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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流现在完成时态讲解(一).精品文档.现在完成时态讲解与练习(一)一 、句式构成:肯定式:主语 + have/has + 过去分词+其他 否定式:主语 + havent/hasnt + 过去分词 + 其他。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语 + have/has. (否定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)二、用法 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与时间副词already(已经),yet(还、已经) ,just(刚刚、仅仅) ,e
2、ver(曾经) ,never(从不),before(以前)等连用。(一) 肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。 如:(1)We have cleaned the classroom.(我们已经打扫了教室,意味着教室现在是干净的。) (2)She has bought the book already.(她已经买了这本书,意味着她现在有这本书) (当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have, 此处 have/has为助动词。)(二)否定式:主语 + havent/hasnt (或have/has never)+过去分词 +其他。Eg:(1)I havent bee
3、n to Beijing.我没去过北京。 (2)He hasnt finished his homework. 他还没有完成他的家庭作业。(三)疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)例:(1).He has seen the film.改为否定句: 改为一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答: (2) I have finished my homework. 改为否定句: 改为一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答: 三、过去分词变换规则 *过去分词的形式,规则动词的过去分词
4、构成与动词过去式相同,变换规则如下: 1直接+ed finish-finished-finished, 2以e结尾直接+d live-lived-lived 3以辅音字母加y 结尾变y为i+ed study-studied-studied, 4双写最后一个辅音字母+ed plan-planned-planned; 5不规则动词需要特殊记忆,见课本145-146页。四、标志词及用法 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 既涉及过去,又联系现在。用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: 1.以already, just和yet为标志, already(已经,常用肯定句), just(刚刚
5、,常用肯定句)和yet(尚未,还,常用否定句和疑问句) already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 Eg:1)He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 2)He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 3)He hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。 注意:*yet 用于句末或not 之后. Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet. *already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末. We have already f
6、inished it. *just只用于have/has 之后 2. 以ever 、never、before为标志 (ever常用于疑问句和肯定句) ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经(ever)或从来没有(never)发生过。Before(以前) Eg:1)This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 2)He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。 3) I have seen you before. 我以前见过你。 4) I havent seen you before.
7、 我以前没见过你* never表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall. * ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has主语ever 过去分词?“曾经过吗?”用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm?你曾经去过农场吗? 3. 以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。once(一次),twice(两次),many times(很多次),how many times(多少次) Eg:(1)He says he has been to
8、 the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 (2)How many times has he been to the USA? 他去过美国几次?4. 以so far(迄今为止),these days(这些天),in the past few years(在过去的几年里)为标志 so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生,用于句首或句末。 Eg:(1)So far, we have visited the moon. 到目前为止我们已参观过月球。 (2)He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。 (3)She has p
9、assed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 (4)I havent seen her these days.这些天我没见过她。 (5)Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years. 在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。练习一 适当形式填空1. My father _ (read) the novel twice.2. -Are you thirsty? -No, I _ just _ (have) some orange.3. We _already _ (retur
10、n) the book.4. I _ (buy) a book just now.5. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?二 .单选1.-Have you ever_ Xian to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to2.- _ you_ your homework yet? -Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did,do; finished B. Have, done; fini
11、shed C. Have,done; have finished D. Will, do; finish3.I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. had lost4.Julia is not going to the cinema with us because she _the film.A. Sees B.saw C. have seen D. will see5. -My grandma has for a week. -Im sorry to hear that. A .be ill B. been ill C . illed D .to be ill