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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流考研英语高频词汇(完整版).精品文档.星火考研英语高频词汇一遍通(第1讲)Part One 触类旁通action (考频:12)【记】词根记忆:act(行动;作用)+-ion(n.) n.行动,行为:Actions speak louder than words.谚行动胜于空谈。活动,动作:action movie 动作片 (on)(一种物质或化学品对另一种所起的)作用【考】in action在运转take action采取行动active (考频:5) 【记】词根记忆:act(行动)+-ive(a.);行动的a.有活动力的,活跃的:an a
2、ctive life 活跃的生活定期进行的:an active volcano 一座活火山积极的语法主动的【反】inactive a.不活动的 无生气的;passive a.被动的activate (考频:2) 【记】联想记忆:熟active生activateactive+-ate(v.)vt.使活动,激活:The burglar alarm was activated. 防盗铃响了。activity (考频:6)n.活力,活跃(pl.)(种种)活动:campus activities校园活动transaction (考频:6) 【记】词根记忆:trans-(=from.to转换)act(行动
3、)+-ion(表示行为)n.交易,事务:Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. 银行业务由自动柜员机处理,业务完成后,它们还会以机械语言有礼貌地感谢我们进行交易。(2002 考研阅读)办理,处理:the transaction of important business重要事务的处理(pl.)会报,学报interact (考频:3)【记】词根记忆:inter-(在之间)act(作用);在彼此之间作用vi.相互作用
4、,相互影响:Mothers and babies interact in a very complex way. 母亲和婴儿以非常复杂的方式相互影响。 【派】interaction n.相互作用;interactive a.互相影响的react (考频:1)【记】词根记忆:re-(=back回,反)act;反作用vi.作出反应,回应(against)反对,反抗:The citizens fought to react against the rulers oppression.市民奋起反抗统治者的压迫。【记】归类记忆:种种“作用”act react interactA B A B A Bact
5、ion作用 reaction反作用 interaction相互作用【派】reaction n.反应,反作用actual (考频:1) 【记】词根记忆:act(事实,实际)+-ual(a.)a.实际的,现实的:an actual account of the accident 事故的真实报道【派】actually ad.实际上,事实上agency (考频:4)【记】词根记忆:ag(=act)+-ency(职能,场所);做业务的职能或场所n.代理处,代办处:a news agency通讯社【考】 by/through the agency of由于的作用:He obtained his posit
6、ion by/through the agency of friends. 他通过朋友的帮助得到了一个职位。agent (考频:1) 【记】词根记忆:ag+-ent(人);做业务的人或代表n.代理(人),代表:sole agent 独家代理agenda (考频:3)【记】词根记忆:ag+-end(n.)+-a(复数词尾);要做的事情n.议事日程【考】on the agenda在议事日程上:Now, lets come to the next item on the agenda. 现在让我们讨论议事日程上的下一个项目。adopt (考频:3)【记】词根记忆:ad-(=to)+opt(选择);选
7、取vt.采用(某方法),采取(某态度):We have to adopt preventive measures. 我们不得不采取预防措施。收养:to adopt a dog 收养狗表决采纳,正式通过:to adopt a resolution通过一项决议【记】联想记忆:适应apt 适当的 adapt 根义 适合 多义改编采取opt 选择 adopt 根义 选取 多义收养【考】 前置定语收养的 the adopted children 收养的孩子 adopted后置定语采用的 the methods adopted 采用的方法【辨】adoptive,adopted adoptive 收养(某人
8、)的(主动意义) the adoptive father 养父adopted (被某人)收养的(被动意义) the adopted son 养子option (考频:3) n.选择,选择权,选择自由:I have no option but to agree. 我除了同意之外别无选择。(供)选择的事物(或人)买卖选择权【考】at ones option随意:It is at your option to take it or leave it. 取舍随你的便。optional (考频:1)a.可以任选的,非强制的:Attendance at the lecture is optional. 听
9、不听这个讲座都可以。【反】compulsory a.强迫的:compulsory courses必修课 optional courses 选修课optimism (考频:3) 【记】联想记忆: optim(优选;最佳)+-ism(主义)n.乐观主义,乐观optimistic (考频:8)a.乐观(主义)的:Laughter keeps you optimistic, helps you cope with and reduce stress. 笑口常开能让你保持乐观精神,帮你克服和缓解压力。pessimistic (考频:2)【记】词根记忆:pessim(=worst)+-istic(a.)a
10、.悲观(主义)的【考】be pessimistic about 对感到悲观【记】联想记忆:“乐观”与“悲观”小结optim 最佳 pessim 最糟optimism 乐观(主义) pessimism 悲观(主义)optimist 乐观(主义)者 pessimist 悲观(主义)者optimistic乐观(主义)的 pessimistic 悲观(主义)的alter (考频:10) vt.改变,变更:Circumstances alter cases.谚具体情况具体分析。【辨】 alter, convert, shift, transform(1) alter指衣服、态度、性格等的改变。如:to
11、alter the clothes 修改衣服;(2) convert指由一种形式或用途改变为另一种形式或用途。如:to convert crude oil into gasoline变原油为汽油;(3) shift指位置或方向的移动、改变。如:to shift the chairs around in the room挪动房间里的椅子;(4) transform指外貌、性格或性质的彻底改变。如:the process in which caterpillars transform into butterflies毛毛虫变为蝴蝶的过程。alternate (考频:1)【记】词根记忆:alter+
12、-(n)ate(v./a.) (v.) celebrate-ate (a. ) candidate (n.) accuratevi.交替,轮流a.交替的,轮流的:alternate currents 交流电间隔的【考】alternate between (doing) sth. and (doing) sth. 交替,变化无常alternate in doing sth. 轮流做某事:We alternate in doing the household chores. 我们轮流做家务。alternative (考频:1)n.可供选择的事物,替换物取舍,抉择a.两者挑一的:an alterna
13、tive plan 代替方案【记】区分记忆 or alternate alternative交替的 二者择一的alien (考频:1)【记】联想记忆:熟alter v.变更 根 al(i)(=other)生alienali-en(a.);他国的a.外国的:alien nationality外国国籍(to)不相容的:Their ideas are quite alien to our own. 他们的想法跟我们的截然不同。(to)陌生的n.外侨,外来者:an illegal alien 非法外侨外星人【辨】foreigner, alien(1) foreigner是语气上较为友善的称呼,泛指所有
14、国籍和我们不相同的人,不一定住在我国;(2) alien指住在我国却具有他国国籍,政治上也可能忠于他国的人,是较不友善且法律意味较浓的称呼。alienate (2013大纲新增词)【记】词根记忆:alien-ate(v.)vt.使疏远,离间:The young feel very alienated in modern society. 年轻人在现代社会中有一种格格不入之感。【考】alienate oneself from/be alienated from与(人)疏远,疏离ambition (考频:17) 【词源】源自拉丁文ambitio“(为拉选票而)到处走动”之意。n.褒雄心:to ch
15、erish an ambition心怀壮志贬野心:Ambition never has its fill.欲壑难填。【同】aspiration n.抱负,志气ambitious (考频:1) a.褒有雄心的贬有野心的【考】 to do 渴望,极想be ambitiousfor/of. 极欲获得(a) He is ambitious to succeed in business. 他立志要事业有成。(b) He is ambitious for/of fame. 他极欲赢得声誉。ambiguous (考频:3)a.引起歧义的,模棱两可的【记】 联想记忆:熟ambulance(救护车)原义“流动医
16、院”根amb 走动原义均为“走动”熟ambulance救护车 熟wagon大篷车生ambiguous 生vague含糊的【派】ambiguity n.模糊Part Two 非常点拨abandon (考频:7) 【记】联想记忆:熟ban n.禁令根 bandon(公告,禁令)生abandona-(=ad-, to)+ bandon;处于禁令之下vt.(不顾责任、义务等)抛弃,遗弃不得已而放弃,舍弃:Its a vanity project that requires Mr. Bentley to abandon his vanity. 这是一项需要本特利先生放弃自己面子的形象工程。(The Ne
17、w York Times)n.放纵,纵情【考】abandon oneself to纵情,沉溺于:He abandoned himself to despair. 他自暴自弃。with abandon 放任地,放纵地,纵情地:to dance with wild abandon尽情地跳舞abundant (考频:2)【记】词根记忆:ab-(=away)+und(=overflow 充满)+-ant(处于状态) a.充分的,充裕的,丰富的【考】be abundant/rich in sth. 丰富,富于:The country is abundant in natural resources. 那
18、个国家自然资源丰富。 abuse (考频:8)【记】词根记忆:ab-(=off 脱离)+use(用)v./n.根义滥用 言 谩骂(=insult)滥用 行 虐待=maltreat(ment) adjust (考频:5)【记】联想记忆:“整”中有“正”字;英文adjust中也有just。熟just正,恰当生adjustad-(=to)just;使趋向恰当、正好vt.调节,改变以适应校正,调整vi.适应,习惯【考】adjust (oneself) to sth. 使(自己)适合/适应于某事 alert (考频:1) 【记】词根记忆:al-(全,都)+ert(活动);原义:全都活动起来,警觉起来a.
19、机敏的,活跃的警惕的:We should be alert to the fake goods when shopping online. 网上购物时,我们需要警惕假冒伪劣产品。n.警戒,戒备警报【考】on (the) alert against/for sth. 警戒着,防备着:Drivers must be on the alert for traffic signals. 驾驶员必须随时注意交通信号。analogy (考频:1) 【记】词根记忆:ana-(类似)+logy(言语,推理)n.比拟,类比【考】on the analogy of以类推by analogy with用作比拟by
20、analogy用类推的方法:He explained the problem by analogy. 他用类推的方法解释了这个问题。analysis (考频:10)n.分析,分解【记】联想记忆:单sis 复sesbasis bases基础 analysis analyses分析crisis crises危机 hypothesis hypotheses假设emphasis emphases强调 thesis theses论文 【考】on/upon analysis 经分析make an analysis of 分析(=analyse)annoy (考频:3) vt.使恼怒,使生气打搅【辨】ann
21、oy, irritateannoy与irritate都表示“使恼怒”,但irritate尤指不断重复做某事而使人烦躁、激怒。如:The lady seemed annoyed because I had dialed the wrong number. The second time, she seemed irritated. 因为我拨错了电话号码,那位女士似乎有些生气。我第二次拨错时,她似乎被惹火了。【考】 at sth. 对(物)烦恼be annoyed with sb. 对(人)生气或烦恼be annoyed by sb./sth. 被骚扰/干扰anticipate (考频:1) 【记
22、】词根记忆:anti-(先,预)cip(=take)-ate;事先拿来考虑vt.预料,预期,期望:A great obstacle to happiness is to anticipate too much about it. 通往幸福之路最大的障碍就是对幸福苛求太多。【辨】expect, anticipate(1) expect指相信某人会来或某事会发生;(2) anticipate指期待某事发生并为之作好了准备。注:二者后均可接名词、代词或从句,但anticipate后接动名词,expect后接不定式。【例】Realistically, they do not anticipate a
23、return to the peak years, but expect ongoing recovery. 实际上,他们并不指望能重拾旧日辉煌,但是也希望能逐渐地改善。星火考研英语高频词汇一遍通(第2讲)Part One 触类旁通proceed (考频:6) 【记】 词根记忆:pro-(向前)+ceed(=go)vi.行进:He got off the bus and proceeded home on foot. 他下了公共汽车,步行回家。进行,继续下去区分记忆:行进 名 procession行列,队伍动 proceed process 进行,过程,工序进行 名 procedure程序,手
24、续【考】proceed to do sth. 继续做proceed with sth. 继续某事【辨】proceed to do sth.,go on to do sth.(1) proceed to do sth. 指暂停后继续做尚未做完的事(=go on doing sth.);The old man took a drink from his cup and proceeded to tell his story. 老人拿起杯子喝了一口,继续讲他的故事。(2) go on to do sth. 指做完一事后进而做另一事。After attacking the governments po
25、licy, he went on to talk about the world situation. 攻击了政府的政策之后,他接下来谈世界局势。process (考频:34)n.进程,过程:Some parents think the application process for the online guardianship is too complicated. 有部分家长认为,申请网游监护的过程过于繁琐。工序,制作法,工艺vt.加工,处理:Your application for a mortgage is being processed. 你申请贷款的事正在办理中。【考】in pr
26、ocess of (doing) sth. 在的过程中procedure (考频:8)n.程序,手续,步骤:You should make the procedure for obtaining a passport clear first.你首先应该弄清楚办理护照的程序。exceed (考频:1) 【记】词根记忆:ex-(=out)ceed(=go);go out vt.超出,胜过:Their success exceeded all expectation. 他们的成功出乎所有人的预料。超越,逾越:to exceed ones responsibilities 超出某人的职责范围【辨】ex
27、ceed,surpass译最近的人口统计显示,中国人口已超过12亿。误The latest census shows that Chinas population has surpassed 1.2 billion.正The latest census shows that Chinas population has exceeded 1.2 billion.注(1) exceed原义“go out (of)”,单纯指数字、程度等方面超出一定界限、限度;(2) surpass(sur-=over)原义“pass.over”,用于有比较或与他人竞赛时的超过。(a) The car exceede
28、d the speed limit. 那辆车超速。(b) The car surpasses mine in speed. 那辆车比我的车跑得快。excess (考频:4)n.过量,过剩:It was an excess of enthusiasm that caused the problem. 那是因为过度热情导致了问题。a.过量的,额外的:excess sleep过度睡眠【考】in excess of 超过an excess of expenditure over income入不敷出to an excess过量,超出:Optimism is a good characteristic,
29、 but if carried to an excess it becomes foolishness.(Roosevelt) 乐观是一种优秀品质,但如过分乐观就是愚蠢了。(罗斯福)excessive (考频:3) a.过度的,过分的:excessive rainfall过多的降雨【辨】excess, excessive(1) excess a.过量的,额外的(additional, more than what is usual, allowed):an excess fare补票费;(2) excessive a.过度的,过分的(too much, too great):an excess
30、ive demand 过分的要求。succession (考频:2) n.(sing.)连续,一系列继任,继承:There will be a dispute about the rightful succession to her estate.对于她产业的合法继承权将有一场争论。【记】区分记忆: succeed v.成功 继承,接替success succession n.成功,成就 n.继任,继承success successor n.成功的人或物 n.继承人successful successive a.成功的 a.接连的,连续的【考】in succession连续地,连接地:She
31、won the championship four times in succession.她连续四次夺得冠军。concede (考频:2) 【记】词根记忆:con-(=com-, together)+cede(=go);一起走让步vt.迁就,让步承认:to concede defeat 承认失败(勉强)同意【派】concession n.迁就,让步 特许(权)precede (考频:3) 【记】词根记忆:pre-(=before 在前)cede;走在前面vt.(顺序、位置、时间上)在之前,领先(于),先于:Although sadness also precedes tears, evide
32、nce suggests that emotions can flow from muscular responses. 尽管悲伤也会在眼泪之前出现,证据显示情绪是肌肉反应的结果。(2011考研完形)【辨】 precede, proceed(1) pre-=before 联想:prepare预备,不难理解precede就是go before,“走在前,领先”。(2) pro-=forward 联想:progress前进,不难理解proceed就是go forward,go on,“前进,继续进行”。precedent (考频:1) n.先例,前例【考】set an precedent 开先例w
33、ithout precedent 史无前例的break with precedent 打破惯例preceding (考频:1)a.在前的,在先的:the preceding year 前一年recession (2013 大纲新增词)【记】词根记忆:re-(=backward)+cess(=go)+-ion(n.); go backwardn.后退,撤退(经济)衰退,不景气:It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a recession. 我们很难说经济会繁荣还是衰退。access (考频
34、:5) 【记】词根记忆:ac-(=ad-,to)cess(=go);go to/inton.接近,进入:access right访问权限通道,入口接近(或进入)的方法v.获取【考】have/gain access to 可以获得(或接近):As the brand spokesman, he has special access to the press. 作为品牌代言人,他和报界有广泛的接触。【辨】access, entrance, admission(1) access指接近或进入的方法、机会或权力;(2) entrance指进入或加入的动作。例如:the entrance of univ
35、ersity入学;(3) admission指允许或被允许进入或加入的动作。例如:admission to the university被大学录取。【派】accessible a.可接近的;inaccessible a.难以接近的reception (考频:1) n.接待,迎接接待处,招待会接收效果:Reception improved because of the new antenna.新天线使接收效果得到改善。【记】区分记忆:receive接收,收到 接待,接见收到,接到 接待,接见receipt n. reception n.收据,收款 招待会recipient n.接收者 recep
36、tionist n.接待员(a) As soon as we (a) They received us warmly.receive the money,we 他们热情接待了我们。will send the books.(b) On receipt of the (b) We got a warm reception.money we will send 我们受到了热情接待。the books.款到即发书。conceive (考频:12) 【记】词根记忆:con-(一起)+ceive(=get,take);原义:收到一起,构成一物v.构思,设想,孕育(思想)怀胎,怀有pregnant怀孕的:S
37、occer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania. (2007考研阅读)对足球痴迷的父母更可能在春天这个一年之中足球狂热的高峰期孕育子女。怀有,抱有(自大思想)【记】区分记忆: (动作) conception 构想,设想 构思,构想 concept (结果) 概念,观念conceive conception 怀(胎) conception 怀孕怀有,抱有(自大思想) conceit 自负ception规则动 ceive 名cei(p)t
38、 【考】conceive of.as. 把想象成,认为是concept (考频:17) n.概念,观念,思想:New Concept English新概念英语conception (考频:1) n.观念,概念构想,设想:the conception of a plan 构思一个计划怀孕:the ten months between conception and birth从怀孕到生育的十个月perceive (考频:2) 【记】词根记忆:per-(=through)+ceive;get.through (senses)vt.察觉,感知:I didnt perceive anyone comin
39、g in.我没有察觉到有任何人进来。领悟,理解:I cant perceive such an abstract conception.我无法理解如此抽象的概念。【考】perceive sb. do/doing sth. 察觉到某人做/正在做某事【派】perception n.感知,感觉susceptible (考频:2)【记】词根记忆:sus-(=sup-,below)+cept(=take)+-ible(=able)a.(to)易受影响的,敏感的,过敏的:She is rather susceptible to colds.她很容易患感冒。(of)容许的:A signed agreemen
40、t is not susceptible of change.签过字的协议不可随便改动。 challenge (考频:13) 【记】词根记忆:chall(=call 对叫喊)向挑战vt.向挑战:to challenge oneself 挑战自我质疑n.挑战(书)艰巨任务,难题:To build a road in the mountainous area was a real challenge.在山区修筑公路的确是件艰巨的任务。【用法】动词challenge本身已内含“向,对”的意义,因而不要再加多余的to。类例: address向讲话,向致辞 brief向作简要的介绍 salute 向敬礼
41、,致敬reconcile (考频:1) 【记】词根记忆:re-(再)+con-(一起)+cile(call的变体);再召集在一起,使言归于好vt.使和好,调解,使调和:Yet the two competing traditions have never quite reconciled themselves. (The New York Times)直到现在,这两种对立的传统也从来没有相互和解过。使一致【考】reconcile.with. 使与和解 使与一致reconcile oneself to 顺从,心甘情愿,将就【派】reconciliation n.和解,调和council (考频:
42、3) 【记】词根记忆:coun-(=con- 一起)+cil(=call);召集在一起,集会n.委员会,理事会,议事机构:the UN Security Council联合国安全理事会【用法】council多用于各种机构的正式名称:the State Council中国务院【派】council(l)or n.议员counsel (考频:1) v./n.忠告,劝告,建议:A fool may give a wise man counsel.谚愚者千虑,必有一得。n.辩护人,法律顾问【记】联想记忆: counsel v./n.忠告,劝告 counsel(l)or n.顾问,导师 council n
43、.委员会 council(l)or n.议员【派】counsel(l)ing n.咨询服务【同】recommend v.建议,劝告concise (考频:1) 【记】联想记忆:汉语“裁决”之中“裁”即为“切割”;英语decide/decision之中cide/cise即为cut。 熟decision根cise(=cut 切,削;削减)生concisecon-(加强语气)+cisea.简明的,简洁的:I tried to give brisk, concise response.我尽量作出简明扼要的回答。precise (考频:1) 【记】词根记忆:pre-(预先)+cise;预先把多余的切掉a.精确的,准确的:A che