《高三英语二轮复习：自然科技阅读专题训练.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高三英语二轮复习：自然科技阅读专题训练.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、高三英语二轮复习： 自然科技阅读专题AAs new year approaches, crowds around the world may be expecting fireworks to light up the sky. But the fireworks could finally lose their appeal with the growing use of drones (无人机) for light shows. One obvious example was drone light show in the opening ceremony of Tokyo Olympic
2、s.Ollie Howitt, a technician at SkyMagic, which used 300 drones to create a display for Londons new year celebration, said demand had increased substantially. She added that drones were increasingly able to fly in greater density and for longer. Howitt also said there were benefits of drones, “They
3、give out no pollutants, theyre reusable, and theres no fallout or that kind of thing. So in that sense they are a very sensible choice.”Robert Neff, the general manager at Mercia Harbor, also said the decision to use a drone display at the harbor was down to a number of factors, including the impact
4、 of fireworks on animals from wildlife to the pets of boat owners. “Theyve often commented on how much suffering is caused to their pets by the fireworks,” he said.But not everyone agrees. Hans Rosling, a spokesperson from the British Fireworks Association said drones could also pose environmental p
5、roblems. “Suggestions are that drones have less of an impact on the environment, but we have concerns about electrical demand and use of lithium (锂) batteries which are known not to be all that green,” he said. “The impact of firework use on the environment has been shown to be minor and very short-
6、lived and recent studies have suggested that there is likely to be more pollution from a couple of cars driving to an event than caused by fireworks at an event.”And there are issues with drone light displays, which need to receive specific safety approval from certain authorities. Some suggest the
7、use of drones doesnt mean shutting off fireworks. The bangs of fireworks create a sound feeling that is hard to replace. Meanwhile, others prefer the chance to tell stories in the sky by using a series of image.1. Why does the writer talk about the Tokyo Olympics in Para 1?A. To attract readers atte
8、ntion to the Olympics.B. To advocate setting off fireworks in the new year.C. To introduce the popular use of drones for light shows.D. To highlight peoples celebration of this opening ceremony.2. What did Ollie Howitt think of drone displays?A. They bring environmental problems. B. They cause littl
9、e suffering to the pets.C. They add color to the new year celebration. D. They are economical and environmentally-friendly.3. Which of the following did Hans Rosling agree with?A. Firework displays last shorter than drone displays.B. The pollution from fireworks isnt as much as people think.C. Drone
10、s have less impact on the environment than fireworks.D. People should abandon the drone displays because of lithium batteries.4. What are peoples attitudes towards drone light displays?A. Controversial.B. Favorable.C. Cautious.D. Neutral. BAlthough there are filters (滤镜) which can change digital pho
11、tographs to make them similar to a painting, obvious differences still exist. A brand-new painting AI has been made public recently. Much like the pupils of the old masters, the new AI studies the works of great painters like Vermeer and Van Gogh and learns to reproduce their works. The AI, named Pa
12、intBot, is the creation of a team of researchers from the University of Maryland, the Bytedance AI Lab and Adobe Research. PaintBot can not only reproduce the works of different artists but create new works based on photographs in the chosen painters characteristic style. To train the AI to imitate(
13、模仿) a given artists technique, the researchers would present it with between 3 and 10 reference paintings. With each reference painting it studies, the AI gradually learns to recognize the various characteristics of the given artists technique, including the stroke(笔画) colour, position and size alon
14、g with the order in which each brushstroke should be made. PaintBot uses a technique known as reinforcement learning (强化学习). During the learning process, the AI would practice reproducing reference paintings, which it would then compare with the original work to see how similar the two were and if i
15、t was improving its imitation of the artists style. It takes around six hours for the AI to learn to imitate a given painter. Once the AI has mastered a particular artists technique, the researchers could present it with a new image to reproduce in the same style. The AI then uses what it has learnt
16、 to produce a new painting, putting down each brushstroke one at a time. After being trained in a given style, PaintBot takes only around five minutes to produce each of its digital masterpieces. The way that PaintBots compositions are built up from thousands of individual brushstrokes makes the AIs
17、 works more realistic than those online filters.5. What does the author say about filters used to change digital photos?A. They do amazing work.B. They are out of date.C. They have different uses.D. They are not good enough.6. What does PaintBot need to do first before imitating a certain artists pa
18、inting?A. Learn the artists techniques.B. Recognize the value of the painting.C. Compare the painting with other works.D. Understand the artists family background.7. How does PaintBot create works?A. It follows the given style.B. It learns from the researchers.C. It just imitates the reference paint
19、ings.D. It mixes techniques of different artists.8. Which of the following best describes PaintBots paintings according to the author?A. Popular.B. Valuable.C. Advanced.D. Lifelike.CAnimals perform tasks that their bodies are well designed for. Thats because their intelligence evolved (进化) with thei
20、r physical form as they interacted with the environment. Artificial intelligence is smart as well but it doesnt have a body. Agrim Gupta of Stanford University and his colleagues wondered: Does having bodies matter for the evolution of intelligence? To answer it, they created a virtual robot named “
21、unimal” and studied how having virtual bodies affected the evolution of the unimals intelligence. Unimals are pretty simple with balls for heads and cylinders for arms and legs. The test environments came in three varieties: flat areas, areas filled with hills, steps and broken stones, and areas tha
22、t had the complexities of the second sort, but with added objects that unimals need to move to a target location. At first, the unimals were in random shapes, but with identical software running them. In groups of four, Dr Gupta put them through tests of agility, stability, and ability to control ob
23、jects. Then each groups winner was allowed to give birth to a daughter with one mutation (变异), for example, an extra leg for stability. This daughter was sent to a new group to be tested. The process repeated and the test ended after ten generations of evolution. The diversity of the unimals shapes
24、that evolved surprised the team. Some had arms as well as legs while others had only legs. Crucially, though, the researchers found the most successful unimals, which evolved in the toughest environment, learned tasks faster and better than their ancestors. This consists with the Baldwin effect, whi
25、ch suggests that minds evolve to make best use of the morphologies (形态) of the bodies they find themselves in. Its believed that the result will provide insights for developing robots that can learn to perform multiple tasks in the real world.9. What did Agrim Guptas team study?A. How animals perfor
26、m tasks.B. How unimals are created randomly.C. How animals interact with the environment.D. How having virtual bodies influences AI evolution.10. What makes the third test environment the toughest?A. Stones to be picked.B. More steps to be counted.C. Objects to be moved.D. Higher hills to be climbed
27、.11. Whats Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. The test procedure.B. The running software.C. The unimals varieties.D. The winners mutations.12. Why is the Baldwin effect mentioned in Paragraph 5?A. To compare different discoveries.B. To explain the concept of morphology.C. To support the result of Guptas st
28、udy.D. To introduce a new way to develop robots.DResearchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has helped them walk again. The lower bodies of the three patients were left paralyzed after they suffered spinal (脊柱的) cord injuries. But a device implanted in the spinal cord
29、 was able to send electrical signals to the muscles to permit them to stand, walk and exercise.Scientists have discovered that neuronswhich receive and send signals for muscle movementsoften still work in injured patients with serious spinal cord injuries. However, past research into spinal cord inj
30、uries has centered on the stimulation of neurons. Now in the latest experiment led by Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed to copy an action of the brain, in which it sends s
31、ignals to the spinal cord that result in muscle movement. When the spinal cord receives the brain signals, it stimulates a collection of nerve cells that can activate different muscles.The researchers reported that all three patients who got the spinal cord implants were able to take their first ste
32、ps within an hour after receiving them. Over the next six months, the patients regained the ability to take part in more advanced walking activities, the study found. They were also able to ride bicycles and swim in community settings.Unlike other attempts to help paralyzed patients walk by stimulat
33、ing nerves through the back of the spine, Courtine said that his team redesigned the devices so signals would enter the spine from the sides. This method permits more direct targeting and activation of spinal cord areas, he said.The team then developed artificial intelligence (AI) systems linked to
34、the device. The AI controls electrodes on the device to send signals to stimulate individual nerves that control muscles needed for walking and other activities. However, because the patients muscles were weak from not being used, they needed help with supporting their weight, the researchers said.
35、It also took some time for them to learn to work with the technology. Still, Bloch said, “The more they train, the more they start lifting their muscles, the more fluid it becomes.”13. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A. Courtine and Bloch have found that neurons in paralyzed patients still wor
36、k.B. The new electrical device can imitate the brain to send signals to the spinal cord.C. Three paralyzed men recovered with the help of a new electrical device.D. Stimulating the neurons is the focus of the latest research into spinal cord injuries.14. How does the new device stimulate the spinal
37、cord areas more directly?A. By stimulating nerves through the back of the spine.B. By using the AI system.C. By making signals enter the spine from the sides.D. By sending the signals to the brain.15. Which can best describe Blochs idea in the last paragraph?A. Every garden has its weeds.B. Put the
38、cart (运货马车) before the horse.C. Its hard to please all.D. Practice makes perfect.16. What is the purpose of this text?A. To report the consequence of spinal cord injuries.B. To introduce the findings of a recent research.C. To compare a recent research with other previous researches.D. To recommend
39、a treatment for paralyzed patients. ENow a group of Italians have created the worlds first underwater garden for terrestrial plants. Called Nemos Garden, the project was launched by the Ocean Reef Group as a means to experiment with food supply diversity, should climatic changes make parts of Italy
40、too dry to farm. The large self-sustaining, totally-contained biospheres would in theory be scalable, and perhaps in the future might look like the underwater city from Star Wars: The Phantom Menace.The challenge existing in growing plants underwater, given that they are normally at home in soil, wa
41、s but one obstacle Nemo has had to overcome. The six air-filled greenhouses suffered major storm damage in October 2019, and before they could be fully repaired, COVID-19 (新冠病毒) had all the researchers sheltering in place.Yet the team never gave up hope, as Euronews reports, and the months of abando
42、nment did not harm the facility in any way. June 6th saw the garden fully-operational again, including their live stream where one can watch the plants grow. The biospheres (生物圏), which sit eight meters under the surface off the coast of Noli in Liguria, use solar energy for their minimal electrical
43、 needs, and evaporated seawater condenses (凝结) on the glass of the ceiling which waters the plants. A diver swims under and up into the air pocket of the pod to harvest whats ready to eat.The project website says that increased pressure like that found under the ocean is actually beneficial to the s
44、peed at which plants can come up, though they admit very little research has been published on the topicafter all, not so many people are currently trying to grow strawberries underwater.The conditions create a really intense flavor in the vegetables, and also allow the plants environment to be comp
45、letely controlled, with nothing impacting their life dial the growers dont want. For now Nemos Garden is essentially a research lab, but if the idea were expanded, its expected to be able to keep food security for the peninsula, and the world.17. Why was Star Wars: The Phantom, Menace mentioned?A. T
46、o stress it is known to the world.B. To prove it has becomes a popular destination.C. To illustrate it is the first existing underwater city.D. To explain Nemos Garden has similarities with the underwater city.18. What might be the difficulty in growing underwater plants according to Paragraph 2?A.
47、COVID-19.B. Broken greenhouses.C. Frequent storms.D. Shortage of soil.19. Which word can best describe the group of Italians taking up Nemos Garden?A. Strong-willed.B. Self-confident.C. Open-minded.D. Well-paid.20. What is the effect of increased stress on plants?A. It helps them sell well.B. It con
48、tributes to good taste.C. It promotes their growth.D. It increases growing period. FIt has been known for a long time that obesity tends to run in families, but it was not until about 20 years ago that scientists started to discover that changes in specific genes can have very large impacts on our weight even from early childhood.One of these genes MC4R makes a protein that is produced in the brain where it sends signa