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1、新浪微博：石雷鹏老师V新浪博客：http:/ 作文类型论说文：9次应用文：1次图表作文：0次1.4 写作测试的特殊性以TOEFL为例：环境类话题a.在你家周围建一个工厂，你是否同意？b.你认为科学家对人类的贡献大还是艺术家对人类的贡献大？c.你的职业梦想是什么？d.如果让你发明一样机器，你会选择什么？e.如果你有一笔钱，你会用它来做什么？再以四级考试为例：题目：On English Learning提纲：1. 英语学习很重要 2. 英语者所面临的困难 3. 如何学好英语In contemporary world, English learning has gained great popula
2、rity and it is of great significance. (主题句) Firstly, based on a survey, a majority of tourists acknowledge that they prefer to speak English when traveling around the world. (调查法表述)Secondly, compared with the poor English speakers, good English-speakers are superior in many ways. (比较模板句式)However, En
3、glish learners may have a variety of difficulties or troubles in their learning. (主题句) For example, it can be noticed that a large number of students have difficulty memorizing words. Sometimes, it is difficult for them to understand the rules of grammar. In addition, though some are good at reading
4、 or writing, they can not express themselves freely in English. Then, how to get a good command of (学好) this language? I am convinced that practice makes perfect. Only practice can enable one to speak and write fluently. And it is also through practice that one can master the rules of grammar and re
5、member words, and there is no other way. (强调句式）以上范文灵活改编可以写如下作文1992-6 ：How I Overcame my Difficulties in Learning English1.你在英语学习中有哪些困难?2.你是如何克服这些困难的?1993-61.我最喜爱的电视(或无线电)节目是.2.这类节目的内容和特点3.我喜欢它的原因1994-61.人们对职业各有不同的理想2.我理想的职业是什么3.我怎样为我理想的职业做准备1997-11.怎样理解“熟能生巧”?2.例如：在英语学习中3.又如2000-1 ：How I Finance My
6、College Education1.上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多种途径解决2.哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)2000-6：Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是2.也有人持不同意见.3.我的看法和打算2003.6：1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病(或受伤)的情况2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是2003.121.建议报考的专业及理由2.报考该专业的基本条件3.应当如何备考2005.11.你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好等)可以胜任学生会主
7、席的工作2.如果当选,你将为本校同学做些什么2005年6月1.向老师致以节日祝贺。2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献。3.我如何回报老师的关爱2006-061. 校学生会将组织一次暑期志愿者活动，现招募志愿者。2.本次志愿者活动的目的，内容、安排等。 3.报名条件及联系方式2007年年6月：月：欢迎辞，Welcome to our club1. 表达你的欢迎；2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍2007年年12月月1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3. 以你自己为例 2010年6月：Due Attention Should Be Given to S
8、pelling1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。2.出现这种情况的原因。3.如何避免这一问题请记住内容上：请记住内容上：熟悉什么熟悉什么就写什么就写什么神马内容你最熟悉？赠言：尽最大努力 （Try your utmost） 得最大成功 （Achieve greater success）冲刺总体方略：背写：单词标点一个都不错。第二章、冲刺提分方略2.1 功能段落写作法概论冲刺阶段，背诵模板不是最有效的方法，因为模板的写作思路是固定的，然而很多时候试题的命题思路可能与所背模板思路不同。但是，无论四级写作话题如何变化，一般都对应三个或两个汉语提纲。只要按提纲要求去写相应的内容段落，就做到了紧扣
9、主题。历年写作提纲可以总结为六种功能段落。是以，提出“功能段落写作法”的冲刺提分方略。因此，掌握好六种功能段落，也就掌握了所有作文的写作。2.2功能段落破解写作2011-06Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3
10、我的建议2010-12Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该2010-06Directions: For this part, you are allowed
11、30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2. 出现这种情况的原因3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为 2009-12Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on th
12、e topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 建设绿色校园很重要2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该2009-06Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of Free Admission to Museums. You should write at least
13、120 words following the outline given bellow:1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2.也会带来一些问题3.你的看法？2008-12Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1.一次性塑料
14、袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义2008-06 Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of Recreational Activities. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1. 娱乐活动多种多样，2. 娱乐可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性，3. 作为大学生，我的看法。六种功能段落总结建议建议观点（利弊）观点（利弊）意义
15、（利）意义（利）现象现象危害（弊）危害（弊）原因原因篇章层面：六种功能段落的排列组合1. 问题解决型：2010年6月、2010年12月2. 观点对比型（利弊分析）：2011年6月3. 现象阐述型：2009年12月2.3观点对比型作文必背观点对比型作文必背段落组成：现象+利弊+建议2011-06: Online Shopping1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3我的建议1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚现象描述段：思路：引出话题 + 具体描述In contemporary society, it has become a prevalent trend for indi
16、viduals to purchase various goods from the Internet. In the meanwhile, an increasing number of people find it convenient and inexpensive to do so. Taking a look around, we can find a great many shopping websites: Taobao, Dangdang and Amazon.2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题（利）A number of people favor online shoppi
17、ng. In their eyes, without it, it is impossible for them to stay at home and get their favorite clothes, books and so on. In addition, they argue that shopping online can help them expand their scope of shopping choices and enrich their life. (下页续)（接上页）(弊) Even so, others hold a different view that
18、online shopping carries some risks. Firstly, it calls for time, energy and money to shop online; however, the quality of goods is not always as satisfactory as expected. Besides, what worries many shoppers is that their private information may be stolen and misused. 3我的建议（主题句）As a customer, I am con
19、vinced that there are various ways in which we can enhance online shopping. （建议1）First, it is essential that regulations should be worked out and enforced to regulate the online transactions. （建议2）Then, we should educate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates, and acquaintances to be alert
20、when shopping online. （展望未来）If we try our utmost to do so, the future of shopping online will be promising, hopeful and rosy.完美写作冲刺法：第一步：背写：思路+表达第二步：翻译：英译汉汉译英对比第三步：限时训练：写改对比2.4 问题解决型必背范文Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Child
21、ren to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该两个提纲 三个提纲 三个功能段落1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 该现象产生原因3. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该首段现象描述： 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切(主题句)In contemporary society, it has become a trend for many parents to do everything for the
22、ir kids: food, clothes, tuition, and even marriage. (事实描述)In the meanwhile, an increasing number of children find it difficult or troublesome to live on their own without parents. (举例描述)Taking a look around, we can find a great many parents and children like this. 现象、原因、建议、危害、利弊分析逻:一个中心，四个基本点：以孩子（学生
23、、事件）为中心，以家长（老师、相关人员）、家庭（学校、管理机构）、社会、法规（道德意识）为基本点孩子家家长长社社会会法法规规（道德意（道德意识识）家庭家庭学生老老师师社社会会法法规规（道德意（道德意识识）学学校校网络购物买买方方:顾顾客客社社会会法法规规（道德意（道德意识识）卖卖方方2. 该现象产生原因(主题句)It is evident that the causes of this phenomenon is diverse. (原因1：家庭)To begin with, the change of family structure is the root cause. (原因1体现)A
24、typical example of this is that in most families, there is only one child who is loved by not only parents, but also grandparents. (原因2)In addition, the incorrect sense of parents love constitutes another major cause. (原因2体现)To be specific, as parents, they are convinced that loving means giving chi
25、ldren all they want. 万能原因补充：1. In addition, social prejudice/ignorance/ emphasis / concern plays a critical role in this matter/issue. 2. Furthermore, the related policy being carried out in China (does not) enables _ to attach importance to _. 3. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该(主题句)There are various ways in which pa
26、rents can help their teenagers to be independent. (建议1) First, it is suggested that parents should strengthen the awareness of loving children appropriately. (建议2)Then, they should educate, advocate and encourage their kids to deal with their own problems independently in life and study. (展望未来)If al
27、l parents can try their utmost to do so, the future of our next generation will be hopeful, promising and rosy. 2.5 现象阐述型范文(参考)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outli
28、ne given below:1. 建设绿色校园很重要（意义段：利）2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境（现象段：描述）3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该（建议段）Creating a Green Campus1. 建设绿色校园很重要（意义段：利）The idea of “Green Life” has gained wide popularity among Chinese people, and it is of great significance for universities to build green campuses. Without green environment, it is
29、 impossible for college students to have an enjoyable life in the Ivory Tower. In addition, green campus may broaden/consolidate students awareness of environmental protection. 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境（现象段：描述）主题句：In addition to the green environment, green campuses also refer to students behaviors or ethics.
30、 However, (举例) taking a look around, we can find a great many examples of inappropriate behaviors： (下页续)（接上页）(排比) some discard litters everywhere; some students cheat in tests; some waste food on canteens; some are always late for classes; some guys even watch pornographic or violent films in dorms.
31、 In fact, it has become a trend for many students to turn a blind eye to their own bad acts. 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该（建议段）(主题句)Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take measures to maintain green campuses. (建议1法规)First, it is essential that regulations should be worked out to ban these negative behaviors
32、. (建议2发动群众)Then, we should educate, advocate and encourage our classmates, friends and acquaintances to refuse all uncivilized acts. (未来展望) If we try our best to do so, the future of our college life will be hopeful, promising and rosy.2.6 高分冲刺细节1. 内容相关（按照提纲要求、涵盖要点信息）2. 结构清晰（新闻联播三段论：主题句+拓展句）3. 语言精彩（
33、通顺、连贯、句子结构词多变）2.7语言第一位通顺、连贯、句子结构词多变2.7.1连贯：1) 句子衔接：and, but, so; however, nonethelessThe idea of “Green Life” has gained wide popularity among Chinese people. It is of great significance for universities to build green campuses. The idea of “Green Life” has gained wide popularity among Chinese peopl
34、e, and it is of great significance for universities to build green campuses. 2) 逻辑衔接：起承转合起：In contemporary society, on many campuses, currently, first, to begin with, first and foremost, first of all承： Second, Third, Last, Next, Then, finally, meanwhile, in addition, furthermore, besides, in the fir
35、st /second place, for one thing, for another, last but not the least转：However, but, on the contrary, On the other hand, yet , although, by contrast, while, whereas, instead, nevertheless, otherwise合：（因此)As a result, Therefore, Thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as consequence, as a result; (总之)
36、：In a word , In short, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, 中英文文篇章结构：以汉语四六级阅读为例天涯远不远？不远！人就在天涯，天涯怎么会远？明月是什么颜色？是蓝的，就像海一样蓝，一样深，一样忧郁。明月在那？就在他的心，他的心就是明月。题目：概括本段中心思想2.7.2遣词广度：a variety of 1）同义词2）同根词3）范畴词：上义词 下义词相关词4）代词替换深度：弃用第一反应词 academicexceedingly, ex
37、tremely, intensely 替换veryan army of/a great many/a host of 替换 a lot ofAdvancement 替换 developmentpositive, favorable, promising(有希望的), perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior替换goodgive rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the
38、view that, 替think (因为是书面语, 所以要加that) beneficial, rewarding替换helpful, bear in mind that 替换remember enjoy, possess 替换haveshopper, client, consumer, purchaser, 替换customer 2.7.2造句被动句状语从句定语从句名词从句同位语：身份It is 句式设问强调句式排比V-ing状语2.8考场写作时间安排考场写作时间安排总计：30分钟1. 审题: 识别提纲功能 2-3分钟2. 以关键词形式打草稿3-4 分钟3. 正文写作 18-20 分钟4.
39、 检查修正 2-3分钟：单复数、时态、语态、拼写2. 以关键词形式打草稿以关键词形式打草稿3-4 分钟分钟例题：On TV Shows1. 时下电视真人秀（如超级女声、达人秀）非常受欢迎2. 有人认为这类节目很好，可以展现自己，分享阅历，有人反对3. 我的看法1. 时下电视真人秀（如超级女声、达人秀）非常受欢迎关键词：trend, examplesTrend In contemporary society, it has become a trend for many TV channels to hold a variety of TV talent shows. Examples Taki
40、ng a look around, we can find a host of examples like this: Super Girls, Chinas Got Talent and so on. 第三章、冲刺话题预测3.1 志愿者活动志愿者活动Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of On Volunteering. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given be
41、llow:1. 越来越多的人从事志愿者工作2. 志愿者工作对需要帮助的人和社会都有好处，对志愿者自身也有好处3. 我的看法。首段现象描述：In contemporary society, it has become a prevalent trend for Chinese people, especially the youngsters, to take part in various voluntary activities. Taking/ Turning a look around, we can find a great many voluntary actions: volunt
42、ary teachers, Olympic Games volunteers and so on. 志愿者活动意义：Apparently enough, it is of great importance/ significance/ value/ benefits for young people to get involved in social voluntary services. First, these activities will definitely enhance the over-all development of the harmonious society. Sec
43、ond, volunteers can enrich their social experience and broaden their vision/horizon in this process. Last, without volunteers, it is impossible for people who are in need to get aid/assistance timely. In fact, people in mounting numbers have come to realize the significance of volunteers. 我的看法：As a
44、college student, I am firmly convinced that all people are advisable to participate in voluntary activities. Firstly, it is essential that laws / regulations / rules should be made/worked out to support volunteers. Secondly, we should advocate, educate and encourage our friends, classmates, and acqu
45、aintances to offer voluntary services to society. If we try our utmost to do so, the future of our society will be promising, hopeful and rosy. 3.2电视选秀Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of On TV Shows. You should write at least 120 words followin
46、g the outline given bellow:1. 时下电视真人秀（如超级女声、达人秀）非常受欢迎2. 有人认为这类节目很好，可以展现自己，分享阅历，有人反对3. 我的看法首段：描述现象In contemporary society, TV talent shows have gained wide popularity among audience, and it is has become a trend for many TV channels to hold such programs. Typical examples include: Super Girls, China
47、s Got Talent and the forth. Thousands of people are attracted to participate in such shows. 2. 有人认为这类节目很好，可以展现自己，分享阅历，有人反对 利弊分析二段：前半段（利）：(设问)Why are a great many people interested in such programs? Supporters harbor this idea: (排比)these shows broaden their opportunities to enrich their life, to shar
48、e their experience and to show their specialty. 后半段（弊）：Even so, others hold a different view that TV shows carry some doubts. They criticize them, arguing that these shows mean a waste of time, money and energy. In addition, what worries many parents is that their children study may be disturbed by
49、these shows, since kids often pour much attention on them. 3. 我的看法观点：支持=利；反对=弊By and large, the advantages derived from these shows far outweigh the disadvantages. Since they bring happiness to those participants and most of the TV audience, they are expected to be continued. 3. 我的看法观点：中立型Obviously,
50、 TV shows, like anything else, have more than one side. While they are indispensable for some audience, they also result in some problems. It is only hoped that we, while taking full advantage of TV shows, can find satisfactory solutions to the problems. 3.3扶不起的社会Directions:For this part, you are al