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1、1.What is Contract?International sales and purchases are International sales and purchases are normally conducted through contracts,normally conducted through contracts, which are agreements reached between which are agreements reached between the two parties during a business the two parties during
2、 a business transaction.transaction.2. Six Categories of International Business Contract 运输方面运输方面: : 国际海上货物运输合同国际海上货物运输合同 International Marine Cargo Transportation Contract 铁路货物运输合同铁路货物运输合同 International Railway Transportation Contract 公路运输合同公路运输合同 International Road Transportation Contract 航空运输合同航空
3、运输合同 International Air Freight Contract 邮政运输合同邮政运输合同 International Post Transportation Contract 集装箱运输合同集装箱运输合同 International Container Transportation Contract 3.Major elements of a contractTitle of the contractPreamble of a contract a. date of signing b. signing parties c. place of signing3. Body of
4、 a contract a. terms and conditions b. duration c. termination d. force majeure (不可抗力) f. arbitration (仲裁) g. jurisdiction (管辖权) h. amendment 3.Major elements of a contractConclusion of the contract a. concluding sentence b. signature3.Major elements of a contract4.Useful formal wordswhereas = consi
5、dering that 鉴于whereby = by what, by which 凭那个wherein = in what, in which 在那点上whereof = of what, of which 关于那事hereafter = after this 在下文hereby = by means of this 特此herein = in this 在此中hereto = to this 对此hereinbefore = in the preceding parts of this contract 在上文hereof = of this 关于这点thereto = to that 此
6、外 thereof = of that 因此thereafter = later in the same contract 在下文4.Useful formal words5. Main Points : 合计数字的表示合计数字的表示 a. count+累积数字累积数字 b. come to+累积数字累积数字 count作动词用时，表示的主要含义是作动词用时，表示的主要含义是“数数”、“计算计算”(compute)。如：如：Please count these cards for me. (请替我数一数这请替我数一数这些卡片。些卡片。) The losses counted five hund
7、red dollars. 损失的数字总共为五百元。损失的数字总共为五百元。 It counts up to more than fifty dollars. 共计五十元以上。共计五十元以上。5. Main Points : 合计数字的表示合计数字的表示 come to + 累积数字累积数字 come是一个在表意上极为灵活的动词。作是一个在表意上极为灵活的动词。作“总计总计”、“合计合计”时，必与时，必与to连用，且后面连用，且后面接的一定是数词，这一说法多见于口语。接的一定是数词，这一说法多见于口语。The yearly steel output of our plant comes to a
8、 million tons. 本厂每年钢产量总计为本厂每年钢产量总计为100万吨。万吨。These two items of expenditure come to thirty dollars. 两项开支共计三十元。两项开支共计三十元。 5. Main Points : Service n. a.服务、贡献服务、贡献 His services to the country are immense. 他对国家的贡献是非常大的。他对国家的贡献是非常大的。 b.行政部门、服务机构、及其全体人员的总称。行政部门、服务机构、及其全体人员的总称。 例如：例如： The job of the Fire S
9、ervice is to put out fires. 消防局的任务是灭火。消防局的任务是灭火。 5. Main Points : Service c.(商品售后的)保养、维修，(饭店、旅馆等的)服务情况Pleasesendyourcarinforserviceevery3000kilometers.每行驶三千公里，请把你的汽车送厂检修。Thefoodisgoodatthishotel,buttheserviceispoor.这家饭店的菜饭很好，但服务情况很差。d.劳务(复数)ThevalueofacountrysgoodsandservicesisitsGNP(grossnationalpr
10、oduct).一国的全部产品和劳务的总价值就是该国的国民生产总值。5. Main Points : Service adj. 服务的服务的 Here is an all night service store. 这里是一家通宵服务商店。这里是一家通宵服务商店。 有关有关service的短语的短语 service charge (fee ) 服务费服务费 service center 服务中心服务中心 service cost 劳务成本劳务成本 service desk 服务台服务台 service firm 服务性企业服务性企业 service person 服务员服务员 5. Main Po
11、ints : Engage vi.从事于(与in连用)WeengageinconstructionbusinessinChina.我们在中国从事建筑业。engagement聘请，聘任期；约会；契约；债务(复数)Theengagementofthemanagingdirectorhasbeenterminated.这位总经理(常务董事)聘任期已满。Thetwopartiesenteredintoanbindingengagementforemploymentof10skilledworkers.双方订立了一份雇佣十名技术工人的契约。5. Main Points : Law 用作可数名词，指某项或
12、各项法律用作可数名词，指某项或各项法律,与动词搭配与动词搭配 draft a law 起草法律起草法律 pass/adopt a law 通过法律通过法律 promulgate a law 颁布法律颁布法律 enact/formulate/institute/make a law 制定制定法律法律 observe/obey/abide by a law 守法守法 break/violate/flout a law 犯法犯法 execute/enforce/administer/apply a law 执执行法律行法律 annul/repeat/revoke a law 取消取消(废止废止)法律
13、法律 5. Main Points : Law 用作不可数名词，表示法律通称或整体，其前常用作不可数名词，表示法律通称或整体，其前常加定冠词；但表示法律学科或某类法律时，则不加定冠词；但表示法律学科或某类法律时，则不加定冠词。加定冠词。 business law 商业法商业法 constitutional law 宪法宪法 corporate law 合伙法合伙法 trademark law 商标法商标法 labour law 劳动法劳动法 maritime law 海事法海事法 audit law 审计法审计法 insolvent law 破产法破产法 5. Main Points : 人员
14、人员 辨析personnel与person,labour,worker与staffpersonnel是集合名词，以单数的形式表示复数，是任何团体的工作人员的总称，尤指各种的军事人员。person可指自然人(男人或女人)，也可指法人(legalperson)labour指工人，特别强调指从事体力劳动的工人。worker既可指劳工和技工，也可指脑力劳动工作者。staff指全体工作人员(其中不免也有工人，但主要是指“全体职员”)。5. Main Points : 人员人员 Duringthecontractedperiod,thecontractorshallhavetherighttoappoin
15、tpersonnelfordepartmentsoftheCompanyandtheRefinery.在承包期间，外方有权委派本公司和炼油厂各个部门的人员。Thosepersonsandfirmsarelicensedtoproducelicenseddevicesunderpatent.兹许可这些法人和公司在专利证(的规定范围)下生产各种特许设备。Allshareholdersaretobepresentinpersonorbyproxy.全体股东均须到会，由本人或全权代表出席。5. Main Points : 人员人员 labour cost 人工成本，人工费人工成本，人工费 labour
16、 dispute 劳资纠纷，劳资争劳资纠纷，劳资争议议 labour market 劳动力市场劳动力市场 labour and capital 劳方与资方劳方与资方 industrial workers 产业工人产业工人 skilled workers 熟练工人熟练工人 a foreign trade workers 外贸工作人员外贸工作人员 office workers 科室人员科室人员Exercises:ABCABC公司和公司和UVWUVW公司双方签订协议公司双方签订协议. .This agreement made and entered into This agreement made
17、and entered into by and between ABC co. and UVW co.by and between ABC co. and UVW co.Exercises:本协议的双方应履行本协议规定的义务。本协议的双方应履行本协议规定的义务。Each party to this Agreement shall Each party to this Agreement shall fulfill or perform any of the fulfill or perform any of the obligations under this Agreement.obliga
18、tions under this Agreement.Exercises:本合同的修改，只有在双方签字并经有关主管本合同的修改，只有在双方签字并经有关主管机关批准后才能生效。机关批准后才能生效。The amendments to or alterations of this The amendments to or alterations of this Contract become effective only after Contract become effective only after they are signed by both parties and they are si
19、gned by both parties and approved by the relevant authorities. approved by the relevant authorities. 如出现争议，双方应友好协商解决，协商如出现争议，双方应友好协商解决，协商不成，提交中国海事仲裁委员会仲裁。不成，提交中国海事仲裁委员会仲裁。In case of disputes, the parties should In case of disputes, the parties should settle them through amicable consultation; settle them through amicable consultation; when such attempt fails, they shall then when such attempt fails, they shall then be submitted to China Maritime Arbitration be submitted to China Maritime Arbitration Commission for arbitration. Commission for arbitration. Exercises:30 结束语结束语