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1、语法填空考点知识梳理题型解读一篇200字左右的短文中留出10个空白，要求学生根据上下文情境，在空白处填入适当的内容或所提供单词的正确形式。语法填空题考查学生在篇章层面上理解并应用语法知识的能力。该题型要求学生必须具备较好的语法分析能力，而不只是语法辨析能力，其着重点是学生的语法基础知识和应用能力。学生必须既考虑句子结构的语法性，又顾及上下文的连贯。命题特点考查内容：有给提示词和不给提示词两种形式。给出提示词的考查点包括：词形的转换，如名词与动词的转换、形容词与副词的转换、名词与形容词的转换、动词与形容词的转换；形容词或副词比较级与最高级的变化；名词单复数的变化；动词的时态、语态以及词形的变化。
2、不给出提示词的考查点包括：根据上下文的语境填入冠词、代词、连词、介词、副词、情态动词、助动词、特殊疑问词、关系词等。特点：给出提示词的空较多(47个) ；考查词形变化的空偏多，并且未给出提示词的空有填实词的情况；每空所填不超过3个单词。文章的首句和末句一般不留空格， 至少第一句话是完整的， 这样学生可以大体了解文章内容，把握作者的写作风格。文章中的人名、地名等专有名词，以及日期、数字等是不作为考点的，因为这类信息如果只在文章中出现一次，学生是无法根据语言线索或其他线索填出的。语法填空不以学生常犯的语法错误作为干扰项，因为该题型主要测试学生的语篇应用能力，而将“偏”“难”“怪” 的语法现象编成干
3、扰项与文章理解没有直接关系，偏离了测试目标。【语法特点】实词以考查动词、代词、形容词、副词为主，其中动词又是重中之重；虚词以考查介词、冠词、连词为主。而句法方面主要考查复合句的引导词，如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。练习5For the first time in history, earthlings can hear what a black hole sounds like: a low-pitched groaning, as if a very creaky heavy door was being opened again and again.NASA 1 (release) a
4、 35-second audio clip of the sound earlier this month using electromagnetic data picked from the Perseus Galaxy Cluster, some 240 million light-years away.The data 2 (sit) around since it was gathered nearly 20 years ago by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The decision to turn 3 into sound came only r
5、ecently, as part of NASAs effort over the past two years to translate its stunning space photography into something 4 could be appreciated by the ear.I started out the first 10 years of my career really paying attention to only the visual, and just realized that I 5 (do) a complete disservice to peo
6、ple who were either not visual learners or for people 6 are blind or low-vision, NASA visual 7 (science) Kimberly Arcand told NPR in an interview with Weekend Edition.While the Perseus audio tries to replicate 8 a black hole actually sounds like, Arcands other sonifications are more or less 9 (creat
7、e) renditions of images. In those imaginative interpretations, each type of material gaseous cloud or star gets a different sound; elements near the top of images sound 10 (high) in tone; brighter spots are louder.练习6In some places, nights are warming faster than days thanks to climate change.And no
8、w, scientists believe theres a correlation between hotter weather and poorer sleep in areas 1 the world, according to a new study.Scientists in Denmark analyzed anonymized data from tens of thousands of smart watches and wristbands from around the world. They matched data about 2 people fell asleep
9、and woke up with information about the local weather. They 3 (find) that when its hotter overnight, people have more trouble falling asleep.The study 4 (publish) in One Earth notes that skin and core body 5 (temperature) become more sensitive to 6 (environment) temperatures during sleep.The 7 (resea
10、rch) say the effect of hotter temperatures on sleep is felt 8 (equal). Older people (whose bodies dont produce enough sweat to cool their bodies), residents in lower-income countries, women, and people living in already-hot-climates feel the impact more, they say.Scientists have found that climate c
11、hange both intensifies 9 drives up the likelihood of heatwaves and other types of extreme weather. Climate scientists expect this to worsen as humans continue 10 (release) heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere.练习7Tens of thousands of lives 1 (save) every year in the United States if common air pol
12、lution from burning fossil fuels 2 (eliminate), according to a new study. The research underscores the huge health benefits of moving away from coal, oil and gasoline.Using data from the Environmental Protection Agency, researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison estimate 3 about 50,000 prema
13、ture deaths would be avoided every year if microscopic air pollutants 4 (call) particulates were eliminated in the U.S.These particles get deep into the lungs and cause both respiratory and cardiac ailments, says Jonathan Patz, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and one of 5 authors
14、of the study. They are pretty much the worst pollutant when it comes 6 mortality and hospitalization.Premature death and 7 (hospitalize) are also extremely expensive for the U.S. economy. The study estimates that eliminating such air pollution would save about $600 billion each year.Burning fossil f
15、uels are a main source of fine particulate 8 (pollute) in the U.S. The new study is the latest 9 (remind) that climate change and public health are intimately related, and that cutting greenhouse gas emissions doesnt just reduce long-term risk from global warming; it can save lives immediately 10 cu
16、tting pollution.练习8Air quality in much of the U.S is better than the 1 (globe) average. But the remaining pollution is still 2 (dead), especially to those living in hotspots next to factories, power plants and highways. That includes a disproportionate number of neighborhoods 3 were shaped by govern
17、ment-sponsored housing 4 (discriminate). Even with the Clean Air Act in the United States, we still have more than 100,000 Americans 5 die prematurely from air pollution each year, says Patz, who 6 (study) the connections between climate change 7 human health for decades. Its a significant health ha
18、zard.Not all fuels are equally 8 (danger). For example, coal releases extremely intense pollution. But the U.S. 9 (burn) a lot less coal than it did even a decade ago. That 10 (help) the electricity sector get a little bit cleaner, although the study still attributes about 9,000 premature deaths eac
19、h year to pollution from power plants. Cars, trucks and other vehicles that run on fossil fuels account for about 11,000 premature deaths, the study finds.答案练习51.released 2. had been sitting 3. it 4. that 5. had done 6. who 7. scientist 8. what 9. creative 10. Higher练习61. around 2. when 3.found 4. p
20、ublished 5. temperatures 6. environmental 7. researchers 8. unequally 9. and 10. Releasing练习71. would be saved 2. is eliminated 3. that 4. called 5. the 6. to 7. hospitalization 8. pollution 9. reminder 10. By练习81. global 2. deadly 3. that 4. discrimination 5. who 6. has studied 7. and 8. dangerous 9. is burning 10. has helpe学科网（北京）股份有限公司