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1、人教版英语高一下期末复习说明文阅读理解练习（带答案）一Kids ages 6 to 13 in Cape Town, South Africa, really do dig learning at school! With the help of the Earthchild Project, which is offered in schools in two townships, students make worm(蠕虫) farms. The worms break down food waste and make the soil richer. Kids grow seedling
2、s(幼苗) in containers and learn about the importance of good nutrition.The school program also offers yoga(瑜伽). Teachers find that the exercises help students focus better. The students enjoy Earthchild activities. “The children gets so excited”, says teacher Vuyelwa Rola.“The society we are in has a
3、lot of noise. When students are taking part in the Earthchild Project, they feel calm.”Director Janna Kretzmar came up with the idea for the project in 2005. She read about schools in India that involved kids in yoga and learning outside the classroom. She developed the Earthchild Project to offer s
4、imilar activities in Cape Town schools.“We hope the Earthchild Project can help students find solutions to all the challenges they are facing in the world today,” Kretzmar said. “The best place to create change is with the youth, through education.”The Earthchild Project combines schoolwork with hik
5、ing, gardening, healthy living, and yoga. “We need more than just math and science to become happy, healthy, inspired, and active citizens of our communities,” says Kretzmar.In some communities in Cape Town, children live in poverty. They must walk long distances to get clean drinking water. Life is
6、 hard. But according to the Earthchild Projects Carly Appleby, the project works to give hope to every child. “Students who have hope,” she says, “aim for bigger goals”. 1. What do students benefit from yoga?A. It helps them calm down.B. It helps them concentrate.C. They can learn some living skills
7、.D. They can learn about the importance of nutrition.2. What are students attitude towards the Earthchild Project?A. Uncaring.B. Doubtful.C. Supportive.D. Negative.3. What do you know about the Earthchild Project?A. It was founded in 2005.B. It only offers outside activities.C. The idea came up by V
8、uyelwa Rola.D. It is aimed at helping students find solutions to challenges.4. Whats the best title of the passage?A. Hard Life in South Africa.B. Students school life in Cape Town.C. Hope from Earthchild Project in Cape Town.D. The differences between traditional lessons and Earthchild Project.二Blo
9、od donations save lives. But blood can only be stored under refrigeration (冷藏) for up to six weeks. After that, its no longer usable for transfusions(输血).“Because of that limitation, people have to continually donate blood to meet the needs. But also, in places where refrigeration may not be availab
10、le, that can also be a challenge. Its difficult to have blood available when needed.” University of Louisville bioengineer Jonathan Kopechek says. He also says disruptions to regular blood donations due to COVID-19 have put stress on the blood supply, and COVID-19 strengthens the need for more relia
11、ble long-term storage methods.But its pretty rare because of all the challenges and complexities with that process. Instead Kopecheks team has developed a method of preserving blood so it can be stored in a dehydrated(脱水的) state at room temperature. To do so, they turned to an unusual preservative(防
12、腐剂): a sugar called trehalose, which is a common ingredient(成分) in donuts（甜甜圈）to help make them look fresh even when they might be months old, and people wouldnt know the difference.At that point, the blood could be dried and made into a powder(粉末). And then we can rehydrate(再水化) the blood and have
13、it return back to normal. The team is still trying to improve yields but thinks the dried blood could be stored at room temperature for years. Kopechek says the technique could be ready for clinical trials in three to five years. If successful, it could be used to create stores of dried blood in cas
14、e of future pandemics or natural disasters, and for first aid work, military operations or even missions to Mars. Maybe first aid kits on the Red Planet will include dried red blood cells. 1. Why we need a more reliable method to preserve blood?A. Refrigeration cant be afforded.B. The cost to store
15、blood is very high.C. People cant donate their blood for COVID-19.D. Blood can only be stored under refrigeration for a short time.2. What makes the food or blood look fresh?A. Trehalose.B. Donuts.C. Powder.D. The new technique.3. What can we know about the technique?A. It is successful now.B. It ha
16、s been put into use.C. It will be widely used.D. It has been researched for 3 to 4 years.4. What is the text mainly about?A. How to store blood.B. Shortage of refrigeration .C. A new technique of storing blood.D. A new technique used in many fields.三Theres nothing better than a walk in the countrysi
17、de for lifting our spiritsConnecting with nature has been provento help our mental healthFor some, the best medicine is to take a walk through a forest, but as we admire the trees that surround us, its worth knowing these trees are doing more than just being nice things to look atWere already aware
18、of the healing properties (特性) of treesthey produce oxygen and clean the air we breathe byabsorbing about a quarter of all human-caused carbon dioxide emissionsBut theres more to these impressive forms of plants than we might thinkResearchers have discovered evidence that proves they are actually cl
19、everIts thought that trees talk and share resources right under our feet, using a fungal (真菌) networkUnder the groundare tree roots, and “communication” among them, along with bacteria, are thousands of superfine hyphae (菌丝)And research has shown that they are all interconnected (相互联系)They can help
20、each other by sharing nutrients, and they can even warn of approaching threatsScientists say its like the trees are talking to one anotherEcologist Suzanne Simard has called this network the Wood Wide WebShe discovered that parent trees use thisnetwork to help their offspringSpeaking to the BBC, she
21、 said: “We found that the parent trees would favour those seedlings (幼苗) that were of their own kind” by sending them more nutrientsShe also found that trees are smart enough to change their behaviour and have managed to adapt and survive in a changing environmentSo it seems trees really are the sta
22、rs of our natural world, and with around three trillion of them on our planet, itstime to show them some respect if we want them to flourish1How do trees help improve the air quality?ABy taking in carbon dioxide emissions BBy taking on a nice and clean lookCBy share resources right under the ground
23、DBy communicating with each other2What is the key to the interconnection of trees?ARoots BSunshine CHyphae Dnutrients3What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 4mean?AFriends BSisters CNeighbors DChildren4Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AHow Trees Help BIn
24、telligent TreesCStars of Our Natural World DProperties of Trees四Suppose you become a leader in an organization. Its very likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps thei
25、r interest in the work.Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to create various experiences, and to strengthen social re
26、lationships. Therefore, to select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.A few people also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately,
27、 these programs can shift peoples wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because its important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because Im required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future.Once people begin to vol
28、unteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? After following 238 volunteers in Florida over a year, one study found that one of the most important factors influencing their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. The re
29、sult leads to important practical advice attention should be given to “training that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problems they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual diff
30、erences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. The assumption was supported by the result, which once ag
31、ain leads to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.”1. People volunteer mainly out o
32、f _.A. academic requirementsB. social expectationsC. financial rewardsD. internal needs2. What can we learn from the Florida study?A. Follow-up studies should last for one year.B. Strategy training is a must in research.C. Training to get volunteers prepared is necessary.D. Volunteers are provided w
33、ith concrete advice.3. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?A. Individual differences in role identity.B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.C. Role identity as a volunteer.D. Practical advice from researchers.4. What is the best title of the passage?A. How to Get
34、People to VolunteerB. How to Study Volunteer BehaviorsC. How to Keep Volunteers InterestD. How to Organize Volunteer Activities五The childrens clothing section at Uniqlo in China has gained unexpected new customers: adult women, who pose for dressing-room selfies in childrens T-shirts from the Japane
35、se fashion giant. This fashionable trend has aroused a heated debate on the Internet about whether it promotes body shaming.On Weibo where “Adult tries on Uniqlo Childrens clothing” has been viewed 680 million times, criticism is divided into groups between those who object to the unrealistic beauty
36、 standards that the challenge promotes and those who express the more practical concern that women are stretching out the clothes and making them not suitable for sale.The challenge has been labeled as the latest edition of “BM style” in fashion trend, a type of fashion recently popularized by the p
37、opular Italian brand Brandy Melville, which is youthful, casual and, above all, thin (its stores carry out only one size: extra small).Similar online challenges have gone viral on Chinese social media before. In 2016, womenand even some menall posed with their waists behind a sheet of A4 paper going
38、 straight up to show the fact that they were “paper thin” in their WeChat Moments.Jia Tan, an assistant professor in cultural studies from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, said that the clothing industry is a most important driver of what is considered “standard” sizing.“I think we need to first
39、 question the tremendous social pressure on women, and why the clothing industries can have so much power in standardizing how we look, before we point out fingers on those adult women who show off in childrens sizes,” Tan said.1. Whats the peoples attitude towards the new customer on Weibo?A. Favor
40、able.B. Concerned.C. Disapproving.D. Mixed.2. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Gain popularity.B. Show off.C. Get through.D. Go standard.3. What do Jia Tans words tell us?A. The whole society has shown off in childrens sizes.B. We cant just blame the adult women wearing children
41、clothing.C. The social pressure makes clothing industry standardize our look.D. Only the clothing industry is responsible for the standard sizing.4. Whats main idea of the whole passage?A. Online challenges of paper-thin figure lead to body-shaming concerns.B. Criticisms of adults trying on Uniqlo c
42、hildrens clothing are raised.C. The trend of women posing in childrens clothing attracts wide attention.D. The clothing industry plays a significant role in driving the standard sizing of women.六It may come as a surprise that human beings are not alone in inventing vaccine. Work published in the Jou
43、rnal of Experimental Biology by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois, confirms that honeybees got there first.The scientists discovered in 2015, that queen bees vaccinate their eggs before they are laid. The vaccine is some pieces of proteins from diseasing-causing pathogens. They act as antig
44、ens which cause a protective immune response. But it raised the question: how the queen received her antigen? For she is fed purely on royal jelly, a thing produced by nurse bees. Meanwhile, work bees fly out looking for food to feed nurse bees. Dr Harwood therefore wondered if the nurses received t
45、he pathogens while eating the food from the outside, and then got them into their royal jelly, as the queens food at last.To find the answer, DrHarwood collected 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini boxes equipped with baby bees to look after. They fed the nurses on sugar-water,
46、and for three of the boxes he placed Paenibacillus, a bacterium causing young bees death.In this case, Dr Harwood marked the dead bacteria with a color, to make their footprint easy to track. And, sure enough, microscope confirmed that pieces of Paenibacillus were getting into royal jelly produced b
47、y those bees which had been fed with sugar-water, which is thought to help bee develop immune system.All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, via their royal jelly, passing antigens on to the queen for transferring into her eggs. They also mean, because baby bees, too, receive ro
48、yal jelly for the first few days after the birth, that the nurses are vaccinating the baby bees as well. Each baby bee is therefore being vaccinated twice.1. What did Dr. Harwood want to prove in Para 2?A. What causes an immune response.B. Whether the nurses brought in the antigen.C. Why honeybees have strong immune system.D. How the queen got the antigen.2. How did Dr Harwood confirm his idea?A. By tracking the colored bacteria.B. By comparing the boxes.C. By dividing the nurse bees.D. By fe