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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-dateMCS51单片机英文文献及翻译河 北 农 业 大 学现代科技学院 南 京 工 程 学 院毕业设计文献资料翻译 （原文及译文） 原文名称：Structure and function of the MCS-51 series课题名称： 基于单片机的交通灯控制系统 学生姓名： 吴茜茜 学 号： 240072310 指导老师： 宋 红 梅 所在系部： 康尼学院 专业名称：
2、通信工程 2011 年 3 月 南 京Structure and function of the MCS-51 seriesStructure and function of the MCS-51 series one-chip computer MCS-51 is a name of a piece of one-chip computer series which Intel Company produces. This company introduced 8 top-grade one-chip computers of MCS-51 series in 1980 after intr
3、oducing 8 one-chip computers of MCS-48 series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this line of one-chip computer the chips have, such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic composition, basic performance and instruction system are all the same.8051 daily representatives-51 serial o
4、ne-chip computers.A one-chip computer system is made up of several following parts: (1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). ( 2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositing not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc.
5、(3) Procedure memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is used to preserve the procedure , some initial data and form in slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some one-chip computers, such as 8031, 8032.(4) Four 8 run side by side I/O interface P0 four P3, each mouth can use as introduction , may use as exp
6、orting too. (5) Two timer / counter, each timer / counter may set up and count in the way, used to count to the external incident, can set up into a timing way too, and can according to count or result of timing realize the control of the computer. (6) Five cut off cutting off the control system of
7、the source. (7) One all duplex serial I/O mouth of UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize one-chip computer or one-chip computer and serial communication of computer to use for. (8) Stretch oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tune electric c
8、apacity need outer. Allow oscillation frequency as 12 megahertz now at most. Every the above-mentioned part was joined through the inside data bus .Among them, CPU is a core of the one-chip computer, it is the control of the computer and command centre, made up of such parts as arithmetic unit and c
9、ontroller , etc. The arithmetic unit can carry on 8 persons of arithmetic operation and unit ALU of logic operation while including one, the 1 storing device temporaries of 8, storing device 2 temporarily, 8s accumulation device ACC, register B and procedure state register PSW, etc. Person who accum
10、ulate ACC count by 2 input ends entered of checking etc. temporarily as one operation often, come from person who store 1 operation is it is it make operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loop back ACC with another one. In addition, ACC is often regarded as the transfer stati
11、on of data transmission on 8051 inside. The same as general microprocessor, it is the busiest register. Help remembering that agreeing with a express in the order. The controller includes the procedure counter, the order is deposited, the order deciphering, the oscillator and timing circuit, etc. Th
12、e procedure counter is made up of counter of 8 for two, amounts to 16. It is a byte address counter of the procedure in fact, the content is the next IA that will carried out in PC. The content which changes it can change the direction that the procedure carries out. Shake the circuit in 8051 one-ch
13、ip computers, only need outer quartz crystal and frequency to finely tune the electric capacity, its frequency range is its 12MHZ of 1.2MHZ. This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other computers, the work in harmony under the control
14、of the basic beat, just like an orchestra according to the beat play that is commanded.There are ROM (procedure memory , can only read ) and RAM in 8051 slices (data memory, can is it can write ) two to read, they have each independent memory address space, dispose way to be the same with general me
15、mory of computer. Procedure 8051 memory and 8751 slice procedure memory capacity 4KB, address begin from 0000H, used for preserving the procedure and form constant. Data 8051- 8751 8031 of memory data memory 128B, address false 00FH, using for middle result to deposit operation, the data are stored
16、temporarily and the data are buffered. In RAM of this 128B, there is unit of 32 bytes that can be appointed as the job register, this and general microprocessor is different, 8051 slice RAM and job register rank one formation the same to arrange the location. It is not very the same that the memory
17、of MCS-51 series one-chip computer and general computer disposes the way in addition. General computer for first address space, ROM and RAM can arrange in different space within the range of this address at will, namely the addresses of ROM and RAM, with distributing different address space in a for
18、mation. While visiting the memory, corresponding and only an address Memory unit, can ROM, it can be RAM too, and by visiting the order similarly. This kind of memory structure is called the structure of Princeton. 8051 memories are divided into procedure memory space and data memory space on the ph
19、ysics structure, there are four memory spaces in all: The procedure stores in one and data memory space outside data memory and one in procedure memory space and one outside one, the structure forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory separated form data memory, called Harvard structure
20、. But use the angle from users, 8051 memory address space is divided into three kinds: (1) In the slice, arrange blocks of FFFFH, 0000H of location, in unison outside the slice (use 16 addresses). (2) The data memory address space outside one of 64KB, the address is arranged from 0000H 64KB FFFFH (w
21、ith 16 addresses) too to the location. (3) Data memory address space of 256B (use 8 addresses). Three above-mentioned memory space addresses overlap, for distinguishing and designing the order symbol of different data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: CPU visit slice, ROM order spend M
22、OVC , visit block RAM order uses MOVX outside the slice, RAM order uses MOV to visit in slice.8051 one-chip computer have four 8 walk abreast I/O ports, call P0, P1, P2 and P3. Each port is 8 accurate two-way mouths, accounts for 32 pins altogether. Every one I/O line can be used as introduction and
23、 exported independently. Each port includes a latch (namely special function register), one exports the driver and a introduction buffer. Make data can latch when outputting, data can buffer when making introduction, but four function of pass away these self-same. Expand among the system of memory o
24、utside having slice, four ports these may serve as accurate two-way mouth of I/O in common use. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, P2 mouth see high 8 address off; P0 mouth is a two-way bus, send the introduction of 8 low addresses and data / export in timesharing The circuit of
25、 8051 one-chip computers and four I/O ports is very ingenious in design. Familiar with I/O port logical circuit, not only help to use port correctly and rationally, and will inspire to designing the peripheral logical circuit of one-chip computer to some extent. Load ability and interface of port ha
26、ve certain requirement, because output grade, P0 of mouth and P1 end output, P3 of mouth grade different at structure, so, the load ability and interface of its door demand to have nothing in common with each other. P0 mouth is different from other mouth, its output grade draws the resistance suprem
27、ely. When using it as the mouth in common use, output grade is it leak circuit to turn on, is it urge NMOS draw the resistance on taking to be outer with it while inputting to go out to fail. When being used as introduction, should write1 to a latch first. Every one with P0 mouth can drive 8 Model L
28、S TTL load to export. P1 mouth is an accurate two-way mouth too, used as I/O in common use. Different from P0 mouth output of circuit its, draw load resistance link with power on inside have. In fact, the resistance is that two effects are in charge of FET and together: One FET is in charge of load,
29、 its resistance is regular. Another one can is it lead to work with close at two state, make its President resistance value change approximate 0 or group value heavy two situation very. When it is 0 that the resistance is approximate, can draw the pin to the high level fast; when resistance value is
30、 very large, P1 mouth high electricity at ordinary times, can is it draw electric current load to offer outwards, draw electric current load to offer outwards, draw the resistance on neednt answer and thinking. Here when the port is used as introduction, must write into 1 to the corresponding latch
31、first too, make FET end relatively about 20,000 ohms because of load resistance in scene and because 40,000 ohms, will not exert an influence on the data that are input. The structure of P2 some mouth is similar to P0 mouth, there are MUX switches. Is it similar to mouth partly to urge, but mouth la
32、rge a conversion controls some than P1.P3 mouth one multi-functional port, mouth getting many than P1 it have 3 doors and 4 buffers. Two parts there, make her besides accurate two-way function with P1 mouth just, can also use the second function of every pin, and door 3 functions one switch in fact,
33、 it determines to be to output data of latch to output second signal of function. Act as W=At 1 oclock, output Q end signal; act as Q=At 1 oclock, can output W line signal. At the time of programming, it is that the first function is still the second function but neednt have software that set up P3
34、mouth in advance .It hardware not inside is the automatic to have two function outputted when CPU carries on SFR and seeks the location to visit to P3 mouth/at not lasting lining, there are inside hardware latch Qs=1. The operation principle of P3 mouth is similar to P1 mouth.Output grade, P3 of mou
35、th, P1 of P1, connect with inside have load resistance of drawing, every one of they can drive 4 Model LS TTL load to output. As while inputting the mouth, any TTL or NMOS circuit can drive P1 of 8051 one-chip computers as P3 mouth in a normal way. Because draw resistance on output grade of them hav
36、e, can open a way collector too or drain-source resistance is it urge to open a way, do not need to have the resistance of drawing outer. Mouths are all accurate two-way mouths too. When the conduct is input, must write the corresponding port latch with 1 first. As to 80C51 one-chip computer, port c
37、an only offer milliampere of output electric currents, is it output mouth go when urging one ordinary basing of transistor to regard as, should contact a resistance among the port and transistor base, in order to the electricity while restraining the high level from exporting P1P3 Being restored to
38、the throne is the operation of initializing of an one-chip computer. Its main function is to turn PC into 0000H initially, make the one-chip computer begin to hold the conduct procedure from unit 0000H. Except that the ones that enter the system are initialized normally, as because procedure operate
39、 it make mistakes or operate there arent mistake, in order to extricate oneself from a predicament , need to be pressed and restored to the throne the key restarting too. It is an input end which is restored to the throne the signal in 8051 China RST pin. Restore to the throne signal high level effe
40、ctive, should sustain 24 shake cycle (namely 2 machine cycles) the above its effective times. If 6 of frequency of utilization brilliant to shake, restore to the throne signal duration should exceed 4 delicate to finish restoring to the throne and operating. Produce the logic picture of circuit whic
41、h is restored to the throne the signal: restore to the throne the circuit and include two parts outside in the chip entirely. Outside that circuit produce to restore to the throne signal (RST) hand over to Schmitts trigger, restore to the throne circuit sample to output , Schmitt of trigger constant
42、ly in each S5P2 , machine of cycle in having one more , then just got and restored to the throne and operated the necessary signal inside. Restore to the throne resistance of circuit generally, electric capacity parameter suitable for 6 brilliant to shake, can is it restore to the throne signal high
43、 level duration greater than 2 machine cycles to guarantee. Being restored to the throne in the circuit is simple, its function is very important. Pieces of one-chip computer system could normal running, should first check it can restore to the throne not succeeding. Checking and can pop ones head a
44、nd monitor the pin with the oscilloscope tentatively, push and is restored to the throne the key, the wave form that observes and has enough range is exported (instantaneous), can also through is it restore to the throne circuit group holding value carry on the experiment to change.MCS-51系列单片机的功能和结构
45、MSC-51系列单片机具有一个单芯片电脑的结构和功能，它是英特尔公司的系列产品的名称。这家公司在1976年推出后，引进8位单芯片的MCS-48系列计算机后于1980年推出的8位的MCS-51系列单芯片计算机。诸如此类的单芯片电脑有很多种，如8051，8031，8751，80C51BH,80C31BH等，其基本组成，基本性能和指令系统都是相同的。8051是51系列单芯片电脑的代表。一个单芯片的计算机是由以下几个部分组成：（1）一个8位的微处理器（CPU）。（2）片内数据存储器RAM（128B/256B）,它只读/写数据，如结果不在操作过程中，最终结果要显示数据（3）程序存储器ROM/EPROM(
46、4KB/8KB).是用来保存程序一些初步的数据和切片的形式。但一些单芯片电脑没有考虑ROM/EPROM,如8031，8032，80C51等等。（4）4个8路运行的I/O接口，P0，P1，P2，P3，每个接口可以用作入口，也可以用作出口。（5）两个定时/计数器， 每个定时方式也可以根据计算结果或定时控制实现计算机。（6）5个中断（7）一个全双工串行的I/UART（通用异步接收器I口/发送器（UART），它是实现单芯片电脑或单芯片计算机和计算机的串行通信使用。（）振荡器和时钟产生电路，需要考虑石英晶体微调能力。允许振荡频率为12MHz，每个上述的部分都是通过内部数据总线连接。其中CPU是一个芯片计
47、算机的核心，它是计算机的指挥中心，是由算术单元和控制器等部分组成。算术单元可以进行位算术运算和逻辑运算，ALU单元是其中一种运算器，18个存储设备，暂存设备的积累设备进行协调，程序状态寄存器PSW积累了2个输入端的计数等检查暂时作为一个操作往往由人来操作，谁储存1输入的是它使操作去上暂时计数，另有一个操作的结果，回环协调。此外，协调往往是作为对8051内的数据传输转运站考虑。作为一般的微处理器，解码的顺序。振荡器和定时电路等的程序计数器是一个由8个计数器为2，总计16位。这是一个字节的地址，其实程序计数器，是将在个人电脑内进行。从而改变它的内容可以改变它的程序进行。在8051的单芯片电脑的电路
48、，只需要外部石英晶体和频率微调电容，其频率范围为1.2MHz到12MHz。这种脉冲信号，作为8051的工作，即单位时间的最低基本节奏。8051是其他电脑一样，控制的基本工作在于和谐，就像一个管弦乐队，根据击败发挥是指挥。有光盘（程序存储器，只能读取），并在8051片（数据存储器RAM，可以是可写可读，他们各自独立的内存地址空间，处理办法是，与一般的电脑记忆体相同。8051可8751的程序存储的存储容量4KB的程序切片，地址开始从0000H开始执行，维护的程序和形式不断使用。数据8051-8751的内存数据存储器128B）条8031，地址虚假00FH，中层结果存入操作使用，数据存储和数据暂时缓冲等。在这128B条内存，有32字节，可以作为工作寄存器使用，这和一般的微处理器是不同的，8051片RAM和登记形式的同一级到安排的位置。这不是很相同，MCS-51系列内存的单芯片计算机和通用计算机为主。通用计算机的第一个地址空间，ROM和RAM,可安排在不同的空间在这个范围内的地址范围，即ROM和RAM 地址的形成与分布在不同的地址空间。在访问内存，相应的，只有一个地址的内存单元，可以用外部存储，也可以内存，并通过访问顺序与此类似。这种内存结构的一种被称为普林斯顿结构。8051记忆分为程序存储器空间和数据存储空间的物理结构上