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1、句1：In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料、纸之类的物品被分成不同的类别，然后循环利用。separate v. 分开，隔开常用搭配为: separate . into. 把分成,其被动形式是 be separated into 被分成 例句：1. Police moved in to separate the two groups. 警方介入,将两拨人分开。2. Lets separate them
2、 into six piles. 我们把它们分为六堆吧。3：Everyone should act now to separate rubbish into different groups. 每个人应该现在行动起来将垃圾分成不同的类别。【拓展延伸】separate.from.把和分开,把和分离。例句：1. Anyone with fever must be completely separated from others as soon as possible.任何有发烧症状的人必须尽快与其他人彻底隔离。2. Its impossible to separate the Diaoyu Isl
3、ands from China.把钓鱼岛从中国分裂出去是不可能的。 句2：For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. 例如,不允许我们砍伐树木。allow v.允许常用表达有: allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事(是allow sb. to do sth.的被动形式)例句：1. The government will allow them to advertise on radio and television.政
4、府将准许他们在广播和电视上做广告。2. We dont allow eating in the classroom.我们不允许在教室吃东西。3. If you are more than ten minutes late, you are not allowed to enter. 你如果迟到 10 分钟以上,不允许入场。牛刀小试：-Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network?-Right.5G will allow us_English movies faster than ever. A. downl
5、oad B. downloadsC. to downloadD. downloading考点2：cut down 砍倒是动词+副词型短语,代词作宾语时,放在 cut与down 中间;名词作宾语时,可以放在中间或 down 后面。例句：1. They cut down a big tree and made a boat. 他们砍倒了一棵大树,做了一只船。【拓展延伸】cut down 减少，缩减 He cut down on his smoking.他减少了吸烟。The article is too long and should be cut down by half.这篇文章太长,得缩减一半
6、。牛刀小试：This year is the 49th Earth Day and I think we should_ people not to _ too many trees.A. call on; cut down B. call at; cut upC. call in; cut off句3：Otherwise, we will be punished.否则我们将会受到惩罚。punish v. 处罚、惩罚punish在此处是及物动词，常用搭配有:punish sb. 惩罚某人punish sb. for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事惩罚某人 例句：1. If you go a
7、gainst nature, it will punish you. 如果你违背了大自然，它就会惩罚你。2. Dont punish your child for being honest. 不要因为你的孩子诚实而处罚他。【拓展延伸】punishment是名词: 惩罚 The police handed out punishment to those who stole bicycles.对于偷窃自行车的人,警方给予了惩罚。牛刀小试：选词填空 (nine,ours,beside,punish,after all) According to the present law, drunk driv
8、ing must seriously.句4：If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police.如果在公共场所丢垃圾，我们会被警察罚款。fine v. 罚款，常用于被动语态。例句：1. The man broke the traffic law and was fined. 这位男士违反了交通法规,被罚款了。2. The driver was fined 30 pounds for speeding last week.上周,那个驾驶员因超速驾驶被罚了30英镑。【拓展延伸】fine的其他用法: fine 可作形
9、容词: 美好的; 好看的; 健康的; 晴朗的 例句：1. We can see the fine view of the countryside here.在这里我们可以看到乡村的美景。 2. Lisa is fine and sends you her love and best wishes.莉萨身体很好，还向你表达了她的爱和最美好的祝愿。 fine 可作n. 罚金，罚款。She has already paid over2,000 yuan in fines.她已经付了2000多元罚金。考点2：the police 警察部门，警方the police 是集体名词,一般看作复数。The p
10、olice are searching for him.警方正在搜寻他。【特别提醒】某些集体名词,如family,team,class 等作主语时,如果看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果看作若干个体,谓语动词用复数形式。例句：1. The class are listening to the teacher carefully.这个班(的学生)在认真听老师讲课。2. The class wins the game.这个班赢得了比赛。句5：There are also laws to limit air and water pollution.还有限制空气和水污染的法律。limit v.限制
11、limit 是及物动词,其名词形式是 limitation 限制,控制。例句：So limit coffee and avoid caffeine for four to six hours before bedtime.所以,在睡前四到六个小时要限制咖啡(的摄入),避免咖啡因。【拓展延伸】limit 也可作名词：限制,限度。例句：1. I think there is an age limit, but Id have to check.我觉得有年龄限制,不过我得核实一下。2. There is a limit to our patience.我们的忍耐是有限度的。牛刀小试：根据汉语提示完成
12、单词。Our government has made laws to_(限制)air and water pollution.句6：We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.我们依靠其丰富的资源生存，所以对我们来说，明智地保护它很重要。考点1：depend是动词，depend on/upon 依靠; 取决于注意：depend on/upon不能用干进行时态和被动语态Aristotle, a Greek thinker,said.Happiness depends
13、 upon ourselves. 希腊的思想!家亚里士老德说过:幸福取决于我们自己牛刀小试：Youd better try to guess the meaning when you meet a new word. Dont always _ your dictionary.A. keep onB. depend onC. decide on考点2：rich adj. 丰富的;富有的He has gained rich experience during these years.这些年，他获得了丰富的经验。rich作形容词在此处意为丰富的。常见短语有：be rich in “富含.”例句：1
14、. Oranges are rich in vitamin C. 橘子含有丰富的维生素C。2. The area is rich in wildlife. 这个地区的野生动植物还可意为富有的，富裕的。I will make you a very rich man. 我会让你成为一个非常富有的人。【拓展延伸】rich 作形容词,还可意为丰富多彩的;非常有趣的。China is such a big country whose culture is very rich.中国是这样的一个大国,拥有着丰富多彩的文化。 句7：These new types of energy cost very lit
15、tle and will never run out.这些新型能源不仅成本低廉，而且用之不尽。考点1：run out 用完，耗尽【易混辨析】run out 与run out ofrun out不及物动词短语,主语为时间、食品、金钱等无生命的名词,主动形式表示被动意义。run out of 用完, 耗尽及物动词短语,主语一般是人，of后跟某物,表示某人用完了某物，相当于use up。例句：1. The oil has run out. 油用完了2. When we are young, we feel that we will never run out of time.当我们年轻时，我们觉得时
16、间永远都用不完。【拓展延伸】run out(of)还有(从)跑出来”之意。例句：1. I tried my best to run out to the street. 我尽全力跑到了街上。2. Dont run out of the classroom!不要从教室跑出去!句8：Moreover, they produce little pollution. 除此之外，它们几乎不产生污染。produce v.导致，产生Different wishes will produce different ideas about life.不同的愿望会产生对生活不同的想法。【拓展延伸】(1)produc
17、e 作动词,还有生产,制造之意。How many cameras have they produced in this factory?他们在这家工厂生产了多少照相机?(2)produce 还可作不可数名词：产品,(尤指)农产品。The shop sells only fresh local produce. 这家商店只售当地新鲜的农产品。(3) product 意为产品,制品,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词;production 意为生产,制造，是不可数名词。例句：1. Try to get the best product at the lowest price.尽量以最低的价格买到最好
18、的产品。2. The new model will be in production by the end of the year.新型号将于年底投产。(4)producer 是可数名词：生产商,制造商;制作人;制片人。Libya is a major oil producer.利比亚是主要石油生产国之一。Henry is the producer of several TV shows. 亨利是好几个电视节目的制作人。句9：Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference!记住每个人都可以做点(对保护环境)有益的事!di
19、fference n.差异，不同(之处)常用短语有:make a/no/some/much difference( to sb./sth.)(对)有/没有/有些/有很大影响、作用、关系 tell the difference 区分差别例句：1. The only difference between us is the colour of our skins.我们之间唯一的差别就是肤色。2. If we work hard together, our actions can make a difference to the world and lead to a better future.
20、如果我们共同努力，我们的行动可以对世界产生影响并创造一个更美好的未来。3. I can never tell the difference between the twins. 我从来都分不清这对双胞胎。【拓展延伸】different是形容词：不同的。常用短语: be different from 不同于。例句：1. There are 32 different kinds of chocolate on sale. 有32种不同的巧克力出售。2. Our village is very different from what it was before.我们村跟从前大不一样了。牛刀小试：-H
21、ave you noticed that Annas spoken English is greatly improved?-Yes, she sets a good example to us. Hard work always_. A. makes a deal B. makes a differenceC. makes a problem句10：treat something used so that it can be used again.处理用过的东西以便它能够再被使用。考点1：used adj. 用过的，二手的本句中第一个 used 是形容词：用过的,二手的,常置于名词前作定语。
22、此处 used 修饰不定代词 something,要后置。The used car Tom bought last year is in bad condition.汤姆去年买的那辆二手车状况不佳。考点2：so that 以便，为了so that意为以便,为了,常引导目的状语从句,该从句的谓语常含有can/could/may/might should/would 等情态动词。He decided to raise money for a well so that people in Africa could have clean water.他决定筹钱挖井,这样非洲的人就能喝上干净的水了。【拓展延伸】so that还可意为因此,所以,引导结果状语从句,so that前常用逗号与主句隔开。There are no buses,so that youll have to walk. 没有公共汽车,所以你只能步行。牛刀小试：按要求完成句子,每空一词。I cant hear you well. Please say it louder. (保持句意基本不变)Please say it louder_ _I can hear you well. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司