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1、第一节：作文试题分析一 作文试题分类 作文从试题角度可以分为现象解释型、问题解决型、对比选择观点论证型与应用文五种类型。现象解释型此类作文在考试作文中比较常见。命题主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论，其基本结构是：首先说明现状；其次阐述这种现状产生或存在的原因；最后做出分析，提出建议或总结观点。问题解决型此类作文要求考生从提示性文字或图表、图画入手，解释提示性文字、图表、图画反映出的问题，提出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法等。对比选择型此类作文同样是考试中常见的类型，它的标志十分明显。作文题目
2、要求较明确，富有针对性，即直接要求考试者比较两种观点或做法，进而表明自己对问题或事务的态度或观点，也就是做出选择。观点论证型 此类作文往往要求考生根据题目给出论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其下论证，然后表明自己的立场和看法。通过摆事实、讲道理的方式剖析事物，论述事理，发表意见，确立或否认某一主张。应用文 应用文中的信函，也是作文设计的试题之一。在这类题型中，考生会读到一个特定的场景，试题要求考生按照这个场景给相关人士写一封短信，并在信中明确表达自己写信的原因（动机）、目的（愿望）等。文章所设及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近。书信的类型可能变化万千，如邀请信、申请信、感谢信、道歉信等，
3、但是万变不离其宗，只要掌握了英语书信的格式，并应用恰当的句式和语句，就一定能够写出好的文章来。二 解决方案1 建议考生分解作文观点，扩充内容。2 建议考生在写作时只选择自己能够驾驭的句式和词语。3 建议考生在文章中长短句搭配使用，用短句表达观点，长句推理分析。4 建议考生选用作文模板，限定文章逻辑结构。5 建议考生采用固定的句式，限定文章的字数。第二节：写作技巧及作文结构安排一 写作技巧1.根据文章大意判断作文题型。2.各种题型的写作方法。现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进（限制）这种现象的进一步发展。问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。对比选择型：
4、基本方法为：选择一种观点或态度；重点阐述个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因；做出比较客观的总结。观点论证型：基本方法为：分析主题举例论证得出结论（证明观点的正确性）。应用文基本方法为：分析所给情景选择写作方法。三段式作文的结构安排题型第一段第二段第三段现象解释型描述现象说明现象产生的原因表明个人态度或阐述个人做法问题解决型提出问题分析问题，给出解决方案表明个人态度或阐述个人做法观点论证型提出论点例证论点得出结论或表明个人看法或做法对比选择型选择一方观点，表明态度提出个人选择的理由，并指出不足客观综述应用文描述事实阐述原因表明观点或提出建议第三节：写作模板一 现象解释型写作模板1.现象解释
5、型模板一Topic sentence has become a common part of peoples life.Andhas always aroused the greatest concern.what impresses us most is .The reasonsare varied.信息提示1空格内用概括性的词语填出最近出现的总体现象。2.空格内填题目要去讨论的具体现象3.现象的具体表现4.过度句，填现象或现象带来的后果，为下文分析产生的原因做铺垫。5. Among the various reasons,plays an important role.6.That is
6、to say,7.What is more,8.For example,5原因之一。6.具体说明原因一。7原因二。8 举例说明原因二9When talking about，10On the one hand11On the other hand,12In brief,9.空格一填作者要讨论的现象，空格二填作者的看法。10.支持看法的理由一或说明看法的第一个方面。11.理由二或第二个方面。12.总结。 Reading regularly has long become a common part of peoples life. And reading preference has always
7、 aroused the greatest concern. What impresses us most is according to the table, the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, which shows that the circulation of popular fictions, general nonfictions, science/technology/education books and art/ literature/poetry books accoun
8、ts for 65.9%, 18.2%, 10.8%and 5.1% respectively. The reasons for the phenomenon are varied.Among the various reasons, the appealing content of the popular fictions plays an important part. That is to say, thanks to its appealing plot, popular fictions attract more people than other types of books do
9、. What is more, science and art books which require readers knowledge on relevant fields are highly demanding. For example, its hard for students majoring in chemistry to understand Brownings poems, and vice versa.When talking about my reading preference, I think I prefer to science books. On the on
10、e hand, in order to deepen what Im specializing in, I need read more books relevant to my major. On the other hand, these books can also broaden our horizons. In brief, college students should choose books according to their interests and needs.2.现象解释型模板二1.We have witnessed 2.According to ，3.And 4.M
11、any reasons contribute to1空格内填最近出现的总体现象。2.空格1根据题目填the chart, the report等，空格二内填现象的具体表现1。3.现象的具体表现2。4.过渡句，填现象或现象带来的后果，为下文分析产生的原因做铺垫。5. To begin with ,.6.More over,7.In addition ,8.As a result ,5原因之一。6. 原因二。7原因三。8 原因导致的结果。9.As to me,，10.First of all,11.Besides,12.To conclude,9.空格内填作者对现象的看法。10.支持看法的理由1。
12、11.理由二。12.总结。We have witnessed that college students vary in reading preference. According to the table of the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, the circulation of popular fictions and general nonfictions accounts for 65.9% and 18.2% respectively. And the table shows
13、that the circulation of science/technology/education books and art/ literature/poetry books is 10.8%and 5.1% respectively. Many reasons contribute to this phenomenon.To begin with, popular fictions usually possess more appealing plot than other types of books do, so many readers are attracted by pop
14、ular fictions. Moreover, popular fictions and general nonfictions are easier to be understood. In addition, science and art books demand certain knowledge in special field of study. As a result, more students tend to choose popular fictions and general nonfictions.As to me, Im in favor of books of s
15、cience and technology. First of all, in order to deepen what Im learning, I need read more books relevant to my major and observe the new development in science and technology circles. Besides, there books can also broaden my vision. To conclude, college students should choose books according to the
16、ir interests and needs.Saving animals There is an undeniable fact that the number of animals is declining faster than ever before. According to a recent survey made by some experts, about 37 species disappear from our earth every year. It is obvious that the problem has become a serious one worth ou
17、r concern.When we explore this problem, some underlying factors emerge. In the very first place, human beings have played a big part. With the fast development of human society, the environment is severely destroyed, and animals lose their home. Accordingly, some species become extinct. Whats more,
18、people hunt animals for food and skin. A good case in point is that the Japanese have killed a lot of whales because they like to eat the meat. In addition, human beings are largely responsible for the pollution of natural environment, which has poisoned animals in many ways. The current problem, I
19、believe, should be solved immediately. First of all, our government should play a key role in making relevant rules and protecting animals. The general public should also be educated to value the existence of these animals on our planet.二 问题解决型作文模板1.模板一1.With the development/improvement of ,.2. It i
20、s necessary that.3. On the one hand, .4. On the other hand, 5. Therefore, how to is worth paying attention.6.Firstly7.Secondly8.For example,9. Thirdly, .10.In other words,11.In fact, ways to are countless.12.Its time that 1空格一处铺垫，空格二处填写某一问题。2关注解决现象引出的问题很必要。3解决问题很必要的理由一。4解决问题很必要的理由二。5承上启下，填要解决的问题。6.
21、解决办法一。7 解决办法二。8. 举例解释解决办法二。9. 解决办法三。10. 阐明解决办法三。11. 指出解决问题的办法多种多样。12. 强调解决问题时不可待。Reduce Waste on CampusWith the improvement of living standard, waste on campus is increasingly serious. It is necessary that something should be done to reduce waste on campus. On the one hand, our waste has already cau
22、sed a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity. On the other hand, our waste adds our parents as well as our society a burden.Therefore, how to eliminate waste on campus is worth paying attention. Firstly, we should turn off the light when we leave our dorms or classrooms so a
23、s to save electricity as much as possible. Secondly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or wash clothes and dishes. For example, we should use a basin when we clean faces. Thirdly, we should be economical. In other words, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need. ( education;
24、 concrete methods; strict supervision)In fact, the ways to reduce waste on campus are countless. Its time that we cultivate the habit of thrift in every possible way.2.模板二1. There has been a discussion recently about.2. It is obvious that.3. Additionally, .4. So it is high time, 5. First of all, 6.T
25、he reason is7.Secondly8.That is to say,9. Thirdly, .10.In fact, more than three ways can be adopted,11.As for me, 12.All in all, 1提出现存的问题。2解决问题很必要的理由一3解决问题很必要的理由二。4承上启下，说明解决问题的必要性。5解决办法一6解决办法一的理由.。7解决办法二。8. 阐明解决办法二。9. 解决办法三。10. 指出解决问题的办法多种多样。11. 小结解决问题的根本途径。12. 总结全文。Reduce Waste on CampusThere has b
26、een a discussion recently about waste on campus. It is obvious that a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity have been caused by waste. Additionally, our waste adds our parents and society a burden. So it is high time that we took actions to reduce the waste on campus.First
27、of all, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or clean faces, or wash clothes and dishes. The reason is that there is a great shortage of water in the word. Secondly, we should be economical. That is to say, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need. Thirdly, we should turn off t
28、he light when we leave dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible.In fact, more than three ways can be adopted. As for me, the cultivation of good habit of thrift is most important for all of us. All in all, every college student should join in the efforts to combat the waste
29、on campus.Income GapThere has been a heated discussion over the growing incomegap now. Some people hold that the gap is natural because it reflects different contributions that different people make in their work. In their view, those people with high income work hard and long. Besides, these people
30、 bring high efficiency and create more wealth. Accordingly, they deserve high pay. On the other hand, there are always some people who view this gap negatively. They believe that a lot of crimes happen as a result of this income gap. Some people make so little from their work that they risk taking c
31、riminal acts to get rich. In fact, experts have long found out that most cases of crime are directly related to low income. Whats more, for most people, income gap may destroy the satisfaction that they obtain from work. As anything has two sides, so has the problem of income gap. Personally, I beli
32、eve that appropriate gap may motivate people to work harder and promote a healthy competition in job market. When the gap is growing too wide, however, our government should take some measures to get rid of its negative consequences, for example, they should strengthen the social welfare system and
33、provide more job opportunities. 三对比选择型作文模板 (辩论式议论文)1.模板一1.Different people have different views on2. Some people prefer,.3. Others tend to, .4.As to me, I agree with /to 1开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。2表明一部分人的看法。3另一部分的看法。4作者的看法。5. Of course,.6.For example,7.But,8.The following reasons can account for my pre
34、ference5承认自己不赞同的看法有一定的合理性。6. 举例说明支持第五句。7 转折指出这种观点的不足。8 启下句过度到下段具体阐述自己所支持的观点的理由。9. The main reason is .10.A good example to illustrate is 11.For another,12.From the above mentioned,9.支持观点的理由一。10.举例说明理由一。11.理由二。12.总结全文，从长远看来。Is a test of spoken English necessary? A test of spoken English will be inclu
35、ded as an optional component of the College English Test. Different people have different views on it. Some prefer to have such a test. Others tend to decline any kind of test of spoken English. As to me, I agree with the first statement.Of course, a test of spoken English is very difficult to handl
36、e and the test time is not long enough to fully display participants ability to spoken in English. For example, if a candidate draws a topic which he of she is not familiar with, its hard to show his or her command of spoken English. But without such a test, some people may not have motivation to pr
37、actice spoken English. The following reasons can account for my preference.The main reason is that such a test enhances college students awareness of the importance of spoken English. A good example to illustrate is that several years ago, college students only stressed reading and writing skills, i
38、gnoring to building up listening and speaking ability. For another, a certificate of such a test will make job-hunting easier. From the above mentioned, I think a test of spoken English is of necessity. 2.模板二1.There is no complete agreement among people as to 2. Some people consider,.3. However, oth
39、ers think, .4.Some people may say 5. They hold this opinion because.6. However, others believe,7.They argue that,8.Personally,I am in favor of the9.Firstly,. 10.Secondly,11.Most important of all 12.Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, we/I may reasonably conclude that 1开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们
40、的不同看法。2表明一部分人的看法。3另一部分的看法。4观点一的理由。5深入阐述观点一的理由。6. 观点二的理由。7 深入阐述观点二的理由。8 我的看法。9.个人看法依据一。10. 个人看法依据二。11. 个人看法依据三。12.总结全文。3.模板三1.When asked about , different people will offer different opinions.2. Some people take it for granted that.3. In their opinion, .4. Besides 5. However, others hold.6.They maita
41、in7.And8.Weighing up these arguments, I am for9. For one thing. 10.For anther,11.For instance,12.Therefore, as stated above1开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。2提出观点一。3观点一的理由一。4观点一的理由二5提出观点二。6. 观点二的理由一。7观点二的理由二。8 我的观点。9.个人观点理由一。10. 个人观点理由二。11. 举例说明。12.综上所述再次强调自己的观点。Is a test of spoken English necessary?A test of
42、spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test. When talking about it, different people will offer different opinions. Some people take it for granted that college students should take a test of spoken English. In their opinion, it is good chance for them to tes
43、t their spoken English. Besides, it also makes them know the importance of the spoken English.However, others hold that a test of spoken English is unnecessary in the university and colleges. They maintain that college students practice of spoken English is not for testing but for daily use. And the
44、y think it is hard to manage such a subjective test.Weighing up these two arguments, I am for the first point of view. For one thing, spoken English is very important. For another, a test of spoken English can guide and supervise students to make conversation practice. For instance, when choosing bo
45、oks and other materials, students can pick them according to the bands of the test they want to take. Therefore, as stated above, the first point of view can hold water. Career or Family: Which Is More Important? When asked about their opinion of career and family, people always respond differently.
46、 Some people deem it more important to pursue their career, while there are always other people who argue that family should be the number one in ones life. It goes without any question that career plays a key role in our life. In the very first place, for most of people, career is the most effective means to help them discover the potential inside themselves and display their talents. Through career, they make contribution to the society and achieve success and recognition of the society as well. Whats more, career is the most important means for people to live on. Most of the people earn