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1、Unit 5 Revealing naturePeriod 1 Starting Out & Understanding ideas知识体系图解重点词汇1. seed n. 种子，籽2. distant adj.遥远的3. sample n. 样本4. suspect v. 猜想，怀疑，觉得5. ancestor n. (动物的)原种，祖先6. generate v. 产生，创造重点短语1. answer the call 响应号召2. be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事3. date back to 追溯到4. whats more 此外，还5. lead to 通向，导致，带到
2、6. of all time 有史以来7. in question 被提及的；讨论中的；相关的8. be crowded with 充满，满是9. come to exist 开始存在10. be regarded as 被认为是句型judge+宾语+宾补as引导时间状语从句not.untilsth. is + adj. + to dosb. was said to have done sth.It has been known for some time thatso that引导目的状语从句现在分词短语作方式状语 Period 2 Using language过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或
3、动作之前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。|-|-|-| 过去完成 过去 现在 将来构成：had+过去分词1. 基本用法：(1) 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。常与时间状语“by+表示过去的时间”，“before”等引导的短语或从句连用。When the explorer hurried to the destination, the others had already left.当这名探险家匆忙赶到目的地的时候，其他人已经离开了。The captain had checked all the equipment before the s
4、hip set sail.在轮船启航前，船长已经检查了所有的设备。(2) 用于宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句中。表示主句和从句发生的动作有先后关系，动作发生在前的，用过去完成时，动作发生在后的，用一般过去时。（过去动作先于主句动作发生的）He told me he had watched the sunrise at the top of Mount Tai.他告诉我他已经在泰山顶上看过日出了。The woman said she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.这位女士说她不
5、但已经减了125磅，还为无家可归的孩子们筹集了25，000美元。Mr. White had worked in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.Mr. White上个月退休了，他之前在我们学校工作了将近40年。(3) 表示在过去某一时刻之前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻的动作或状态，尝和for, since引导的时间状语连用。He told us that had done the scientific research for five years.他告诉我们他做科研工作已经五年了。He said h
6、e had made great progress since he came here.他说自从他来这里之后已经取得了很大的进步。(4) 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，常用动词有hope, expect, suppose, think, want, intend, mean, plan等。I had hoped that we would do better this time, but we failed again.我本希望这次我们能做得好一点，但我们又失败了。I had never thought that you were content to help me.我从未想过你愿意
7、帮我。2. 用于过去完成时得常用句式(1) 表示“一就”的“hardly/ scarcely when”和“no soonerthan”等句式中，主句常用过去完成时。No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.比赛一开始，天就下起了大雨。Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。(2) “It/ This/ That was the first/ second/ time that”，“It was+一段
8、时间+since从句”等句型中，that从句用过去完成时。It was the first time that he had organized such an adventure trip.这是他第一次组织这样的冒险旅行。It was five months since he had returned.他回来已经5个月了。误区警示在含有after或before引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he left (= had left) the classroom, the teacher came in.他离开教
9、室后，老师进来了。The train left (= had left) before he got there.他还没到那里，火车就开走了。2. 现在完成时于过去完成时的用法比较 过去完成时 现在完成时-|-|- 过去 现在时态用法例句现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用来表示与现在仍有联系的过去的事或物。He has received punishment as a result of telling a lie.他因为撒谎已经受到了惩罚。His coming has disturbed my schedule.他的到来打乱了我的计划。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，即表示在
10、过去某一时间或动作之前完成的动作，是以过去某一时间为基准的。He had known the customs and living habits of the local people in advance before he came here.他在来这儿之前已经事先了解了当地的风俗和人们的生活习惯。He got home and suddenly realized he had left his clothing and keys in the car.他回到家，突然意识到他把衣服和钥匙落在车上了。Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas语言
11、知识：link, detect, root, tiny amounts of, driveaway, it+某些特殊动词或动词短语+that从句，现在分词短语作伴随状语等。现在分词短语作伴随状语的条件是：由一个主语发出两个动作；或同一个主语处于两种状态；或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。现在分词短语作伴随状语时，其逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全局的主语，伴随状语所表示的动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系。He said it angrily pointing at the notice on the wall.他指着墙上的通知生气地说。（point与said同时进行，pointing为现在分
12、词短语作伴随状语，表示主动和正在进行）Many people stay up all night, playing all kinds of games.许多人一整晚熬夜不睡，玩各种各样的游戏。（stay up 和play同时进行，并且都由主语Many people发出）。Period 4 Writing观察描述类作文1.文体介绍观察描述类作文就是把观察到的物按照时间或空间顺序描述出来。写作时要求内容真实，所见所闻要贴近自己的生活。写作前要细致观察，这样在叙述时才能具体，内容应包括外形、色彩、特点、动作等。写作时要突出中心，围绕一个内容、一种情景、一点感受进行写作，必要时结合自已的感受进行合理
13、的想象，要有详有略、想象合理,写出新鲜感。2.写作要点(1)考虑好描写的视角和次序。视角就是我们通常所讲的人称,观察描述类作文用第一和第三人称都可以，但目的内容和效果不同。描写次序是指先写什么后写什么的问题。一般来讲， 观察描述类作文或是按空间顺序描写，或是按时间顺序描写。比如要描写植物生长的过程可按时间顺序，而描述一个房间时则需要按空间顺序。(2)写作时要选择重点部位或内容来写。无论描写什么都不可能面面俱到，要选择最能体现事物特征的一两点进行详细描述，比如植物的生长有一些关键期，如种子发芽、长出茎、长出第一片叶子等，这此都是最好记录下来的。(3)把描写和叙述结合起来。在写作中，描写通常需要与
14、其他表达方式结合起来，尤其是常与叙述结合在一起。一般来说，描写是具体细致地描述客观事物，叙述是概括地描述事件的过程。3.常用表达Youd better put. in the sunlight. 你最好把.放在阳光下。Its better for you to water. every day. 你最好每天都给.浇水。If you take care of can grow better and better. 如果你照顾好.长得越来越好。It comes in a variety of colors /shapes.它有各种各样的颜色/形状。It consists of several in
15、tegrated parts.它由几个互相关联的部分组成。It is shaped like a circle.它的形状像个圆。It is flat in shape and small in size.它形状扁平,体积小。Attached to the bottom is.与底部相连的是.Unit 5 Revealing natureSet One Vocabulary and ReadingI. 单词拼写1. His criticism planted the _ (种子，萌芽) of doubts in my mind.2. Her performance in the tourname
16、nt has brought _ (丢脸，耻辱) on her team.3. The three species _ (进化) from a single ancestor.4. Our daily lives are rarely similar to those of our _ (祖先).5. Some animals possess the _ (特性，特征) of man due to their evolution.6. The policy is partly _ (责怪，指责；把归咎于) for causing the worst outcome.7. The conditi
17、ons in the camp were rather _ (原始的，低等的), which upset her.8. The contest will be broadcast to a _ (巨大的，特大的) TV screen a mile away.9. The _ (嫌疑犯) was arrested unawares, without the chance to dispose of the evidence.10. His books have sold more than 20 million copies _ (遍及全世界).11. This is the most _ (令
18、人信服的) evidence that I can find to prove my point.12. The pandas natural _ (栖息地) is the bamboo forest.13. When they got to Beijing, they put down _ (根) and built a life.14. A survey of the British diet has _ (显示) that a growing number of people overweight.15. The mountains rolled away to a _(遥远的) hor
19、izon.II. 短语填空the answer to, answer the call, lead to, be crowded with, adapt to, be a disgrace, date back to, according to, in question, come to exist, of all time, on earth, first choice, a variety of, up to, carry out, be to blame for, by contrast, in particular, be native to, be home to, be harmf
20、ul to, be characteristic of, in decline1. My family has a manuscript, which is said to _ the Ming Dynasty.2. You are expected to _ with immediate actions as soon as you are informed.3. What went on _ to the company.4. His name will live in history as one of the greatest warriors _.5. The article _ u
21、ses a vivid example.6. The door to his house used to _ visitors at dawn.7. Certain forms of knowledge _ in certain places.8. He has tried to _ local customs which are distinct from his nations.9. Based on their research, the experts suggest that farmers plant _ crops and not just depend on rice when
22、 faced with the decline in production.10. The motion of the boat will create a strong wind _ my data.11. Windmills _ the island landscape, which make it a far cry from the neighboring islands.12. Nowadays its feared that the traditional festivals are _ in the ethnic group.13. It is they that should
23、_ their stupid mistake, which was disgrace to their team.14. The police havent really done anything yet _ about the cybercrime.15. He claims some of the television advertisements _ children.III. 翻译句子1. 雇主拒绝了这个主意，因为他认为局势太危险。（judge+宾语+宾语补足语）_2. 尽管任务很难，我还是在截止时间前完成了。(as引导让步状语从句)_3. 你叔叔似乎病得很严重。(It seems
24、that)_4. 今年来人们已经知道我们得睡眠时间已经减少。(It has been known that)_5. 请用另一种方式回答这个问题。（现在分词短语作方式状语）_IV.单句语法填空1. V. 七选五Apologizing the Right Way to a FriendWhy are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be the most difficult thing you do. But we all make mistakes, so youll probably have an occasion when
25、you need to apologize. Perhaps you had blew up at someone and realized later you reacted poorly. 1 . Whatever the reason, apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation.2 . First, you acknowledge that you did something wrong. With an apology, you take responsibility for your actio
26、ns, which allows your friend to forgive you. Second, an apology gives you sincerity as a friend. 3 , but that doesnt mean we still shouldnt apologize.Now, what are elements of a proper apology? 4 , depending on what the offense was, where it was done, and who you are apologizing to. In general, a go
27、od apology should include the following: a request for their attention, an acknowledgment of what happened, sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words “Im sorry” or “I apologize”Here are things never to say when apologizing. Note that the art of apologizing involves taking responsi
28、bility. Never apologize as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you dont think you did. 5 , you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across. Youll really need to selfreflect so you can see things from your
29、 friends point of view.AWhen you make your apology in personBIf you really believe you did nothing wrongCApologies benefit friendships in a variety of waysDThe way you apologize is going to be slightly differentEOr maybe you just didnt show support when you needed toFApologizing the right way, howev
30、er, may take a little practiceGSometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrongSet Two: Grammar and functionI.单句语法填空1. II. 完形填空My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard. That first year, I 1 feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirr
31、els. The squirrels had no 2 coming up right to me for them. As the months went by, the rabbits saw that I was no 3 and didnt escape. When I threw carrot slices(薄片)，they even came for a nibble(啃).Slowly they came to 4 me, and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand.That second year, th
32、e rabbits 5 me, and one would even sit up for slices! While I was feeding them, I 6 that a groundhog who used to run away was now talking an 7 interest in this food situation. I carefully extended a long 8 ,with a keen eye on those teeth, and 9 ,there were times I would have the groundhog sitting ne
33、xt to a rabbit, both munching(津津有味的咀嚼) On carrots. A few months later, while 10 , she would even turn her back to me. 11 When she was facing away, I reached out and 12 scratched（搔）her back with my finger, She didnt move.By year three, the rabbits and the groundhog were back. The groundhog 13 didnt h
34、ave a problem with me scratching her back, and I got an idea, Id always 14 , while slicing up carrots, that the end looked like a cap. 15 one day, just to see what she would do, I gently 16 one on top of the groundhogs head. Again, not a 17 . The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you s
35、ee here, one of several dozen such pictures, 18 she had a slice to eat, she never 19 the one of her head. It was a fair 20 - I got a pleasure, and she had yet another tasty treat.1.A. avoidedB. startedC. canceledD. suggested2.A. business B. fun C. problem D. privilege3.A. help B. cheat C. threat D.
36、exception4.A. trust B. miss C. admire D. appreciate5.A. feared B. ignored C. discovered D. remembered6.A. proved B. decided C. noticed D. understood7.A. extreme B. increasing C. additional D. inspiring8.A. squirrel B. rabbit C. peanut D. carrot9.A. before long B. long ago C. over and over D. all ove
37、r again10.A. eating B. playing C. sitting D. sleeping11.A. Next B. Once C. Soon D. Lately12.A. carefully B. suddenly C. violently D. patiently13.A. also B. thus C. just D. still14.A. thought B. doubted C. admitted D. recognized15.A. While B. Or C. So D. For16.A. fixed B. placed C. hung D. kept17.A. tremble B. move C. delay D. hesitation18.A. Even if B. Ever since C. As far as D. So long as19.A. welcomed B. required C. bothered D. expected20.A. trade B. competition C. task D. affair学科网（北京）股份有限公司