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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date常用溶剂极性及熔沸点solventsolventpolarityViscosity(cp20)Boiling point()UV cutoff(nm)i-pentane(戊烷)0.00-30-n-pentane0.000.2336210Petroleum ether(石油醚)0.010.3030-60210Hexane(己烷)0.060.3369210Cyclohex
2、ane(环己烷)0.101.0081210Isooctane(异辛烷)0.100.5399210Trifluoroacetic acid(三氟乙酸)0.10-72-Trimethylpentane(三甲基戊烷)0.100.4799215Cyclopentane(环戊烷)0.200.4749210n-heptane(庚烷)0.200.4198200Butyl chloride(丁基氯; 丁酰氯)1.000.4678220Trichloroethylene(三氯乙烯; 乙炔化三氯)1.000.5787273Carbon tetrachloride(四氯化碳)1.600.9777265Trichlo
3、rotrifluoroethane(三氯三氟代乙烷)1.900.7148231i-propyl ether(丙基醚; 丙醚)2.400.3768220Toluene(甲苯)2.400.59111285p-xylene(对二甲苯)2.500.65138290Chlorobenzene(氯苯)2.700.80132-o-dichlorobenzene(领二氯苯)2.701.33180295Ethyl ether(二乙醚; 醚)2.900.2335220Benzene(苯)3.000.6580280Isobutyl alcohol(异丁醇)3.004.70108220Methylene chlori
4、de(二氯甲烷)3.400.4440245Ethylene dichloride(二氯化乙烯)3.500.7984228n-butanol(丁醇)3.902.95117210n-butyl acetate(醋酸丁酯; 乙酸丁酯) 4.00-126254n-propanol(丙醇)4.002.2798210Methyl isobutyl ketone()4.20-119330Tetrahydrofuran( 四氢呋喃)4.200.5566220ethanol4.301.2079210Ethyl acetate4.300.4577260i-propanol(丙醇)4.302.3782210Chlo
5、roform(氯仿)4.400.5761245Methyl ethyl ketone(甲基乙基酮)4.500.4380330Dioxane(二恶烷; 二氧六环; 二氧杂环己烷)4.801.54102220Pyridine(吡啶)5.300.97115305Acetone(丙酮)5.400.3257330Nitromethane(硝基甲烷)6.000.67101380Acetic acid(乙酸)6.201.28118230Acetonitrile(乙腈)6.200.3782210Aniline(苯胺)6.304.40184-Dimethyl formamide(二甲基甲酰胺)6.400.921
6、53270Methanol()6.600.6065210Ethylene glycol(乙二醇)6.9019.90197210Dimethyl sulfoxide()7.202.24189268water10.201.00100268常用溶剂参数表化合物名称 中文名称极性粘度沸点吸收波长i-pentane (异戊烷)0-30-n-pentane (正戊烷)00.2336210Petroleum ether (石油醚)0.010.33060210Hexane (己烷)0.060.3369210Cyclohexane (环己烷)0.11.081210Isooctane (异辛烷)0.10.5399
7、210Trifluoroacetic acid (三氟乙酸)0.1-72-Trimethylpentane (三甲基戊烷)0.10.4799215Cyclopentane (环戊烷)0.20.4749210n-heptane (庚烷)0.20.4198200Butyl chloride (丁基氯; 丁酰氯)1.00.4678220Trichloroethylene (三氯乙烯; 乙炔化三氯)1.00.5787273Carbon tetrachloride (四氯化碳)1.60.9777265Trichlorotrifluoroethane(三氯三氟代乙烷)1.90.7148231i-propy
8、l ether (丙基醚; 丙醚)2.40.3768220Toluene (甲苯)2.40.59111285p-xylene (对二甲苯)2.50.65138290Chlorobenzene (氯苯)2.70.8132-o-dichlorobenzene (邻二氯苯)2.71.33180295Ethyl ether (二乙醚; 醚)2.90.2335220Benzene (苯)3.00.6580280Isobutyl alcohol (异丁醇)3.04.7108220Methylene chloride (二氯甲烷)3.40.44240245Ethylene dichloride (二氯化乙烯
9、)3.50.7884228n-butanol (正丁醇)3.72.95117210n-butyl acetate (醋酸丁酯;乙酸丁酯)4.0-126254n-propanol (丙醇)4.02.2798210化合物名称 中文名称极性粘度沸点吸收波长Methyl isobutyl ketone (甲基异丁酮)4.2-119330Tetrahydrofuran (四氢呋喃)4.20.5566220Ethanol (乙醇)4.31.2079210Ethyl acetate (乙酸乙酯)4.30.4577260i-propanol (异丙醇) 4.32.3782210Chloroform (氯仿)
10、4.40.5761245Methyl ethyl ketone (甲基乙基酮) 4.50.4380330Dioxane (二恶烷; 二氧六环; 二氧杂环己烷)4.81.54102220Pyridine (吡啶) 5.30.97115305Acetone (丙酮) 5.40.3257330Nitromethane (硝基甲烷) 6.00.67101330Acetic acid (乙酸) 6.21.28118230Acetonitrile (乙腈) 6.20.3782210Aniline (苯胺) 6.34.40184-Dimethyl formamide (二甲基甲酰胺) 6.40.921532
11、70Methanol (甲醇) 6.60.6065210Ethylene glycol (乙二醇 ) 6.919.9197210Dimethyl sulfoxide (二甲亚砜 DMSO) 7.22.24189268Water (水)10.21.0100268常用混合溶剂极性顺序:环己烷:乙酸乙酯(8:2) 氯仿:丙酮(95:5) 苯:丙酮(9:1) 苯:乙酸乙酯(8:2) 氯仿:乙醚(9:1) 苯:甲醇(95:5) 苯:乙醚(6:4) 环己烷:乙酸乙酯(1:1) 氯仿:乙醚(8:2) 氯仿:甲醇(99:1) 苯:甲醇(9:1) 氯仿:丙酮(85:15) 苯:乙醚(4:6) 苯: 乙酸乙酯(1:1) 氯仿:甲醇(95:5) 氯仿:丙酮(7:3) 苯: 乙酸乙酯(3:7) 苯:乙醚(1:9) 乙醚:甲醇(99:1) 乙酸乙酯:甲醇(99:1) 苯:丙酮(1:1) 氯仿:甲醇(9:1)-