) about any change in the plan.(12) How I wish every family _(have) a large house with a beautiful garden.(13) If there _(be) no air, people would die.(14) I would have gone to the meeting if I _(have) time.(15) He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _(come) to the meeting.(16) The professor gave the order that the test _(finish)before 5:30.学科网（北京）股份有限公司