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1、Unit2TheOlympicGames,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,【文章导语】YoumustbeinterestedintheOlympicGames,whichattracttheathletesfromallthecountries.HereletsknowaboutthehistoryoftheOlympicGames.你一定对奥运会感兴趣,奥运会吸引着来自各国的运动员。这儿让我们了解一下奥运会的历史。,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,TheHistoryoftheOlympicGamesAccordingtohistoricrecords,thefirstancientOlympi
2、cGamescanbetracedbackto776B.C.TheywerededicatedtotheOlympianGodsandwerestagedontheancientplainsofOlympia.ManysportsgameswerebasedonancientGreekmyths.,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,TheancientGamesactuallyhadanimportantpositioninthelifeoftheGreekancestors.PlayerscametocompetefromeverycorneroftheGreekworldaimingatthe
3、finalprize:anolivewreathanda“heroic”returntotheircity.Butapartfromthegloriousvictory,itwastheOlympicvaluesthemselveswhichaccordedspecialmeaningtotheGames:noblecompetitionandtheefforttocombinebody,will,andmindinabalancedwhole.AstheGamesdeveloped,sodidasetofproceduressuchasastandardizedscheduleofevent
4、sandthepracticeoftheOlympicTruce.Theycontinuedfornearly12centuries.However,itwasFrenchBaronPierredeCoubertinwholedthewaytothefirstModernOlympicGamesin1896.,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,WiththerevivaloftheOlympicGames,anumberofsymbolicOlympictraditionswerealsodevelopedandestablished,suchastheOlympicAnthem,theOlymp
5、icFlag,theOlympicFlameandTorch.译文:奥运会的历史据史料记载,第一届古代奥运会可以追溯到公元前776年,为纪念奥林匹亚神在奥林匹亚的古代平原上举行。很多运动项目都源于古希腊神话。古代奥运会在古希腊人的生活中占据了很重要的地位。来自希腊各地的参赛者参与角逐,目标就是最终奖赏:一个橄榄花环和“英雄”般的返乡。除去胜利的光荣,奥林匹克价值本身赋予了奥运会特殊的意义:高尚竞争,把身体、意志和精神平衡的结合于一体。,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,随着奥运会的发展,一系列程序,如标准化的项目时间表和奥林匹克休战的实践也在完善。这样持续了近12个世纪。然而,法国人皮埃尔德顾拜旦
6、为1896年第一届现代奥运会的举行铺平了道路。随着奥运会的复兴,许多具有象征意义的奥林匹克传统也建立和发展,如奥林匹克会歌、奥林匹克旗、奥林匹克火焰和火炬。,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,dedicated/dedIkeItId/adj.献身的;专心的myth/mI/n.神话truce/trus/n.休战revival/rIvaIvl/n.复兴continent/kntInnt/n.大洲,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,PlayerscametocompetefromeverycorneroftheGreekworldaimingatthefinalprize:anolivewreathanda
7、“heroic”returntotheircity.译文:来自希腊各地的参赛者参与角逐,目标就是最终奖赏:一个橄榄花环和“英雄”般的返乡。剖析:aimingatthefinalprize为v.-ing形式作伴随状语。,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,1.WhatdoyouthinkaredifferencesbetweenancientandmodernOlympicGames?2.Howdoyouvaluethe30thOlympicGamesheldinLondon?3.WhydidtheplayersattendtheancientOlympics?A.Becausetheywantedt
8、oshowthemselves.B.BecausetheywantedtoseetheOlympicsthemselves.C.Becausetheywantedtowinthefinalprizeanda“heroic”returntotheircity.D.Becausetheywantedtointroducetheircountrytotheworld.,答案:Differentstudentshavedifferentanswers.,答案:Differentstudentshavedifferentanswers.,答案:C,SectionWarmingUp,Pre-reading
9、,Reading竞争【高考典句】(2012天津高考)Likemanyyoungathletes,shehadOlympicdreams,butaseriousillnesskeptherfromcompetingintheGames.像许多年轻运动员一样,她有着奥运梦,但是一种严重的疾病使她不能参加奥运会。SeveralcountriescompetedagainsteachotherforhostingtheWorldCup.几个国家竞争主办世界杯。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出compete的词组及意义。Womenwerefirstallowedtoc
10、ompeteintheOlympicshootingin1968.女性首次被允许参加奥运会射击项目是在1968年。词组:competein意义:参与比赛/在某方面竞争Thechildrencompeteagainsteachothertoreachtheotherendofthepool.孩子们互相竞争着抵达池子的另一端。词组:competeagainstsb意义:与某人竞争Allthesingersneedtocompetefortheprize.所有的歌唱演员都要竞争那个奖项。词组:competefor意义:为而比赛,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及
11、含义。Itisreportedthat890competitorstookpartintheactivityorganizedbyourschool.据报道有890名竞争者参加了我们学校组织的这项活动。词性:名词含义:参赛者;竞争对手【高考典句】(2015福建高考)CompetitionisfierceandthechiefprizeisacompleteStiltoncheeseweighingaboutfourkilos(disappointingly,butunderstandablythecheesesusedintheracearewoodenones).竞争是激烈的,主要的奖品是一
12、个完整的斯蒂尔顿奶酪,重约四千克(令人失望但又可以理解的是用来比赛的奶酪是木制奶酪)。词性:名词含义:竞争,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,【高考典句】(2014四川高考)Womenarefriendly.Butmenaremorecompetitive.女人友好,而男人更好竞争。词性:形容词含义:竞争的;有竞争性的知识卡片competein参与比赛;在某方面竞争competeagainst/withsb与某人竞争competefor为而比赛competitorn.参赛者;竞争对手competitionn.竞争incompetitionwith与竞争competitiveadj.竞争的,有
13、竞争性的,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2.WhocouldnottakepartintheancientOlympicGames?(P9)谁不能参加古代奥运会?考点:takepartin参加;参与【高考典句】(2013浙江高考)Agoodlistenertakespartintheconversation,offeringideasandraisingquestionstokeepthetalkflowing.善于倾听的人在参与谈话的时候,提供建议并提出问题,从而使得谈话能顺利进行下去。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
14、,8,9,考点延伸1)阅读下面句子,写出黑体词组的意义。Shetookanactivepartinallkindsofperformancesfortheearthquake-strickenareas.她积极参加为地震灾区举办的各种演出。意义:积极参加2)辨析takepartin,join,joinin,attend的用法。takepartin指参加有组织的、群众性的活动。join指参加社会团体、某一政党、军队、俱乐部等并成为其中一员。joinin指加入某一活动或游戏。attend指参加会议、婚礼、典礼、听报告、讲座等,一般指成为观众或听众。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,People
15、whotakepartinsportsmustbeingoodcondition.参加运动的人一定要保持良好的状态。Hewaseighteenyearsoldwhenhejoinedthearmy.他18岁参军。Doyouknowhowmanyofthemjoinedintheresearchproject?你知道他们中间有多少人参加了这个研究项目吗?Atbestafewhundredpeopleattendedthemeeting.充其量只有几百人出席了会议。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,3.Whatdothef
16、iveringsontheOlympicflagstandfor?(P9)奥运旗帜上的五环代表什么?考点:standfor代表;象征;表示【高考典句】(2013课标全国高考)InChina,theseknotsstandforfriendship,loveandgoodluck.在中国,这些结象征友谊、爱和好运。CCTVstandsforChinaCentralTelevision.CCTV代表中国中央电视台。Asweallknow,Xcanstandforanunknownnumberinmath.我们知道,X可在数学中表示一个未知数。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,考点延伸1)阅读下
17、面句子,指出standfor的意义。Itsoutrageous,andwewontstandforitanymore.这太不像话了,我们再也不能容忍下去了。意义:容忍2)阅读下列句子,指出stand的词组及意义。Youcannotstandbyandallowsuchathing.你不能袖手旁观,听任这样的事发生。词组:standby意义:袖手旁观Wellstandbyyouthroughthickandthin.不管多么艰难困苦,我们都会支持你们。词组:standbysb意义:支持某人,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,【高考典句】(2014课标全国高考)Thenthedriverstoo
18、dupandasked,“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”司机然后站起来问:“有人在上一站丢了一个箱子吗?”词组:standup意义:站起来Thewordsontheroadsignstandoutwell.路牌上的字非常醒目。词组:standout意义:显眼【高考典句】(2014广东高考)Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.经过无数次的面试和陈述,我设法在候选人中脱颖而出,独自一人通过了考
19、验。词组:standout意义:突出,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,知识卡片standfor代表;象征;表示;容忍standby袖手旁观standbysb支持某人standup站起来standout显眼;突出,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,4)Oldasthehousewas,itstoodduringthestrongearthquake.单句填空5)PLA(stand)forthePeoplesLiberationArmy.6)Theredflagstandswellagainsttheblueskywiththewhiteclouds.答案:1)for2)by3)out4)u
20、p5)stands6)out,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,4.andbothareheldeveryfouryearsonaregularbasis.(P10)这两种(运动会)都是定期四年举行一次。考点一:everyfouryears每四年;每隔三年TheAsianGamesareheldeveryfouryears.亚运会每4年举行一次。考点延伸1)次数的表达:一次once;两次twice。阅读下面句子,指出表示“三次或三次以上”的构成方式。Wetakethemedicinethreetimesaday.我们一天吃三次药。构成方式:用“基数词+times”,如threetimes,f
21、ourtimes。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2)频率的表达:次数+every+间隔时间如:每四年一次onceeveryfouryears(once常可以省略,等于everyfouryears)每三天两次twiceeverythreedaysWeusuallygohomeformoney(once)everyfourweeks.我们每四周回家拿一次钱。3)英语中有一些特殊的频率表达方式。阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义。Igohometoseemyagedparentseveryfewdays.我每隔几天就回家看望年迈的父母。意义:每隔几天,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,She
22、visitedhiminhospitaleveryotherday/everytwodays.她每隔一天到医院去看望他一次。意义:每隔一天Theyappearinmydreameverytwoorthreedays.他们每两三天就出现在我的梦里。意义:每两三天,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,考点二:basisn.基础;根据【高考典句】(2014课标全国高考)Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutinebasis.一般来说,当所有形式的活动被经常做的时候,它们通常会变得乏味。Theb
23、asisofgoodmarriageistrust.美满婚姻的基础是信任。考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出basis的词组及意义。Dontjudgeapersononthebasisofappearance.不要以貌取人。词组:onthebasisof意义:在的基础之上,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,【高考典句】(2015浙江高考)Onadailybasis,sheremindedmethatlifegoeson.她每天提醒我生活在继续。词组:onadailybasis意义:每天11HewillvisitEasternAsiaonaregularbasis.他将会定期走访东亚地区。词组:o
24、naregularbasis意义:经常地;定期地2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义。12DrumsarebasictoAfricanmusic.鼓是非洲音乐的基本乐器。词性:形容词含义:基本的,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,13BasicallyIagreewithyourplan.我基本上同意你的计划。词性:副词含义:基本地;根本地14Aftertheattack,theyreturnedtothebase.他们发动攻击之后返回了基地。词性:名词含义:基地15Themovieisbasedonareal-lifeincident.这部电影以现实生活中的一件事为基础。词性:动词含义
25、:以为基础,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,3)辨析basis,base和foundation的不同用法。basis常指理论、信念等的基础或依据,即无形的基础或抽象的根据。base是指以实物为基础,指物体的底部或根基。foundation既可指理论基础,也可为实物基础,侧重于牢固的基础。知识卡片onadailybasis每天onaregularbasis经常地;定期地basicadj.基本的basicallyadv.基本地;根本地basen.基地vt.以为基础,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6
26、,7,8,9,5.Onlyathleteswhohavereachedtheagreedstandardfortheireventwillbeadmittedascompetitors.(P10)只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。剖析:本句是一个复合句,其中who引导的定语从句whohavereachedtheagreedstandardfortheirevent修饰先行词athletes。在该定语从句中,形容词agreed作定语,修饰名词standard,意为“经过协议的,同意的”。如:Thestudentswhofailedintheexamweretoldtose
27、etheteacher.考试不及格的学生们被告知去见老师。Look,thisistheagreedplan.看,这是经过协议的计划。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,考点:admitvi.接纳【高考典句】(2013浙江高考)Thethingis,anumberofthemhaveadmittedthatdespitetheirsuccess,theyarenthappy.问题是,他们中的许多人承认,虽然他们成功了,但是他们并不快乐。【高考典句】(2013北京高考)Theyalsoweremorelikelytoadmittosensation-seekingandimpulsivebeha
28、viour,whichconnectswithhoweasilypeoplegetboredanddistracted.他们也更有可能容许寻求刺激和冲动的行为,这些行为和人们容易厌倦和分心有关系。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出admit的词组及意义。Headmittedbreakingtheschoolrulesandwillinglyacceptedpunishment.他承认违反了校规,愿意接受惩罚。词组:admitdoingsth.意义:承认做过某事MyfriendwasadmittedtothePartylastyear.我的朋友去年入党了。词组:
29、beadmittedto意义:被接纳/录取Shewasadmittedasamemberoftheclub.她被接纳为俱乐部会员。词组:beadmittedas.意义:作为被接受,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2)辨析admit,allow,permit表示“允许”时的不同用法。Eachticketadmitsonepersontothegarden.每张票只允许一个人进入花园。admit表示允许某人进入某场地或允许加入某个组织。Schoolrulesdontallowustoeatintheclassroom.校规不允许我们在教室里吃东西。allow表示允许某人做某事,即给予某人权力去
30、做某事。Iwillseeyouafterthemeeting,iftimepermits.如果时间允许的话,我开完会去见你。permit表示同意、准许某人做某事。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,知识卡片admitdoingsth承认做过某事beadmittedto被接纳/录取beadmittedas.作为被接受,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,6.ForeachOlympics,aspecialvillageisbuiltforthemtolivein,amainreceptionbuilding,several
31、stadiumsforcompetitions,andagymnasiumaswell.(P10)每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)供参赛的人住,一个主要的接待大楼,好几个供比赛用的体育场,还有一个室内体育馆。考点:aswell也;又;还Weshouldsticktotheprinciplesandbeflexibleaswell.我们应该坚守原则,也要有灵活性。Chinaisasocialistcountryandadevelopingcountryaswell.中国是一个社会主义国家,也是一个发展中国家。,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出aswella
32、s的意义和用法。【高考典句】(2015陕西高考)Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIdancedaswellasher.艾伦是一位出色的舞蹈家。我希望能跟她跳得一样好。意义:和一样好Sheisbeautifulaswellastall.她不但长得高而且漂亮。意义:也,而且用法1:aswellas连接并列的表语。,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,Tom,aswellashisparents,hasgonetoBeijingfortheirholidays.汤姆和他的父母去北京度假了。意义:和用法2:aswellas连接并列的主语时,谓语要与前面的人称保持一致。Hesh
33、aredinmysorrowsaswellasinmyjoys.他分享我的快乐也分担我的悲伤。意义:也用法3:aswellas连接并列的状语。,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义。Nowthatwehavecomehere,wemight/mayaswelllistentoitcarefully.既然我们已经来了,还是认真听听吧。意义:还是为好Weweretoolatetoseethefilm.我们去得太晚了,没有看上电影。Justaswell,Ihearitisntverygood.不必遗憾,我听说电影也不怎么样。意义:不必遗憾;无妨;没关系,5,6,1
34、,2,3,4,7,8,9,知识卡片aswell也;又;还aswellas和一样好;和;也may/mightaswell还是为好justaswell不必遗憾;无妨;没关系,3)辨析aswell,also,too,either的不同用法。这些单词或短语都有“也”的含义,但用法稍有不同:aswell多用于口语,常用在句末,一般不用逗号与句子隔开。also比较正式,通常位于实义动词的前面或系动词的后面,一般不位于句末。too多用于口语中,常位于句末,前面常用逗号隔开;也可用于句中,前后用逗号隔开。either一般用于否定句中。,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,6
35、,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,7.DoesanyonewanttohosttheOlympicGames?(P10)有人愿意主办奥运会吗?考点:hostvt.做东;主办;招待n.主人【高考典句】(2013山东高考)Thisisareallylivelyparty.Theresagreatatmosphere,isntthere?这真是一次生动的聚会。氛围很棒,不是吗?Yes,indeed.Thehostsknowhowtohostaparty.的确是。主人知道如何举办聚会。The31stOlympicGameswillbehostedinRiodeJaneiro,Brazilin2016.
36、第31届奥运会将于2016年在巴西里约热内卢主办。,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,【高考典句】(2014课标全国高考)Wouldtherebehostfamilyoruniversitydormitory?有寄宿家庭或大学宿舍吗?DoyouknowwhichcountrywillbethehostofthenextExpo?你知道哪个国家是下一届世博会的东道主吗?考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的含义。HewasthehostforaTVtalkshow.他是一名电视脱口秀的主持人。含义:(男)主持人Thehostessmadeherguestscomfortable.女主人使客人们
37、感到舒适自在。含义:女主人,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义。Thehostteamwasthelasttoenterthestadium.最后入场的是东道主队。意义:主队;东道主队Thechancesaretentoonethattheguestteamwillwin.十之八九客队会获胜。意义:客队TheHostCitytreasurestheOlympicflagafteritreceivesit.主办城市接过奥运会会旗后把它珍藏起来。含义:主办城市,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,知识卡片hostn.(男)主持人hostessn.女主人,女主持
38、人hostteam主队;东道主队hostcity主办城市,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,8.Itsagreatresponsibilitybutalsoagreathonourtobechosen.(P10)被选中的国家不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。剖析:It是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语:tobechosen。如:【高考典句】(2015湖南高考)Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccessisasumofsmalleffortsm
39、adeeachdayandoftentakesyearstoachieve.成功是每天一点点小的努力的总和,而且往往要花几年时间才能达到,记住这点很重要。,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,考点:responsibilityn.职责;责任【高考典句】(2014四川高考)Thevolunteersprimaryresponsibilityistohelppeoplewithlearningdisabilitiestorealizetheirownimportance.志愿者们首要的职责是帮助有学习障碍的人意识到自身的重要性。Itsmyresponsibilitytolockthedoors.我
40、负责锁门。,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出responsibility的词组及意义。Shebearsresponsibilitywell.她很好地承担责任。词组:bearresponsibility意义:承担责任Themotherhasshownapoorsenseofresponsibility.这位母亲表现得责任心不强。词组:senseofresponsibility意义:责任感Whateverwedo,wewilldaretotakeresponsibilityforit.无论我们干什么,我们要敢于为此负责。词组:takeresponsibilityf
41、or意义:为负责,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,2)辨析responsibility和duty的不同用法。responsibility强调一个人对某事或后果负责任或有义务。duty可指对他人应尽的义务,也可指自己应尽的责任;还可以指自己具体工作岗位上的职责。Thedrivertookfullresponsibilityforthecaraccident.这位司机对这起车祸负有完全责任。Ifeelitisourdutytohelpher.我觉得帮助她是我们的职责。3)阅读下面句子,指出黑体词的词性、词组及意义。Youshouldberesponsibleforwhatyouhavedone
42、.你应该为你的所作所为负责。词性:形容词词组:beresponsibleforsth/sb意义:对负责,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,知识卡片bearresponsibility承担责任senseofresponsibility责任感takeresponsibilityfor为负责responsibleadj.有责任的;负责的beresponsiblefor对负责,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,8,9,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,9.Soeventheolivewreathhasbeenreplaced!(P10)就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了!剖析:
43、本句是一个现在完成时的被动结构。现在完成时的被动结构的构成为:have/has+been+过去分词。如:【高考典句】(2015天津高考)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementhasbeenreachedsofarbythetwosides.尽管之前有好几轮的会谈,但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。ThecarhasbeenrepairedbyMrLi.李先生已经把车修好了。,8,9,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,考点:replacevt.取代;替换;代替【高考典句】(2015课标全国高考)Whichofthefollowingcanbestrepl
44、acethephrase“signedoff”inParagraph1?下面哪一个能够最好地取代第一段的词组“signedoff”?【高考典句】(2014天津高考)Aphonecall,however,couldneverreplaceherpresenceanditwasdifficultnottofeellonelyattimes.然而,打电话决不能代替她在身边,有时不感到孤独是很难的。Nothingintheworldcanreplacematernallove.世上没有什么东西可以取代母爱。Tomisill.Whowillreplacehim?汤姆病了,谁来顶替他?,8,9,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,考点延伸阅读下面句子,指出replace的含义。Wouldyoupleasereplacethemagazinesafterreadingthem?请你看完杂志以后把它们放回原处好吗?含义:把某物放回原处知识卡片replacevt.取代;替换;代替replaceAwithB用B替换Atakesbsplace=taketheplaceofsb代替某人;取代某人inplaceof代替;取代,8,9,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,